On the FIPI website, the projects of demo versions of the USE-2018 were posted. They are still subject to change. The final, sealed and signed demo versions will be published in November. Nevertheless, based on the demo versions it is already possible to judge what will change in the Unified State Examination tasks and what will remain the same. Our teachers took a closer look at the new demos and gave a quick overview.

Russian language

There was one more task. Before the tasks on the text, a new task 20 was added. It tests knowledge of speech norms and the ability to find lexical errors. This task is a basic level of difficulty and is estimated at 1 point.

The lexical error in this sentence is pleonasm, verbal redundancy. The extra word that needs to be written out is “main” (the word “essence” already means something main, important).

What changed:

Now in the Unified State Examination in the Russian language there are 26 tasks and the numbering of tasks in the text has shifted one point forward. The first part includes tasks 1-25. That's 34 primary points. The second part is an essay, task 26. The maximum number of points for an essay is 24. The total for both parts is 58 points.

Social science

We increased the maximum score and changed the criteria in tasks 28 (plan) and 29 (mini-essay). Now for the plan they give four primary points, for the essay - six. The maximum number of primary points for the entire work has increased from 62 to 64.

Task 28 (plan)

In the new demo for the plan, separate evaluation criteria:

Criterion 28.1. Topic disclosure(2 points)
To get the maximum number of points, you need:

1) include in the plan at least two out of three points that cover the topic in essence;
2) disclose at least one of these points in subparagraphs.

Criterion 28.2. Number of plan items(1 point)
The plan must have at least three points, two of which are detailed in subparagraphs. Only those items that are relevant to the content of the topic are taken into account. Off-topic and abstract paragraphs (such as “Introduction” or “Conclusion”) do not count.

Criterion 28.3. Correctness of the wording of paragraphs and subparagraphs of the plan(1 point)
There should be no errors in the wording of paragraphs and subparagraphs of the plan.

What changed:

• The complex evaluation algorithm (a two-page table) was replaced with three separate criteria - like an essay. Job requirements have become clearer.
• The maximum number of primary points has increased from three to four.

Task 29 (mini essay)

The maximum number of points was increased from five to six. Changed the wording of the task and the evaluation criteria.

Task 29 wording

What changed:

• The "problem" in the assignment statement is no longer mentioned. Previously, this was confusing, since the criteria do not say anything about the formulation of the problem.
• In the task, the requirements for theoretical and factual argumentation were separately prescribed.
• The factual argument must now illustrate the points formulated in the theoretical argument.

Criteria for task 29

The essay is now graded four criteria:

Criterion 29.1. Disclosure of the meaning of the statement(1 point, if not completed, compliance with other criteria is not taken into account and 0 points are given for the entire task)
This is the former K1 criterion. In the new demo version, a condition was added: in order to reveal the meaning of the statement, you need to highlight the main idea or formulate the thesis in the context of the statement.

Criterion 29.2. Theoretical content of the mini-essay(2 points)
This criterion evaluates the coherence of the argumentation: explanations of key concepts, reasoning and theoretical positions should explain the formulated thesis or idea.

Criterion 29.3. The correctness of the use of concepts, theoretical positions, reasoning and conclusions(1 point)
The argument should not contain erroneous statements.

Criterion 29.4. The quality of the facts and examples given(2 points)
As before, you need to give examples from two different sources: the media, other school subjects, facts of personal experience. Examples with factual and semantic errors do not count. New requirement: if both examples are not formulated in detail or are not related to the provisions of theoretical argumentation, zero points are given according to the criterion.

What changed:

• Difficulties were caused by the vague wording "disclosure of meaning" in the first criterion. The evaluation according to this criterion was subjective and depended on the personality of the expert. Now we have added an objective condition: in order to reveal the meaning, you need to highlight the idea or formulate the thesis. The criterion has become clearer.
• The quality of theoretical argumentation is now evaluated according to two criteria, for theoretical argumentation they give more points.
• The requirements for factual argumentation have become more stringent: examples must be detailed and illustrate the provisions of theoretical argumentation.

