Requirements for an essay on social studies fipi. Now in more detail about the structure

15.08.202327.05.2017

How to write an essay on social studies?

An essay is a short essay-reasoning, the features of which are brevity, freedom in choosing a topic and presenting the material. Let's talk more about how to write an essay on social studies.

The purpose of the essay is to convey information about something and explain the phenomena described. The essay lacks a storyline and characters. The point of view that the author expresses in the essay can be individual and innovative. His opinion, according to the tradition of the genre, may concern philosophy, sociology, criticism and other branches.

The main features of the genre

An essay on social studies has its own characteristics that distinguish it from other subjects. The most important feature is that this is a creative essay on a specific problem. The issues considered in the work may be related to the basic social sciences. The student must carefully study the problems of each individual branch of science. In particular:

philosophy;
social psychology;
sociology;
economy;
political science;
jurisprudence.

The student needs to briefly state his understanding of the problem and support his point of view with facts. In the work, it is desirable to provide weighty arguments, operate with social science terms, and also show good theoretical knowledge.

Students are required to:

in writing, clearly and competently state their reasoning regarding a specific problem;
express creative thinking on their own.

Essay writing structure

Introduction. Briefly describe the problem area on the chosen topic, consider the relevance of the topic at the moment, express your own opinion.
Main part. Open the topic of the essay, give a detailed answer to the main question, defend your point of view with arguments. Rules regarding paragraphs: one paragraph - one opinion.
Conclusion. Combine the conclusions, repeat the main statements and, if possible, select quotes for them.

How to prepare for the exam

First of all, each student must understand that it will take him a lot of time to learn how to write an essay on social studies. If he does not prepare in advance, he will not be able to write an essay on this subject. Good results can only come after two or three months of hard work. Only systematic training and stability will help to cope with this task.

When preparing for the exam, school textbooks in social science will not be enough. Social science is a science that studies society and the social processes taking place in it. It also includes other branches of science. Therefore, you will need literature that summarizes the material covered.

Baranov P.A. "Social science. A complete guide to preparing for the exam.
Kishenkova O.V. “Preparation for the exam. The highest level of quality. Unified State Examination in Social Science.
Klimenko A., Romanian V. "Social Science".
Kravchenko A.I. "Social science".
"Social science: a textbook for applicants" edited by Yu. Yu. Petrunin.
Dictionaries on social science, sociology, political science.
Frantsuzova O.A. "Handbook on Social Studies".

Internet resources:

Learning terminology

In preparation for the exam, study the basic terms and concepts in social science. For example, you can do it in the form of a table. In the left column, write down the concepts and terms, in the right - their meanings.

To keep abreast of all social events, take a daily interest in the news results of the day. It is necessary to get into the habit of taking an interest in the events of the world every day. For example, read newspapers, watch news and analytical programs. All this, of course, will help to cope with the exam in social studies.

How to write an essay on social studies

The work of writing an essay on social studies begins with the choice of a topic. The topics that are provided in the exam are a kind of aphorisms. The reaction of a person to them can be ambiguous. They can encourage discussion, certain reasoning.

First of all, carefully and concentratedly read all the topics offered to choose from. Choose the topic that you know and have mastered the best.
Choosing an essay topic is a responsible task. The student must be confident that he:
- has good knowledge of the science to which his topic relates;
- will be able to understand the essence of the statement and formulate his point of view;
- knows the basic social science terms in order to theoretically analyze the chosen topic;
- will give examples from history, the life of society, in order to defend his position.
Express your personal opinion on the chosen topic; this is assessed by the examiners first.
State your own understanding of other people's statements. For example: "I completely agree with the author" or "I do not agree with the opinion of the author."
Support your point of view with arguments. Evidence must be substantiated, accurate, convincing, so that no one can doubt their indisputability. State your arguments in strict order. Do not jump without explanation from one place of events to another. As evidence, you can use facts from the life of society.
Competently and appropriately use the basic terms, concepts, definitions in the essay. No need to overload the essay with terminology too much. Everything must be mentioned in its place.
If possible, write what other researchers think about your problem, what is their opinion.
Briefly summarize the above.

Criteria for assessment in social studies:

the student must know the basic social science terms and use them correctly in their work;
be able to characterize, explain and compare most social objects and processes;
use your own illustrations to the basics of the theory;
personal analysis and evaluation of social facts is also important.

