November 19 in the city of Semenov, Nizhny Novgorod Region, All-Russian Conference on the development of folk art crafts in Russia.
About the Meeting and its results - Interview with the participant of the Meeting Drozhzhin Gennady Alexandrovich, Chairman of the Board of the Association of Folk Artistic Crafts of Russia (interview dated December 17, Moscow)
Especially for "Rainbow"
Gennady Alexandrovich, on November 19, the All-Russian Conference on the Problems of Folk Artistic Crafts took place in Semyonov. Was there a specific reason for holding the Meeting or did the general situation in the fisheries require it?
G.A. It cannot be called All-Russian, since there were very few representatives from the regions, and there were few directors of fishery organizations. This was a meeting on the development strategy of folk arts and crafts developed by the Ministry for the period up to 2020.
We must say right away that we have seen the Strategy and, unfortunately, it has not been finalized. And that is why we in the Association at an extended meeting of the Board decided that it can only be approved subject to revision. Because without goals, without concrete results - what kind of Strategy is it? The strategy should give clear answers about what we are striving for: production volumes, headcount, staff turnover, profitability. Exhibition activity., trade work - market infrastructure - everything had to be painted. And there are only words. And very little is said about the fact that enterprises are now in a difficult situation.
If Chairman of the Federation Council Valentina Ivanovna Matviyenko says that “industries must be saved,” then the Ministry should probably understand this. But, unfortunately, we do not yet see concrete results in saving the fisheries as a national treasure of Russia in the developed Strategy.
The second question was - to create a Center for crafts. Coordinating Center - good. What tasks, for what money, where are the people, where are the personnel? This Center will be created for 5 years. Until it is created, there will be no crafts. Who will it be created for?
We, the Board, decided that such a Center should not be created yet.
If it will be budgetary money, then it is not at all clear. The association has been operating for 25 years. Perhaps it would be better then to help the Association? Or even better - to give the money provided for the creation of the Center to enterprises that are in dire need?
So far, there are a lot of questions about the Strategy.
The functions of the Center largely overlap with the functions of the Association. But the Association is a non-profit organization, and the Center is planned as a state one.
G.A. It is planned for public funds.
Why did they not take into account the vast experience of the Association for Cooperation with Enterprises?
G.A. I think that this question should be asked to the specialists who developed the Strategy. Many directors had the same question.
The government has determined that the Ministry of Industry and Trade of Russia is responsible for the crafts. What is the Coordinating Center? If they want to shift the functions of conservation of fisheries to some Center - why is this necessary when we have a government Decree on this issue.
That is, the main task of the Meeting was to consider the Strategy and adopt it?
G.A. Yes something like that.
She was accepted, is she a “guide to action”?
G.A. As far as I know, the Minister and Deputy. The Minister's Strategy has not yet been signed. But in the Minutes of the Meeting it is written "accept".
What do you see as the role of the Association if the Strategy is adopted? Will the Association take on any other functions?
G.A. We have been carrying out these functions for 25 years without the Strategy. Even if this document is adopted, the planned activities to support fisheries are too long in time, and it is necessary to act right now.
Isn't she a real plan of action?
G.A. Of course, this is not the kind of action plan that the industries need now. And we wrote about this to the Minister, but I'm not just saying that.
How do you see what needs to be done now?
G.A. Now we need to determine the needs in the main areas of industry and go to the Ministry, go to the Ministry of Finance, go to the Government, go to the President - they don’t need such large sums - and ask that we have the opportunity to work with insurance premiums and energy resources for enterprises.
And what happens? 3 enterprises receive 50% of all subsidies. And 75 - get the remaining 50% of all. We have been talking about this for several years. Unfortunately, we are not being heard.
What are the priorities of the Association's work now?
G.A. Our priority now will be legislative work in the State Duma and the Federation Council. Ministry of Finance to reduce the tax burden, first of all, these are insurance premiums. Funds and opportunities must be found to enable businesses to survive in today's harsh environment.
Of course, exhibition activity.
Now we are developing a program for the development of tourism activities in the places of traditional crafts.
Gennady Aleksandrovich, thank you for the interview. Good luck to you in your work.
The Russian writer Ivan Alexandrovich Rodionov left a mark on history not only as the author of literary works, but also as a monarchist and a member of the White movement. He was a political and public figure of the Russian emigration. The life and work of this extraordinary person will be discussed in the article.
Biography
Ivan Rodionov was born on 10/20/1866 in the village of Kamyshevskaya, which was then part of the Don Army region (now belongs to the Rostov region). His father was a landowner, a native of the Don Cossacks. In 1881-1884. Ivan was trained at the Elisavetgrad Cavalry School. Then, in 1884-1886, he was brought up in the Novocherkassk cadet Cossack school. He graduated from it in the first category and was released as a cornet.
Further, Ivan Rodionov served in the first and tenth Don Cossack regiments. As commander of the Cossack Hundred, he took part in the suppression of the workers' revolt in Borovichi. After his retirement, he became a zemstvo chief in the city and struck up a friendship with a neighbor on the estate of Mikhail Rodzianko, Bishop Hermogenes and Hieromonk Iliodor. He was introduced to the royal family.
Ivan Alexandrovich was a staunch monarchist. He advocated the complete expulsion of the Jewish people from the territory of Russia. He considered people's drunkenness to be the most terrible evil for the country. He said that Russia was dying for two reasons: because of the Jews and alcohol.