Literature

We increased the maximum number of points and changed the evaluation criteria in tasks with a detailed answer: 8, 9, 15, 16, 17. The maximum number of primary points for the exam increased from 42 to 57.

Tasks 8 and 15

The maximum score is 4.
Two criteria:

1.The depth of the judgments made and the persuasiveness of the arguments(3 points; if 0 or 1 point, the second criterion is 0 points).
2.Following the rules of speech(1 point).

The maximum score is 5.
Three criteria:

1.Relevance of the answer to the task(1 point; if 0, 0 points for the whole task).
2. (2 points; if 0, the third criterion is also scored 0 points).
3. (2 points).

What changed:

Assessing the “convincingness of arguments” caused big problems; the subjective factor played a significant role here. Now the quality of arguments is assessed in all three criteria: in the first criterion, it is established whether the student answers the question posed in the assignment, in the second - to what extent the arguments are based on the text of the work, in the third - the absence of logical errors in the argumentation.

Tasks 9 and 16

The maximum score is 4.
It was necessary to justify the choice of the work.
Speech errors were not taken into account.
Sophisticated scoring algorithm.

The maximum score is 10.
The choice of work does not need to be justified.
Speech errors are taken into account (criterion 3).
Three criteria:

1.Selection of works for the assignment(4 points; if 0 is given, the entire task is scored 0 points).
2.Comparison of works(4 points; if 0, the entire item is worth 0 points).
3.Factual, logical and verbal accuracy of the answer(2 points).

What changed:

• The maximum score has increased from four to ten. Problems 9 and 16 are more difficult than 8 and 15. The score now takes into account this difference in difficulty level.
• It is not required to justify the choice of the work.
• In addition to factual accuracy, logical and verbal accuracy is also evaluated.

Task 17

The maximum score is 14.
Three essay themes.
Five criteria:

1.The depth of disclosure of the topic of the essay and the persuasiveness of judgments(3 points; if 0, the whole item is worth 0 points).
2.Level of proficiency in theoretical and literary concepts(2 points).
3.The validity of attracting the text of the work(2 points).
4.Compositional integrity and logical presentation(3 points).
5.Following the rules of speech(3 points).

The maximum score is 15.
Four essay themes.
Seven criteria:

1.Relevance of the essay to the topic(1 point; if 0, the whole item is worth 0 points).
2.Argumentation, attraction of the text of the work(2 points).
3.Reliance on theoretical and literary concepts(2 points).
4.Compositional integrity(2 points).
5.Logic(2 points).
6.Factual Accuracy(3 points).
7.Compliance with speech norms(3 points).

USE-2018. Social science.

Demo version.

Evaluation system for assignment No. 29 - essays.

New in the grading system.

The draft demo version of the Unified State Exam 2018 offers, as was the case in past years, 5 topics for mini essays. Each topic is from a specific branch of knowledge: philosophy, economics, sociology (or social psychology), political science and jurisprudence. The graduate writes an essay on one of the proposed topics.

I propose assessment criteria for assignment No. 29 in 2018 with their commentary. I especially note those changes, which are planned (since this is only project) when evaluating task 29.

29.Choose one from the statements below and based on it write mini essay. Designate as you wish one or more main ideas the topic raised by the author and open it (them). When revealing the main idea(s) you have identified, use social science knowledge in your reasoning and conclusions( relevant concepts, theoretical provisions), illustrating them facts and examples from social life and personal social experience, examples from other academic subjects. To illustrate the theoretical positions, reasoning and conclusions you have formulated, please provide at least two facts/examples from various sources. Each fact/example cited must be formulated expanded and is clearly connected with the illustrated position, reasoning, conclusion