A student will receive a high score if:

reveal the problems of the essay at the level of theory;
formulate and defend his author's position;
his opinion will be based on social processes and on personal experience in the life of society;
will prove the ability to analyze facts.

Another article from our site to help you

Tips for working with task C9.

When choosing a topic, the graduate should be guided by the following considerations: “I am sure that ...

1) I understand the meaning of the statement;
2) I know what the main problems of social science are related to this topic;
3) I can express my attitude to the statement;
4) I know the terms;
5) I will be able to give examples from history, social life, and my own experience.”

1) an essay should begin with a clear and precise definition of a personal position: “I agree (on) with this opinion”; "I cannot join this statement"; “In this statement there is something with which I agree (on), and that. which seems debatable to me”;
2) in the next sentence it is appropriate to formulate an understanding of the statement that has become the topic of the essay;
3) the main part of the essay is a relatively detailed presentation of your own opinion regarding the problem posed;
4) it is advisable that each paragraph of the essay contains only one main idea;
5) the final sentence (paragraph) sums up the results of the work.

Example 1

"It is not the art of acquiring that should be learned, but the art of spending." (I. Sgobey)
1. The author argues that the consumer needs to learn how to rationally spend their income before purchasing goods and services.
2. We are talking about issues related to the economy of consumption.
3. I fully agree (disagree) with this statement.
4. Terms: income and expenses, limited resources, family budget, consumer behavior, consumption patterns.
5. Examples: Russian nobles of the 18th - early 20th centuries, who lived "beyond their means"; some "new Russians" of the 1990s

Additional information welcome:

1) brief information about the author of the statement (for example: I. Kant, the founder of German classical philosophy);
2) the names of his predecessors, followers or scientific opponents;
3) descriptions of different points of view on the problem or different approaches to its solution;
4) indications of the ambiguity of the concepts and terms used with the rationale for the meaning in which they are used in the essay;
5) indications of alternative solutions to the problem.

So the topic has been chosen. The next step is to properly structure your thoughts. In general, the structure of an essay might look like this.

“The human soul can be buried under a pile of money” (N. Hawthorne, American writer, 19th century)

1. Once again write the title of the topic and the name of the author.
I paragraph
The statement of N. Hawthorne, an American writer, points to the problem of human immorality. This problem is relevant for modern society. In our time, immorality has so strongly "merged" into a person's personality that it leads to the commission of crimes.

II paragraph
Representing the author's point of view on the problem. The outstanding American writer N. Hawthorne in his statement speaks of the influence of money on a person's life, on his character, on his moral qualities. One cannot but agree with the point of view of N. Hawthorne. Becoming richer, a person "loses" his moral and ethical qualities. By getting money, a person gets power. And having gained power over others, a person loses all rationality.

III paragraph(theoretical substantiation of the point of view)
Morality is the degree of assimilation by a person of the moral values of society. The moral consciousness of a person is a reflection in the consciousness of a person of an attitude to moral standards. This statement can be confirmed by the statements (opinions) of famous people (examples are given - quotes). Many active personalities talked about human morality, for example. Carlisle Thomas, who argued that "Cash is not the only connection between man and man". There are statements about that “money has no morality”, “money spoils a person”. And it's hard to resist. In fact, that's exactly what it is.

IV. Examples
The problem of the influence of money on a person was also touched upon by famous writers. In his story “The Hero of Our Time”, M. Yu. Lermontov reveals the essence of people who set the goal at the head of everything - to get wealth at any cost. So. the brother of the main character, in order to get a horse, decided to give his own sister to a gypsy, while at the same time coming up with a plan according to which it was conditionally impossible to implicate him in committing an inhuman act.

V. Argumentation(own experience).

The influence of money on a person can be observed in everyday life, one has only to turn on the TV. On any channel, you can see news that talks about a crime committed for selfish purposes. How many trials are shown in which relatives go to extreme measures (including murder) in order to obtain a will.

VI. Conclusion

Returning to the topic, I can say that the problem of immorality in the country, as it was, will remain until then. until the state establishes supervision over the observance of moral norms, since the problem of immorality is too great and cannot be “destroyed” without state intervention.

For other essay materials and more, see the section

Mini-essay on the exam in social studies - an alternative task. This means that the exam participant can choose from several proposed options the one that is closer and more interesting to him.

