We offer to buy nickel sheets NP2 on favorable terms:
- Large selection of assortments and standard sizes.
- Possibility of additional metal processing - cutting, bending, galvanizing, perforation
- Sale in pieces and blanks
- Sales of products, both wholesale and retail.
- Prices without intermediary commissions.
- Various payment methods and terms.
- Flexible system of discounts for wholesale and regular partners.
- Free professional consultations.
- Possibility of pre-packaging the order in the warehouse.
- Fast delivery times. Shipment of paid goods within 24 hours in Moscow.
- Delivery to Russian regions in 2-3 days. If necessary, we will independently calculate and order the services of a transport company. Delivery to the transport company terminal is free.
- Packaging of goods in accordance with customer requirements. It is possible to use several types of packaging: PET polyester circle and PVC polyethylene film.
- Possibility of storing goods in our warehouse until shipment.
- Return of goods in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.
Characteristics and sizes of the assortment.
Nickel sheet NP2 is a flat rectangular semi-finished product manufactured by hot rolling methods.
The advantages of nickel sheet include:
- high strength;
- resistance to corrosion destruction;
- resistance to temperature changes;
- magnetic properties (ferromagnetic).
The characteristics of the product are determined by the properties of the nickel grade NP2 - the so-called. semi-finished nickel according to GOST 492-2006. The standard regulates the content of impurities (carbon, copper, iron, magnesium, etc.) in the metal - a total of no more than 0.5% by weight. The material has heat resistance (resistance to mechanical loads at high temperatures), resistance to corrosion in a variety of aggressive environments, including at elevated temperatures (this property is defined as heat resistance).
Sheet thickness according to GOST varies from 5 to 20 mm, width - 500, 600, 700, 800 mm, length 500-2000 mm. You can buy nickel sheets of measured length, multiples of 100 mm, and unmeasured, fully complying with state standards.
The quality of the product is controlled at all stages of the production process. The surface of the material meets the standards and has no delamination, mechanical damage or other defects.
GOST, TU and other standards.
The technical conditions of the NP2 sheet are determined by GOST 6235-91. High precision of manufacturing and finishing of the product is regulated by GOST 26877-2008. The chemical composition of nickel NP2 corresponds to GOST 492-2006.
Areas of application.
Good mechanical, electrical, and anti-corrosion properties have led to the widespread use of NP2 sheet. In particular, its use is justified in production, where high demands are placed on the corrosion resistance of the material. Main areas of use:
- shipbuilding;
- mechanical engineering, instrument making;
- electrical parts – cathodes, anodes;
- manufacturing of products for the chemical industry - containers, boilers, utensils that interact with aggressive substances.
Sale of nickel sheets from a warehouse in Moscow.
Nickel sheets are sold from a warehouse in Moscow located at:
111123, Moscow, sh. Enthusiastov, 56, building 44
You can receive the paid goods by pickup or by delivery, which will be carried out by our company. Our own fleet of vehicles of various tonnage will allow us to inexpensively and quickly deliver your order to your facility.
When ordering products from 100 kg. delivery will be free for you.
Shipment and delivery of paid goods is carried out within one day.
DEFINITION
Nickel- the twenty-eighth element of the Periodic Table. Designation - Ni from the Latin "niccolum". Located in the fourth period, VIIIB group. Refers to metals. The nuclear charge is 28.
Like cobalt, nickel occurs in nature primarily in the form of compounds with arsenic or sulfur; such, for example, are the minerals kupfernickel NiAs, arsenic-nickel luster NiAsS, etc. Nickel is more common than cobalt [about 0.01% (wt.) of the earth's crust].
Nickel metal has a silvery color with a yellowish tint (Fig. 1), is very hard, polishes well, and is attracted by a magnet. It is characterized by high corrosion resistance - stable in the atmosphere, in water, in alkalis and a number of acids. Actively dissolves in nitric acid. The chemical resistance of nickel is due to its tendency to passivation - to the formation of oxide films on the surface that have a strong protective effect.
Rice. 1. Nickel. Appearance.
Atomic and molecular mass of nickel
DEFINITION
Relative molecular mass of the substance (Mr) is a number showing how many times the mass of a given molecule is greater than 1/12 the mass of a carbon atom, and relative atomic mass of an element (A r)— how many times the average mass of atoms of a chemical element is greater than 1/12 the mass of a carbon atom.
Since in the free state nickel exists in the form of monatomic Ni molecules, the values of its atomic and molecular masses coincide. They are equal to 58.6934.