№	Criteria for evaluating the answer to task 29	Points
29.1	Disclosure of the meaning of the statement	1
	The meaning of the statement is revealed: the main idea related to the content of the social science course is correctly highlighted and/or a thesis is formulated in the context of the statement, which requires justification	1
	The meaning of the statement is not disclosed: the main idea is not highlighted/the thesis is not formulated	0
	Grading Instructions:If according to criterion 29.1 (disclosure of the meaning of the statement), 0 points, then for all other evaluation criteria, 0 points
29.2	Theoretical content of the mini-essay(Explanation of the key concept(s), the presence of theoretical provisions, reasoning, conclusions)	2
	In the context of each highlighted idea/thesis, an interconnected explanation of the key concept(s), theoretical positions, reasoning, and conclusions are provided.	2
	In the context of each highlighted idea/thesis, separate concepts and/or provisions that are not interconnected by reasoning are given. OR In the answer, along with those related to one or more ideas / theses, concepts and / or provisions that are not related to them are given	1
	There is no theoretical content of the mini-essay (the meaning of key concepts is not explained; theoretical provisions, reasoning, conclusions are absent or not related to the topic)	0
29.3	The correctness of the use of concepts, theoretical positions, reasoning and conclusions	1
	There are no erroneous provisions from the point of view of scientific social science	1
	The answer contains erroneous provisions from the point of view of scientific social science	0
29.4	The quality of the facts and examples given	2
	Grading Instructions: When assessing, only facts / examples that are clearly related to the illustrated position, reasoning, conclusion. When evaluating, only formulated detailed correct facts / examples are counted. Facts/examples containing factual and semantic errors that led to a significant distortion of the essence of the statement and indicate a misunderstanding used historical, literary, geographical and (or) other material are not counted in the assessment.
	At least two facts/examples from various sources are given: media reports, materials of educational subjects (history, literature, geography, etc.), facts of personal social experience and own observations are used. Examples from different subjects are considered as examples from different sources.	2
	Only one fact/example is given. OR Facts/examples are given from sources of the same type	1
	No facts/examples. OR None of the given facts/examples is clearly connected with the illustrated position, reasoning, conclusion. OR None of the given facts/examples are formulated in detail	0
	Maximum score	6

Let's draw conclusions.

New in the grading system for assignment No. 29

• First, the increase in the highest score for task No. 26 immediately attracts attention. Now you can get for it 6 points, and not 5, as it was before (you must agree, every point is so dear to graduates).
• Why is this sixth point given? Behind the correctness of the use of concepts, theoretical positions, reasoning and conclusions. Of course, this was taken into account in previous years. After all, if the theoretical provisions were erroneous, then the points for the theoretical content of the essay decreased. However, if there were no such errors, then points were NOT added. In 2018, such an opportunity appeared for those students who scientifically true substantiated theoretical positions. This is a huge plus.
• The remaining criteria have not been changed.

Thus, the plan of the mini-essay is as follows:

• Disclosure of the meaning of the statement (this may be the selection of one or more ideas, problems, thesis that needs to be proved)
• Theoretical substantiation of key concepts, ideas, problems (that is, proof from a theoretical point of view, without examples yet)
• Arguments. They should be at least two, but necessarily from different sources. For example, different examples, but from history, this is one argument.
• Of course, it is necessary to draw a conclusion, to summarize what was said from the quote.

Thus, a guideline has been given to you, you can prepare for the exam. Of course, this is still a KIM project. Perhaps there will be changes in the final version. Well, we will follow the news on the FIPI website.

Good luck, graduates!

Melnikova Vera Alexandrovna

Social science is one of the most popular USE subjects, because a certificate with good scores in this subject opens up wide opportunities for entering highly rated universities in a variety of faculties.

If you have confidently opted for social studies or decided to take tests in this discipline, considering it easier than a number of other subjects in the school curriculum, we suggest you find out:

Although, for most schoolchildren, social science seems to be a fairly simple subject, the statistics of the results of the unified state exam shows that not all test subjects easily get high scores. Why?

If we discard the fact that social science as a third subject is quite often chosen by 11th graders who have not yet decided on the desired direction of further education, then there are three reasons for not very successful passing the exam:

1. Coverage in tickets of a fairly large number of topics included in the course of such subjects as: economics, politics, law, sociology and philosophy.
2. Many schoolchildren lack the ability to quickly work with information presented in the form of tables and graphs.
3. Essay writing problems.