Essay topics are short quotes - aphorisms related to the five blocks of the curriculum, one for each. The thematic directions of statements are as follows:

Philosophy,
Economy,
Sociology, social psychology,
Political science,
Jurisprudence.

Of the five statements, you need to choose only one (the closest or most understandable) and write a mini-essay that reveals the meaning of the chosen aphorism and contains illustration examples.

The “weight” of an essay on social studies in the final scores is quite small: about 8% of the total scores. A perfectly written paper can bring only 5 primary points out of 62 possible, about 8%. Therefore, you should not approach the work as fundamentally as when writing an essay on the Russian language or essays on literature.

The compilers of the exam themselves suggest taking 36-45 minutes to write an essay on social science (this is the time period indicated in the specification). For comparison: an essay on the Russian language has 110 minutes, a full-length essay on literature - 115.

All this suggests that the approach to social science should be different: there is no need to create a “masterpiece”, there are no mandatory requirements for the style of presentation (and even literacy), and even the amount of work is not regulated. It is not necessary to write 150-350 words of text here: after all, the task is positioned as a “mini-essay” and if you manage to describe the idea briefly and succinctly, this will only be welcome.

It is enough to simply demonstrate knowledge of the subject and the ability to find suitable examples that support your point of view - and coherently and convincingly state your thoughts on the examination form.

Criteria for evaluating an essay in social science at the Unified State Examination

The essay is evaluated by only three according to three criteria. To earn the maximum five points, the following "required minimum" must be met:

Reveal the meaning of the original statement, or at least demonstrate that you correctly understood what its author meant (1 point). This is a key point: if you did not understand the quote and received 0 points for the first criterion, the work will not be evaluated further.

Demonstrate knowledge of theory(2 points). Here, in order to get a high mark, it is necessary to analyze the meaning of the statement, using the knowledge gained during the study of the school course of social science, remember the main points of the theory, and use the terminology correctly. Incomplete compliance with the requirements, deviation from the original topic or semantic errors will lead to the loss of one point.

Ability to find appropriate examples(2 points). To obtain the highest mark on this criterion, it is necessary to illustrate the problem with two (at least) examples - facts that confirm the main idea of the essay. Moreover, they must be from sources of different types. Sources can be

examples from fiction, feature films and documentaries;
examples from popular science literature, history of different branches of science;
historical facts;
facts learned while studying other school subjects;
personal experience and observations;
media messages.

If only personal experience is used as examples or examples of the same type are given (for example, both are from fiction), the score is reduced by a point. Zero for this criterion is set if the examples do not correspond to the topic or if there is no information at all.

Plan for writing an essay on social studies

There are no strict requirements for the structure of the essay - the main thing is to reveal the meaning of the statement, demonstrate knowledge of the theory and back it up with facts. However, despite the fact that there is not much time for reflection, you can stick to a standard essay plan that includes all the necessary elements.

1. The optional part is the introduction. General statement of the problem (one or two sentences). In an essay on social science, this point of the plan can be omitted and immediately proceed to the interpretation of the proposed aphorism, however, it is often difficult for schoolchildren to deviate from the usual compositional scheme when the “core of the matter” is preceded by general reasoning. Therefore, if you are used to starting with an introduction - write it, if this is not important for you - you can omit this item, points for this do not decrease.

2. Revealing the meaning of the original statement- 2-3 sentences. It is not necessary to quote in full, it is enough to refer to its author and state the meaning of the phrase in your own words. It must be remembered that, unlike an essay in Russian, where it is necessary to isolate the problem, an essay on social science can be devoted to a phenomenon, a process, or simply a statement of fact. To reveal the meaning of the statement, you can use templates like “In the proposed statement N.N (a famous philosopher, economist, famous writer) considers (describes, talks about ...) such a phenomenon (process, problem) as ..., interpreting it as ...” or “The meaning of the statement ( expressions, aphorisms) N. N is that ... "

3. Theoretical part(3-4 sentences). Here it is necessary to confirm or refute the author's point of view, based on the knowledge gained in the lessons and using special terminology. If you agree with the author’s point of view, then by and large this part is a detailed translation of the original phrase into the “textbook language”. For example, if the author called children's games in the yard a "school of life" - you will write about what socialization institutions are and the role they play in the process of assimilation of social norms by an individual. Here you can also quote other philosophers, economists, etc., confirming the main idea of the text - however, this is not a mandatory requirement.