Nickel isotopes
It is known that in nature nickel can be found in the form of five stable isotopes 58 Ni, 60 Ni, 61 Ni, 62 Ni and 64 Ni. Their mass numbers are 58, 60, 61, 62 and 64, respectively. The nucleus of an atom of the nickel isotope 58 Ni contains twenty-eight protons and thirty neutrons, and the remaining isotopes differ from it only in the number of neutrons.
There are artificial unstable isotopes of nickel with mass numbers from 48 to 78, as well as eight meta-stable states, among which the longest-lived isotope 59 Ni with a half-life of 76 thousand years.
Nickel ions
The electronic formula demonstrating the orbital distribution of nickel electrons is as follows:
1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2 3p 6 3d 8 4s 2 .
As a result of chemical interaction, nickel gives up its valence electrons, i.e. is their donor, and turns into a positively charged ion:
Ni 0 -2e → Ni 2+ ;
Ni 0 -3e → Ni 3+ .
Nickel molecule and atom
In the free state, nickel exists in the form of monoatomic Ni molecules. Here are some properties characterizing the nickel atom and molecule:
Nickel alloys
The main mass of nickel is used for the production of various alloys with iron, copper, zinc and other metals. Adding nickel to steel increases its toughness and resistance to corrosion.
Nickel-based alloys can be divided into heat-resistant (nimonic, inconel, hastell [over 60% nickel, 15-20% chromium and other metals]), magnetic (permalloy) and alloys with special properties (monel metal, nickel, constantan, invar, platinite).
Examples of problem solving
EXAMPLE 1
| Exercise | Write the reaction equations that can be used to carry out the following transformations: NiCl 2 → Ni → NiSO 4 → Ni(NO 3) 2 → Ni(OH) 2 → NiCl 2. Draw the equations for reactions occurring in solutions in ionic and abbreviated ionic forms. |
| Answer | By placing a metal more active than nickel in a solution of nickel (II) chloride, you can obtain nickel in free form (substitution reaction): NiCl 2 + Zn → Ni + ZnCl 2; Ni 2+ + Zn 0 → Ni 0 + Zn 2+ . Nickel dissolves in dilute sulfuric acid to form nickel(II) sulfate: Ni + H 2 SO 4 (dilute) → NiSO 4 + H 2; Ni 0 + 2H + → Ni 2+ + H 2 . Nickel(II) nitrate can be obtained by an exchange reaction: NiSO 4 + Ba(NO 3) 2 → Ni(NO 3) 2 + BaSO 4 ↓; SO 4 2- + Ba 2+ → BaSO 4 ↓. By treating nickel (II) nitrate with alkali, you can obtain nickel (II) hydroxide: Ni(NO 3) 2 + 2NaOH → Ni(OH) 2 ↓+ 2NaNO 3 ; Ni 2+ + 2OH - = Ni(OH) 2 ↓. Nickel(II) chloride can be obtained from nickel(II) hydroxide by neutralization reaction with hydrochloric acid: Ni(OH) 2 + 2HCl → NiCl 2 + 2H 2 O; OH - + H + = H 2 O. |
EXAMPLE 2
| Exercise | What mass of nickel(II) chloride can be obtained by heating 17.7 g of nickel and 12 liters of chlorine (n.s.)? What volume of 0.06 M solution can be prepared from this mass of salt? |
| Solution | Let's write the reaction equation: Ni + Cl 2 = NiCl 2. Let's find the number of moles of nickel (molar mass - 59 g/mol) and chlorine that reacted using the data specified in the problem statement: n (Ni) = m (Ni) / M (Ni); n(Ni) = 17.7 / 59 = 0.3 mol. n (Cl 2) = V (Cl 2) / V m; n (Cl 2) = 12 / 22.4 = 0.54 mol. According to the equation of the problem n (Ni): n (Cl 2) = 1:1. This means that chlorine is in excess and all further calculations should be made using nickel. Let's find the amount of substance and the mass of nickel (II) chloride formed (molar mass 130 g/mol): n (Ni): n (NiCl 2) = 1:1; n (Ni) = n (NiCl 2) = 0.3 mol. m (NiCl 2) = n (NiCl 2) × M (NiCl 2); m (NiCl 2) = 0.3 × 130 = 39 g. Let's calculate the volume of a 0.06 M solution that can be obtained from 39 g of nickel (II) chloride: V(NiCl 2) = n (NiCl 2)/ c (NiCl 2); V (NiCl 2) = 0.3 / 0.06 = 0.5 l. |
| Answer | The mass of nickel (II) chloride is 39 g, the volume of a 0.06 M solution is 0.5 l (500 ml). |
Nickel sulfate is a crystalline substance of emerald green or turquoise color, soluble in water, eroded in air. This is a type of nickel salt.