It is a short essay-reasoning, in which graduates need not only to reveal the meaning of the statement, but also to argue their reasoning, skillfully operating with concepts from different topics based on personal experience, that causes difficulties for most graduates. But, in fact, everything is quite simple if you devote some time to preparing for the exam.

Where to begin?

• Find out what essay topics will be offered at the Unified State Examination in Social Studies in 2018.
• Explore each of the possible topics.
• Make a basic plan that will help you quickly and competently write an essay on social studies and successfully enter the desired university in 2018.

Essay topics for the USE 2018 in social studies

No one can say exactly which topic will be offered to graduates in 2018, since it is announced after the envelope is opened on the day of the exam. But, you can prepare well for an essay, because all possible topics are in the collection, from which assignments for the Unified State Exam in social studies will be taken in 2018.

You can familiarize yourself with the topics and issues of various modules included in social studies on the page of our portal or save the pdf file to your computer. You can open files of this format with special programs or simply through any browser installed on your PC.

Drawing up a plan for an essay on social studies

Regardless of the direction and topic, the essay should have the following structure:

1. Main quote.
2. The problem and its relevance.
3. Disclosure of the essence of the statement.
4. The essay writer's view of the problem being addressed.
5. theoretical reasoning.
6. Examples from personal experience or social practice, history or literature.
7. Short conclusion.

Try to find quotes for each topic. But keep in mind that the choice of quote must be justified and supported by further reasoning and examples.

To reveal the relevance of the problem, use cliché phrases:

For the correct disclosure of the content of the chosen topic, it is necessary:

1. periodically return to the topic in different paragraphs of the essay;
2. add brief information about the author of the statement;
3. try not to go beyond the topic;
4. do not dilute the text with facts and arguments that are not related to the chosen topic;
5. describe different views on the problem and existing solutions.

An essay plan will help you not to deviate during the USE 2018 in social studies from the intended path, according to which you can easily write an essay-reasoning step by step.

When formulating the main idea, do not completely repeat the statement, but use the appropriate clichés:

• “The meaning of the statement is that…”
• “The author is absolutely convinced that…”
• “The author is trying to draw attention to the fact that…”

When expressing your opinion, do not rush to take the side of the author. You can agree with him only partially or even argue, providing weighty arguments in favor of your position. Depending on the chosen direction, phrases can be used in the block:

It is necessary to argue your opinion at the theoretical and empirical levels. Therefore, when drawing up your plan for an essay for the USE in 2018, be sure to prepare examples from life, theoretical material from various topics in social science, as well as historical facts.

A conclusion is 1-2 sentences that summarize the reasoning.

Teacher advice! Working through each topic, make yourself reference tables for each statement, in which write down 1-2 sentences for each item of the plan.

Assessment of essays in social studies

For a well-written reasoning, a graduate can get a maximum of 5 points.

In total, when scoring an essay, the following are evaluated:

Important! If the meaning of the statement is incorrectly revealed, then the essay is not further checked and 0 points are given for completing this task.

There is still a lot of time before the start of the Unified State Exam 2018, which means that it is more than realistic to learn how to correctly plan for writing an essay and learn the theory of social science. The main thing is to set a goal for yourself and strive to achieve it through daily classes and tireless training in writing quality essays.

Also look at video to change the ESSAY in social studies:

Secondary general education

Social science. Line UMK ed. G.A. Bordovsky (VENTANA-GRAF)

Line UMK G. A. Bordovsky. Social studies (6-9)

Social science

Preparation for the Unified State Exam: social studies essay

This year, the criteria for assessing the Unified State Examination in social studies have undergone changes. Olga Soboleva, one of our authors, Deputy Chairman of the Subject Committee of the Unified State Examination on Social Studies of St. Petersburg, talks about how the essay will now be evaluated, as well as about common mistakes made by students.