4. Actual part(4-6 sentences). Here it is necessary to give at least two examples confirming the theses put forward in the previous paragraph. In this part, it is better to avoid "general words" and talk about specifics. And do not forget to indicate the sources of information. For example, “experiments devoted to” have been repeatedly described in the popular science literature; “as we know from the school physics course…”, “writer N,N. in his novel “Untitled” describes the situation…”, “on the supermarket shelves in front of my school you can see…”.

5. Conclusion(1-2 sentences). Since an essay on social science at the Unified State Examination, by and large, is proof of a certain theoretical position, you can complete the essay by summing up what has been said. For example: “Thus, both real-life examples and reader experience allow us to assert that ...”, followed by a reformulated main thesis.

remember, that the main thing is to correctly reveal the meaning of the statement. Therefore, choosing from the proposed options, take a quote, the interpretation of which does not cause you any doubts.

Before you start writing, remember the terminology on this topic. Write them down on a draft form so that you can use them later in your work.

Choose the most suitable examples on this topic. Remember that examples from literature may not be limited to the works of the school curriculum - in the social studies exam, you can use any literary works as arguments. Do not forget that relying on the reader's experience in the case of social science is not a priority: remember cases from life; news heard on the radio; topics discussed in society and so on. Selected examples also write down on the draft form.

Since literacy, style and composition of the text are not evaluated - if you are confident enough to express your thoughts in writing, it is better not to waste time writing a full draft text. Limit yourself to drawing up a thesis plan and write straight away- this will save time.

Proceed to the essay after you have answered all the other questions– otherwise, you may “not fit in” in time and lose more points than you gain. For example, the first four tasks with detailed answers (based on the text read) can give a total of 10 primary points (twice as much as an essay), and formulating answers to them usually takes much less time than writing a mini-essay.

If you "swim" in the subject and you feel that you can’t write an essay for the maximum points - do this task anyway. Every score is important - and even if you only manage to correctly formulate the topic and give at least one example “from life” - you will receive two primary points for an essay on social science at the Unified State Examination, which is much better than zero.

Essay similar to an essay, usually has a free composition and a small size. Although the task should seem easy, for some reason it frightens the students and takes them by surprise.

You will need

- educational literature;
- computer.

Instruction

Think of a rough work plan. As a rule, an essay consists of a short introduction, which reveals the essence of the topic; the main part, which sets out the opinions of scientists on the subject of the story; the attitude of the author of the work to these opinions, as well as the conclusion, which gives brief conclusions about the study. The last page of the essay indicates the sources used for it.

Select the required material. Write down the different points of view of scientists on the chosen topic on paper and note the order in which statements are used in the work.

Essay topics for the USE 2018 in social studies

No one can say exactly which topic will be offered to graduates in 2018, since it is announced after the envelope is opened on the day of the exam. But, you can prepare well for an essay, because all possible topics are in the collection, from which assignments for the Unified State Exam in social studies will be taken in 2018.

You can familiarize yourself with the topics and issues of various modules included in social studies on the page of our portal or save the pdf file to your computer. You can open files of this format with special programs or simply through any browser installed on your PC.

Drawing up a plan for an essay on social studies

Regardless of the direction and topic, the essay should have the following structure:

Main quote.
The problem and its relevance.
Disclosure of the essence of the statement.
The essay writer's view of the problem being addressed.
theoretical reasoning.
Examples from personal experience or social practice, history or literature.
Short conclusion.

Try to find quotes for each topic. But keep in mind that the choice of quote must be justified and supported by further reasoning and examples.

To reveal the relevance of the problem, use cliché phrases:

For the correct disclosure of the content of the chosen topic, it is necessary:

periodically return to the topic in different paragraphs of the essay;
add brief information about the author of the statement;
try not to go beyond the topic;
do not dilute the text with facts and arguments that are not related to the chosen topic;
describe different views on the problem and existing solutions.

An essay plan will help you not to deviate during the USE 2018 in social studies from the intended path, according to which you can easily write an essay-reasoning step by step.