Nickel sulfate is a highly toxic substance, so when working with it you must follow the rules for handling hazardous substances.
Chemical formula: NiSO4 7H2O.
Nickel sulfate is used in electroplating for nickel plating of products and metals.
And also - for the manufacture of batteries, catalysts, ferrites in the electronic and electrical industries, in metallurgy for the preparation of alloys. Nickel is widely used in the perfume, fat and chemical industries as a reagent.
In the production of ceramics, nickel sulfate is used as a dye.
Safety requirements for nickel sulfate (nickel sulfate heptahydrate, nickel sulfate) GOST 4465-74.
Nickel(II) sulfate 7-hydrate is a crystalline substance. When ingested into the human body, it has a carcinogenic and generally toxic effect. In contact with the skin and mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract and eyes, the product is irritating and causes increased sensitivity to nickel.
When 7-aqueous nickel (II) sulfate is dissolved in water, a hydroaerosol is formed, which, in terms of the degree of impact on the body, belongs to substances of the 1st hazard class.
The maximum permissible concentration of hydroaerosol of 7-aqueous nickel sulfate in terms of nickel in the air of the working area is 0.005 mg/m³.
The maximum permissible concentration of nickel ion in the water of reservoirs for sanitary use is 0.1 mg/dm³.
7-hydrate nickel sulfate cannot be neutralized or destroyed. The spilled product after dry and subsequent wet cleaning is disposed of in technological processes for the production or consumption of nickel sulfate.
Nickel sulfate does not form toxic substances in the air and wastewater.
Nickel (II) sulfate 7-water is non-flammable, fire- and explosion-proof.
Everyone working with nickel sulfate must be provided with special clothing, special shoes and other protective equipment. To protect the respiratory system, the ShB-1 “Lepestok” respirator should be used. To avoid contact with the skin of the hands, it is recommended to use protective paste IER-2 and lanolin-castor ointment. If nickel sulfate gets into your eyes, rinse them with copious amounts of water.
Production and laboratory premises in which work with 7-aqueous nickel sulfate is carried out must be equipped with supply and exhaust ventilation, and the equipment must be sealed.
Nikel- malleable and ductile metal. Nickel is ferromagnetic. In air it is stable. There is a protective film of NiO on the surface, which protects the metal from further oxidation.
WITH H2O and water vapor contained in the air, nickel doesn't respond either. Nickel practically does not interact with such acids as sulfuric, phosphoric, hydrofluoric and some others.
Interacts with HNO3:
3Ni + 8HNO 3 = 3Ni(NO 3) 2 + 2NO + 4H 2 O
WITH O2 reacts only at temperatures above 800° C.
Nickel oxide has basic properties. It exists in 2 modifications: low temperature (hexagonal lattice) and high temperature (cubic lattice).
It reacts with halogens and sulfur only at temperature to form NiHal 2 and NiS. When interacting with C, P, the following are formed: carbide Ni3C, phosphides - Ni 5 P 2, Ni 2 P, Ni 3 P.
With non-metals ( N 2) the reaction proceeds under optimal conditions.
There are salts that are soluble in water NiSO 4 , Ni(NO 3) 2 and many others that form crystalline hydrates NiSO 4 7H 2 O, Ni(NO 3) 2 6H 2 O.
Insoluble salts: phosphate Ni 3 (PO 4) 2 and silicate Ni 2 SiO 4.
If you add alkali to a solution of nickel(II) salt, a green precipitate of nickel hydroxide will form:
Ni(NO 3) 2 + 2NaOH = Ni(OH) 2 + 2NaNO 3.
Ni(OH)2 has weakly basic properties. When interacting with alkali:
2Ni(OH) 2 + 2NaOH + Br 2 = 2Ni(OH) 3 + 2NaBr.
Application of nickel and its compounds.
Nickel is most widely used in the production of stainless steel and alloys. Alloys that consume a lot of nickel include:
Monel metal ( Ni, Cu, Fe, Mn), widely used in chemical equipment, shipbuilding, for the manufacture of settling tanks and covers;
Nichrome and chromel ( Ni, Cr), used in the form of wire for rheostats, toasters, irons, heaters;
Invar ( Ni, Fe), used due to its very low expansion coefficient for the manufacture of pendulums in watches and measuring tapes;
Permalloy ( Ni, Fe), used in marine cable and power transmission technology due to its excellent magnetic susceptibility;
Nickel silver ( Ni, Cu, Zn) - for the manufacture of household utensils;
Alnico ( Ni, Co, Fe, Al) is a powerful magnetic material used to make small tools that have the properties of a permanent magnet.