Changed evaluation criteria

This is not the first time that the Russian Textbook corporation has invited specialists to talk about assignment No. 29 from the Unified State Examination in social science. Current information is constantly transformed and supplemented. For example, this year the wording of the task has changed. The word "problem" was replaced by the concept of "idea", and the student can work out not all the ideas of the statement, but one of them. The evaluation criteria have changed significantly:

• 29.1 Previously, the child could show his understanding of the topic in the general context of the essay. In 2018, for this it will be necessary to highlight and formulate the ideas of the statement. If the requirement is not met, the entire essay will receive 0 points.
• 29.2 A perfect score will not be obtained if the theoretical reasoning is unrelated. Since all statements are different, it is impossible to say exactly how many concepts should be disclosed. But for a good grade, of course, you need to highlight all the theses.
• 29.3 Previously, the point was deducted for the presence of errors, now it is awarded as a bonus for their absence.
• 29.4 It is still necessary to give two factual arguments from different sources, but now these examples need to be presented in detail and indicate how they relate to the statement.

Thus, the criteria became more. Maximum points for an essay in 2018: 6.

Let's take into account one more important change. Previously, a serious requirement was the correspondence of the content to one science. But since the boundaries of the sciences are arbitrary, now students can consider topics in different contexts, and this will not be a mistake. Let's take, for example, a statement from law: "Complete obedience to the law of kindness will eliminate the need for government and the state (O. Frontingham)" - it can also be attributed to politics, sociology, and philosophy.

Common Mistakes

Let's highlight the main difficulties that students face in task number 29.

• Topic selection

The student is offered 5 essay topics. How to make the right choice:

• Understand that the main criterion is the ability to fulfill all the requirements.
• Determine in advance for yourself the basic science. Be prepared for a change of choice: in the exam, a topic in this science may not be acceptable. When preparing, use the lists of topics presented on the Internet.
• Ceteris paribus, do not choose figurative themes. Every year there are formulations that even excellent students cannot cope with. For example: "The family is the crystal of society (V. Hugo)".
• Focus on your abilities and characteristics, and not on the recommendations of the teacher. The teacher may have a biased attitude towards certain topics. The opinions of experts about the “convenience” and “inconvenience” of topics differ.

• Focus on other items

Often students try to comply with the requirements for essays in other subjects in an essay on social science. This not only does not help, but also increases the likelihood of an error. In reality, the following are not taken into account:

• volume (the ability to express thoughts concisely is a plus),
• grammatical errors (but not in cases where they affect the meaning),
• structure,
• style (no longer an essay),
• correct problem statement
• knowledge about the author of the statement (can be entered, but this is not evaluated),
• moral / ideological position (however, one cannot violate the laws of the Russian Federation and it is not recommended to express sharp positions on any topic).

• Rewriting the theme

Unfortunately, even excellent students sometimes incorrectly rewrite the topic due to excitement. An error can be the omission of a word, the omission or addition of the “not” particle, the omission or replacement of a letter, the omission or addition of a return particle, the change of punctuation marks. All this changes the meaning of the topic and leads to 0 for the essay.

• Template phrases

Some of the wording often looks silly and irritates experts. For example, "a problem that is relevant at all times", "the topic opens up a huge scope for reflection" and others. This does not mean that they should definitely be avoided. The main thing is that everything in the text is appropriate and logical.

• Wrong Examples

What doesn't count:

• Speculation (“what would have been”).
• Invented examples.
• Facts that are not facts.
• Examples are not specific.
• Examples that are more like theories.
• An example with factual errors.
• Examples are not within the scope of the presented theory.
• Examples that refute the student’s own theoretical positions.
• Model examples (but there may be exceptions).
• Examples from one type of source.

• Homemade preparations

In many works there are unnecessary provisions. For example, the definition of society, the inappropriate use of the definition of science - this in most cases spoils the work and displeases experts.

FAQ

Consider also common questions about the content of the text.