When formulating the main idea, do not completely repeat the statement, but use the appropriate clichés:

“The meaning of the statement is that…”
“The author is absolutely convinced that…”
“The author is trying to draw attention to the fact that…”

When expressing your opinion, do not rush to take the side of the author. You can agree with him only partially or even argue, providing weighty arguments in favor of your position. Depending on the chosen direction, phrases can be used in the block:

It is necessary to argue your opinion at the theoretical and empirical levels. Therefore, when drawing up your plan for an essay for the USE in 2018, be sure to prepare examples from life, theoretical material from various topics in social science, as well as historical facts.

A conclusion is 1-2 sentences that summarize the reasoning.

Teacher advice! Working through each topic, make yourself reference tables for each statement, in which write down 1-2 sentences for each item of the plan.

Assessment of essays in social studies

For a well-written reasoning, a graduate can get a maximum of 5 points.

In total, when scoring an essay, the following are evaluated:

Important! If the meaning of the statement is incorrectly revealed, then the essay is not further checked and 0 points are given for completing this task.

There is still a lot of time before the start of the Unified State Exam 2018, which means that it is more than realistic to learn how to correctly plan for writing an essay and learn the theory of social science. The main thing is to set a goal for yourself and strive to achieve it through daily classes and tireless training in writing quality essays.

Also look at video to change the ESSAY in social studies:

In the Unified State Examination in Social Studies 29, the task is considered difficult - essay writing essay selected from the five offered.

Essay- this is a short essay in prose, expressing the personal position of the author on a specific occasion.

Algorithm for writing an essay on social studies:

Acquainted with .
Read all statements carefully;
Highlight the main idea in each;
Think about what idea you can most quickly find arguments for;
Write the statement on a separate sheet of paper.
Add at least two empirical examples, but more could be given.
Monitor the quality of examples: they must be given without errors. The example should illustrate the stated judgment, so do not try to place them at the end of the text.

Sample essay plan

Introduction
Reflection of the problem in the text:
- problem statement
- Why is this issue relevant today?
Problem comment
- what the author writes about
- as the author writes
- What conclusion does the reader reach?
Author's position
Student position:
- agreement/disagreement with the author
- own position
Argument (2 arguments)
conclusion - conclusion

Now in more detail about the structure:

1. Quote.

For each topic, try to find quotes. Only they should be justified and accompanied by examples. To be able to reasonably refute or agree with the author of the statement.

2. The problem and its relevance.

Cliche:

This issue is relevant in...

... the globalization of public relations;
...formation of a single information, educational, economic space;
... exacerbation of global problems of our time;
... the special controversial nature of scientific discoveries and inventions;
... the development of international integration;
...modern market economy;
...development and overcoming the global economic crisis;
... rigid differentiation of society;
... the open social structure of modern society;
...formation of the rule of law;
... overcoming the spiritual, moral crisis;
...dialogue of cultures;
...the need to preserve their own identity, traditional spiritual values.

Remember! You need to return to the topic periodically so as not to get carried away with off-topic arguments. This is considered a mistake.

3. The meaning of the statement.

Remember! You don't have to repeat verbatim. State the main idea in your own words. For this use cliche:

"The meaning of this statement is that..."
The author draws our attention to the fact that...
The author is convinced that...

4. Own point of view.

The definition of one's position consists in agreeing or disagreeing with the author in whole or in part. Or argue with the author and express your point of view.

use cliche:

"I agree with the author that..."
“It is impossible not to agree with the author of this statement about ...”
"The author was right in asserting that..."
“In my opinion, the author clearly reflected in his statement the picture of modern Russia (modern society ... the situation that has developed in society ... one of the problems of our time)”
“Let me disagree with the author’s opinion that ...”
“In part, I adhere to the author’s point of view about ..., but I cannot agree with ...”
“Have you thought about the fact that ...?”

5. Theoretical argumentation.

It is necessary to use knowledge in social science: concepts, opinions of scientists, directions of scientific thought.

Remember! No need to overload the essay with terminology. One must be sure of their correct understanding and appropriate use. Prepare examples ahead of time.

6. Examples from social practice, history and literature.

Empirical level:

Using examples from social practice, history, literature.
Using your own life experience.

Remember! When using examples from history or personal experience, pay attention to their persuasiveness. Prepare examples ahead of time.

7. Conclusion.

In conclusion, the summary of the reasoning is summed up - 1-2 sentences.

Use cliche:

“Thus, we can conclude ...”
“Summing up a general line, I would like to note that ...”

USE in social studies.
EGE in social studies.
USE in social studies