Nickel coatings have long been used for decorative purposes and to protect many base metals from corrosion, although they are often replaced by chrome plating.
(coordination numbers are indicated in parentheses) Ni 2+ 0.069 nm (4), 0.077 nm (5), 0.083 nm (6).
The average nickel content in the earth's crust is 8-10 -3% by mass, in ocean water 0.002 mg/l. Known approx. 50 nickel minerals, the most important of which are: pentlandite (Fe,Ni) 9 S 8, millerite NiS, garnierite (Ni, Mg) 3 Si 4 O 10 (OH) 10. 4H 2 O, revdinskite (non-puite) (Ni, Mg) 3 Si 2 O 5 (OH) 4, nickel NiAs, annabergite Ni 3 (AsO 4) 2 8H 2 O. Nickel is mainly mined from sulfide copper-nickel ores (Canada, Australia, South Africa) and from silicate-oxidized ores (New Caledonia, Cuba, Philippines, Indonesia, etc.). World onshore nickel reserves are estimated at 70 million tons.
Properties. Nickel is a silvery-white metal. Crystallic. face-centered lattice cubic, a = 0.35238 nm, z = 4, space. group RT3t. T. pl. 1455 °C. t. bale 2900 °C; raft 8.90 g/cm3; C 0 p 26.l J/(mol K); DH 0 pl 17.5 kJ/mol, DH 0 isp 370 kJ/mol; S 0 298 29.9 JDmol K); level of temperature dependence of vapor pressure for solid nickel lgp(hPa) = 13.369-23013/T+0.520lgT+0.395T (298-1728K), for liquid lgp(hPa)=11.742-20830/T+ 0.618 lgT (1728-3170 K); temperature coefficient linear expansion 13.5. 10 -6 K -1 (273-373 K); thermal conductivity 94.1 W/(m x x K) at 273 K, 90.9 W/(m K) at 298 K; g 1.74 N/m (1520 °C); r 7.5 10 -8 Ohm m, temperature coefficient. r 6.75. 10 -3 K -1 (298-398 K); ferromagnet, Curie point 631 K. Elastic modulus 196-210 GPa; s growth 280-720 MPa; relates elongation 40-50%; Brinell hardness (annealed) 700-1000 MPa. Pure nickel is a very ductile metal, can be processed well in cold and hot conditions, can be rolled, drawn, and forged.
N nickel is chemically inactive, but fine powder obtained by the reduction of nickel compounds with hydrogen at low temperatures is pyrophoric. The standard electrode potential Ni 0 /Ni 2+ is 0.23 V. At normal temperatures, nickel in air is covered with a thin protective film of nickel oxide. Not interaction. with water and air moisture. When heated Nickel oxidation from the surface begins at ~ 800 °C. Nickel reacts very slowly with hydrochloric, sulfuric, phosphoric, and hydrofluoric acids. Vinegar and other org. have practically no effect on it. to-you, especially in the absence of air. Reacts well with dil. HNO3, conc. HNO 3 is passivated. Solutions and melts of alkalis and alkali metal carbonates, as well as liquid NH 3, do not affect nickel. Aqueous solutions NH 3 present. air correlate nickel.
N ickel in a dispersed state has great catalytic properties. activity in areas of hydrogenation, dehydrogenation, oxidation, isomerization, condensation. They use either skeletal nickel (Raney nickel), obtained by alloying with Al or Si with the last. leaching with alkali, or nickel on a carrier.
N ickel absorbs H 2 and forms solid solutions with it. NiH 2 hydrides (stable below 0°C) and the more stable NiH were obtained indirectly. Nitrogen is almost not absorbed by nickel up to 1400 °C, the pH value of N 2 in the metal is 0.07% at 450 °C. Compact nickel does not react with NH 3; dispersed nickel forms Ni 3 N nitride with it at 300-450 °C.