Do I need to agree with the author? Not necessary. Of course, there are statements about the relativity of phenomena with which it is impossible to disagree, for example: “Society does not necessarily correspond to political boundaries (S. Turner).” But there are also provocative phrases that are very difficult to agree with. In any case, the argumentation should show the examinee’s attitude to the topic.

How to formulate the meaning of the statement and how many ideas are better to reveal? It all depends on the specific statement. It is better to narrow the study of the aspect to one science.

Is it possible to isolate only part of the statement? Experts believe that it is impossible, since the statement carries a certain meaning. The student must show that he understands the entire statement, even if he wants to focus on one part of it.

How to learn theoretical positions? When you can’t understand and assimilate, you can use a simple technique: “Write it down correctly.” The student must quickly find and copy from the textbook theoretical justifications on a specific topic - this will help remember the provisions.

Preparation Methods

In the publications of the Russian Textbook corporation, the system of preparation for writing essays in social studies is fully implemented. The authors present reminders, examples, lists of topics, as well as algorithms for the step-by-step formation of the necessary skills.

Experts are often asked how many essays they need to write when preparing. Answer: as many as possible to “fill your hand”, and up to 5 pieces for the highest score. In addition to training, it is useful for the student to keep a collection of information on selected topics, view sample essays on thematic sites, and check work with the teacher using trial criteria.

The manual is designed for independent or under the guidance of a teacher preparing schoolchildren and applicants for the exam. It fully includes the material of the course of social science, which is checked at the exam. The theoretical part of the manual is presented in a concise and accessible form. A large number of diagrams and tables makes it easy and quick to navigate the topic and find the information you need. Training tasks correspond to the modern format of the Unified State Examination, all changes in the content of the examination work made in recent years are taken into account.

The Unified State Exam essay in social studies is considered one of the most difficult tasks when passing the exam. According to statistics, only every sixth graduate copes with it. For completing the task, you can score from 3 to 5 points. To avoid losing them, it is extremely important to carefully prepare for the written part of the exam. Let's look further at some examples of typical mistakes when performing this task.

Verification Criteria

An essay on the exam in social science is written according to one of the selected statements. The assignment contains six quotations. Ready essays in social studies are evaluated in stages. The first and most important criterion is K1. The disclosure of the meaning of the selected statement is evaluated. If the graduate does not identify the problem posed by the author, the examiner gives zero points for criterion K1. Ready essays on social studies in such cases are not further evaluated. For the rest of the criteria, the examiner automatically puts zero points.

Social Studies Essay Structure

The task is performed according to the following scheme:

1. Quote.
2. Definition of the problem raised by the author, its relevance.
3. Meaning of the selected statement.
4. Expressing one's own point of view.
5. Using arguments at the theoretical level.
6. Provide at least two examples from social practice, literature/history that confirm the correctness of the judgments made.
7. Conclusion.

Quote selection

When determining the topic on which an essay on the Unified State Exam in social studies will be written, the graduate must be sure that he:

1. Owns the basic concepts of the subject.
2. Clearly understands the meaning of the quotation used.
3. Can express his opinion (partially or completely agree with the chosen statement, refute it).
4. He knows the social science terms that are necessary for a competent justification of his own position at the level of theory. Here it is necessary to take into account that the chosen concepts should not go beyond the scope of the topic for an essay on social science. You must use the appropriate terms.
5. Can support own opinion with practical examples from social life or literature/history.

Problem Definition

Examples should be given here. An essay in social studies (USE) can reveal problems from the areas of:

• Philosophy.
• Families.
• Sociology.
• Political Science.
• jurisprudence.
• Economics and so on.

Problems in the philosophical aspect:

• Relationship between consciousness and matter.
• Development and movement as ways of existence.
• Infinity of the cognitive process.
• The relationship between nature and society.
• Theoretical and empirical levels of scientific knowledge.
• Spiritual and material aspects of social life, their correlation.
• Culture as a transformative activity of people in general.
• Essence of civilization and so on.

Social Studies Essay: Sociology

When writing, you can uncover the following problems:

• Social struggle and inequality.
• The ratio of subjective and objective factors influencing the processes in people's lives.
• The value of material and spiritual values.
• Preservation of stability in public life.
• Features of the city.
• Youth as a community.
• The social nature of thinking, knowledge, people's activities.
• The interaction of society and religion.
• Features of the socialization of young generations.
• Historically developed inequality of men and women.
• organizations.
• and so on.

Psychology

As part of writing an essay on social science, a person can act as a key object of research. In this case, problems such as:

• Interpersonal communication, essence and tasks to be solved.
• Psychological climate in the team.
• The relationship between an individual and a separate group.
• Norms, roles, personality status.
• national identity.
• The value of the communication process.
• The essence of social conflict.
• Inconsistency between the claims and capabilities of the individual.
• Sources of social progress.
• Family.

An essay on social science may also touch on the specific functions of the science in question.

Political science

Within the framework of this topic for an essay on social studies, problems can be revealed:

• authoritarian regime.
• The subjects of politics.
• Places and roles of the state in the system.
• Modern political interactions.
• totalitarian regime.
• Correlation between politics, law and the sphere of economy.
• The origin of the state.
• The political regime (through the disclosure of its concepts and features).
• state sovereignty.
• Civil society (through the disclosure of the structure, features, concepts).
• Party systems.
• Socio-political movements, pressure groups.
• Essences of a democratic regime.
• Mutual responsibility of the individual and the state.
• political pluralism.
• Separation of powers as a principle of the rule of law.
• and so on.

economic system

Another common science that can address issues in a social studies essay is economics. In this case, questions such as:

• The contradiction between the unlimited needs of people and the limited resources.
• Production factors and their significance.
• Capital as an economic resource.
• The essence and functions of the monetary system.
• Efficient use of existing resources.
• The meaning of division of labor.
• The role of trade in the process of social development.
• Efficiency and production incentives.
• The essence of market relations.
• State regulation of the economy, etc.

Legal discipline

Within science, a number of key problems can be identified and any of them can be addressed in a social studies essay:

• Law as a regulator of people's lives.
• The essence and specific features of the state.
• The social significance of law.
• The political system and the definition of the role of the state in it.
• Similarities and differences of morality and law.
• Social state: concept and features.
• Legal nihilism and methods of its overcoming.
• Civil society and the state.
• The concept, signs and composition of offenses, classification.
• Legal culture and so on.

cliché phrases

In addition to revealing the problem, the structure of the social studies essay suggests an indication of its relevance in the modern world. To effectively implement this task, you can introduce cliche phrases into your text: “Given in the conditions ...

• globalization of relations in society;
• the controversial nature of inventions and scientific discoveries;
• exacerbation of global problems;
• formation of a single economic, educational, information field;
• rigid differentiation in society;
• dialogue of cultures;
• modern market;
• the need to preserve traditional cultural values ​​and the nation’s own identity.”

Important point

In an essay on the Unified State Examination in social science, as, indeed, in written assignments in other subjects, one should periodically return to the problem raised. This is necessary for its most complete disclosure. In addition, periodic mention of the problem will allow you to stay within the topic, prevent reasoning and the use of terms that are not related to the selected statement. The latter, in particular, is one of the common mistakes graduates make.

Main thought

In this part of the essay on the Unified State Exam in social studies, the essence of the statement should be revealed. However, it should not be repeated verbatim. You can also use cliche phrases here:

• "The author is convinced that..."
• "The meaning of this statement is..."
• "The author focuses on..."

Determining your own position

In an essay on the Unified State Exam in social studies, one can agree with the author's opinion in part or in full. In the first case, it is necessary to reasonably refute the part with which the opinion contradicted. Also, the writer can completely deny the statement or argue with the author. You can also use a cliche here:

• “I agree with the author’s opinion that...”
• "In part, I adhere to the expressed point of view about ..., but I can not agree with ... ".
• the author clearly reflected the picture of modern society (the situation in Russia, one of the problems in the modern world) ... "
• “I beg to differ with the author’s position that...”