Molten nickel dissolves C to form carbide Ni 3 C, which decomposes during crystallization of the melt, releasing graphite; Ni 3 C in the form of a gray-black powder (decomposes at ~ 450 ° C) is obtained by carburizing nickel in a CO atmosphere at 250-400 ° C. Dispersed nickel with CO gives volatile nickel tetracarbonyl Ni(CO) 4 . When alloyed with Si, it forms silica; Ni 5 Si 2, Ni 2 Si and NiSi melt congruently, respectively. at 1282, 1318 and 992 °C, Ni 3 Si and NiSi 2 - incongruent, respectively. at 1165 and 1125°C, Ni 3 Si 2 decomposes without melting at 845°C. When fused with B it gives borides: Ni 3 B (mp 1175°C), Ni 2 B (1240°C), Ni 3 B 2 (1163°C), Ni 4 B 3 (1580 °C), NiB 12 (2320 °C), NiB (decomposes at 1600 °C). With Se vapor, nickel forms selenides: NiSe (mp 980 °C), Ni 3 Se 2 and NiSe 2 (decompose at 800 and 850 ° C, respectively), Ni 6 Se 5 and Ni 21 Se 20 (exist only in the solid state). When nickel is alloyed with Te, tellurides are obtained: NiTe and NiTe 2 (apparently a wide region of solid solutions is formed between them), etc.
Arsenate Ni 3 (AsO 4) 2. 8H2O-green crystals; pH value in water 0.022%; to-tami decomposes; above 200 °C it dehydrates, at ~ 1000 °C it decomposes; catalyst for producing solid soap.
Silicate Ni 2 SiO 4 - light green crystals with a rhombic pattern. grate; dense 4.85 g/cm3; decomposes without melting at 1545°C; insoluble in water; miner K-tami slowly decomposes when heated. Aluminate NiAl 2 O 4 (nickel spinel) - blue crystals with cubic. grate; m.p. 2110°C; dense 4.50 g/cm3; not sol. in water ; slowly decomposes to-tami; hydrogenation catalyst.
The most important complex connections. nickel-a m m i n s. Naib. Characteristic are hexaammines and aquatetrammines with cations, respectively. 2+ and 2+. These are blue or violet crystals. in-va, usually sol. in water, in solutions of a bright blue color; when the solutions are boiled and when exposed to the solution, they decompose; are formed in solutions during ammonia processing of nickel and cobalt ores.
In the Ni(III) and Ni(IV) complexes, the coordination the number of nickel is 6. Examples are violet K 3 and red K 2, formed by the action of F 2 on a mixture of NiCl 2 and KCl; strong oxidizing agents. Of other types, salts of hetero-polyacids are known, for example. (NH 4) 6 H 7. 5H 2 O, a large number of intra-complex compounds. Ni(II). See also Organo-nickel compounds.
Receipt. The ores are processed by pyro- and hydro-steel-lurgic. way. For silicate-oxidized ores (cannot be enriched), either reducer is used. smelting to produce ferronickel, which is then subjected to purging in a converter for the purpose of refining and enrichment, or smelting for matte with sulfur-containing additives (FeS 2 or CaSO 4). The resulting matte is blown in a converter to remove Fe, and then crushed and fired to reduce NiO from the resulting material. Metallic nickel is obtained by smelting. Nickel concentrates obtained from the beneficiation of sulfide ores are smelted into matte with the last. purging in the converter. From the copper-nickel matte, after its slow cooling by flotation, Ni 3 S 2 concentrate is isolated, which, similar to mattes from oxidized ores, is fired and reduced.
One of the ways of hydroprocessing of oxidized ores is the reduction of ore with generator gas or a mixture of H 2 and N 2 with subsequent. leaching with NH 3 and CO 2 solution with air blowing. The solution is purified from Co with ammonium sulfide. During the decomposition of the solution with the distillation of NH 3, nickel hydroxocarbonate is precipitated, which is either calcined and reduced from the resulting NiO. Nickel is obtained by smelting, or by re-dissolving. in the NH 3 solution and after distilling NH 3 from the pulp, nickel is obtained by reducing H 2. Dr. way - leaching of oxidized ore with sulfuric acid in an autoclave. From the resulting solution, after its purification and neutralization, nickel is precipitated with hydrogen sulfide under pressure and the resulting NiS concentrate is processed like matte.
Hydroprocessing of nickel sulfide materials (concentrates, mattes) is reduced to autoclaved oxidation. leaching with either NH 3 solutions (at low Co content) or H 2 SO 4. From ammonia solutions after separation of CuS, nickel is precipitated with hydrogen under pressure. For Ni separation,Extraction of Co and Cu from ammonia solutions is also used. methods using, first of all, chelating extractants.
Autoclave oxidation leaching to produce sulfate solutions is used both for enriched materials (mattes) with the transfer of nickel and other metals into the solution, and for poor pyrrhotium Fe 7 S 8 concentrates. In the latter case, the predominant is oxidized. pyrrhotite, which makes it possible to isolate elemental S and sulfide concentrate, which is further smelted into nickel matte.