Arguments

An essay on the Unified State Examination in social science should contain a rationale for the expressed opinion of the writer. In this part, it is necessary to recall the key terms related to the problem, theoretical provisions. Argumentation should be carried out on two levels:

1. Theoretical. In this case, social science knowledge (opinions of thinkers / scientists, definitions, concepts, directions of concepts, terms, relationships, etc.) will act as the basis.
2. empirical. Two options are allowed here: use events from your life or examples from literature, social life, history.

In the process of selecting facts that will serve as an argument for one's own position, it is necessary to answer the following questions:

1. Do examples support the opinion expressed?
2. Do they agree with the stated thesis?
3. Can they be interpreted in another way?
4. Are the facts convincing?

Following this scheme, you can control the adequacy of the examples and prevent deviation from the topic.

Conclusion

He must complete the essay. The conclusion summarizes the main ideas, sums up the reasoning, confirms the correctness or incorrectness of the statement. He should not literally convey the quote that has become the subject of the essay. When formulating, you can use the following clichés:

• "Summarizing, I would like to note…"
• “Thus, we can conclude that…”

Decor

We should not forget that an essay is a small essay. It must have a semantic unity. In this regard, a coherent text should be formed and logical transitions should be used. Also, do not forget about the correct spelling of terms. It is advisable to break the text into paragraphs, each of which reflects a separate idea. You must follow the red line.

additional information

Essays can include:

• Brief information about the author of the quote. For example, information that he is an “outstanding Russian scientist,” “a famous French educator,” “the founder of an idealistic concept,” and so on.
• An indication of alternative ways to solve the problem.
• Description of different opinions or approaches to the issue.
• An indication of the polysemy of concepts and terms that are used in the text with justification for the meaning in which they were applied.

Job Requirements

Among the variety of existing approaches to writing technology, a number of conditions that must be met should be highlighted:

1. Adequate understanding of the meaning of the statement and the problem.
2. Relevance of the text to the question raised.
3. Identification and disclosure of key aspects pointed out by the author of the statement.
4. A clear definition of your own opinion, attitude to the problem, to the position expressed in the quote.
5. Correspondence of disclosure of aspects to the given scientific context.
6. The theoretical level of substantiation of one's own opinion.
7. The presence of meaningful facts of personal experience, social behavior, social life.
8. Logic in reasoning.
9. Absence of terminological, ethnic, factual and other errors.
10. Compliance with language norms and genre requirements.

There are no strict limits on the length of the essay. It depends on the complexity of the topic, the nature of thinking, experience, and the level of preparation of the graduate.

Mistakes in formulating the problem

The most common shortcomings are:

1. Misunderstanding and inability to identify the problem in a statement. On the one hand, this is due to an insufficient amount of knowledge in the discipline to which the statement belongs, and on the other hand, to an attempt to fit the previously reviewed, written or read works to the identified issue.
2. Failure to articulate the problem. This error is associated, as a rule, with a small vocabulary and terminology in the basic sciences.
3. Inability to formulate the essence of the quote. It is explained by a misunderstanding or misunderstanding of the content of the statement and the lack of the necessary social science knowledge.
4. Replacing the problem with the position of the author. This error occurs due to the fact that the graduate does not see and does not understand the difference between them. The problem in the essay is the topic on which the author argues. It is always voluminous and extensive. Different opinions can be expressed on it, often completely opposite. The meaning of the statement is the personal position of the author on the problem. The quote is just one of many opinions.

Shortcomings in defining and justifying one's position

The absence of arguments confirming the position of the graduate indicates ignorance or ignorance of the requirements for the structure of the essay. Common mistakes in the use of concepts are unjustified narrowing or expansion of the meaning of the term, substitution of some definitions for others. Incorrect work with information indicates the inability to analyze experience. Often the examples that are given in the text are weakly related to the problem. The lack of critical perception of information received from the Internet, the media leads to the use of unverified and unreliable facts as justifications. Another common mistake is the one-sided view of certain social phenomena, indicating the inability to identify and formulate cause-and-effect relationships.