During the First World
Ivan Rodionov was a participant in the hostilities as a Cossack officer. From October 1915 he served at the headquarters of General Brusilov, commander of the Southwestern Front. Participated in the operation "Brusilovsky breakthrough", was awarded four military orders. At the same time, he was engaged in journalism, until October 1916 he was the editor of the "Army Bulletin" - the daily newspaper of the South-Western Front.
In 1917, Ivan Rodionov did not swear allegiance to the Provisional Government. In August, he took part in the Kornilov speech, for which he was later sent to prison in the city of Bykhov, Mogilev Region.
Civil War 1918-1922
When the Kornilovites were released, Rodionov returned to the Don and became a member of the Volunteer Army, in which he participated in the first Kuban campaign. In the same period, Ivan Alexandrovich published the newspapers Donskoy Krai and Sentry in Novocherkassk. In the last one, in January 1919, he published the Protocols of the Elders of Zion.
In November 1918, Ivan Rodionov participated in the monarchist congress, which was held in Rostov-on-Don. As a result, the man was elected a member of the South-Eastern Monarchist Committee, created with the aim of further promoting monarchist ideas and restoring the monarchy in Russia. At the request of General Wrangel in 1920, Rodionov organized the printing business in the south of the country.
Having completed the Civil War with the rank of colonel, Ivan Aleksandrovich emigrated from Russia.
Literary creativity
As a writer, Ivan Rodionov became known in 1909, after the publication of the story "Our Crime", which went through five editions during 1910. This work, on the initiative of Anatoly Koni, was even nominated for the Pushkin Prize. In 1911, Ivan Alexandrovich wrote the satirical epic Mother Moscow, in which he demonstrated the view of the Cossacks on Russian history. In the press, this work received negative reviews.
In 1922, Rodionov created the story of the Ice Campaign "Evening Sacrifices". In it, he described the cruelty of the Russian uprising and spoke of the people as "evil beasts" worthy only of "hedgehogs, a whip and a stick."
In 1937, the work "The Kingdom of Satan" was published, in which Ivan Rodionov called himself an anti-Semite and expressed admiration for Hitler's activities.
Family
The writer was married twice. The first wife, Nina Vladimirovna Anzimirova, was a theater artist. In marriage with her, Rodionov had two sons: Yaroslav in 1903 and Vladimir in 1905. The younger son later became a monk.
The second wife of Ivan Alexandrovich was Anna Alekseevna Kovanko. She bore him three children: son Svyatoslav born in 1909, son Hermogenes born in 1912. and daughter Sofia, born in 1916.
In exile
Having emigrated from Russia, the writer first lived in Yugoslavia, then moved to Germany, to Berlin, where he continued his active monarchist work. In 1923, Rodionov was assistant to the chairman of the monarchist association in Berlin. In April 1926 he was a delegate to the Russian Foreign Congress in Paris. In May 1938, he organized a meeting of Russian monarchists in Belgrade, at which he delivered a speech about the "monarchism of everything Russian."
Drozhzhin Gennady Georgievich
Captain 1st rank
G.G. Drozhzhin was born on July 8, 1937 in the village. Mundybash, Kemerovo Region, RSFSR.
1954-1956 - a sailor's apprentice, second class sailor, second class fireman, then first class sailor on the ships of the Far Eastern Sea Trade and Eastern Arctic Shipping Companies (ship "Valery Chkalov" and steamship "Mikhail Uritsky").
1956-1960 - cadet of the Navigator Faculty of TOVVMU named after. S.O. Makarov (Vladivostok).
1960-1968 - navigator of submarines of various projects of the Pacific Fleet (including strategic missile submarines of the first generation) in the 15th squadron of the submarines of the Kamchatka military flotilla.
1968-1971 - student of the faculty of radio electronics VMA them. N.G. Kuznetsova.
1971-1981 - Senior officer, then head of the Space Navigation Systems Department in one of the departments of the Pacific Fleet Headquarters.
1981-1987 - Head of the Department of the Center for Long-Range Radio Navigation of the Main Directorate of Navigation and Oceanography of the Ministry of Defense (Leningrad)
Since 1987 - in reserve.
Behind the stern are thousands of miles on the surface and underwater in all oceans (11 autonomous campaigns, including SSBNs for Combat Service).
As a navigator and controller No. 1, he participated in providing many launches of ballistic missiles from surface and underwater positions. As a member of state commissions, he participated in the acceptance of new nuclear submarines of various projects. He tested new navigation systems, equipment for radio navigation and space navigation systems, in particular, the Uragan SNS (current GLONASS), deep-sea underwater sonar beacons for SSBN patrol positions in the ocean.
As deputy head of the expedition for navigation support, he participated in the laying of the country's only submarine communication cable line of increased length (1000 km) in the Sea of Okhotsk. As the head of the expedition on a hydrographic vessel, he participated in the survey of all radio navigation systems and beacons of the domestic Pacific coast from Vladivostok to the Bering Strait, incl. in the Kuril Islands.
During his service he was awarded the Order of the Red Star and many medals.
After demobilization on the basis of seniority, he graduated from the State Institute of Metrology and Standardization in Leningrad and worked as the head of the State Inspection Committee at NPO Elektroapparat (testing and acceptance of powerful and heavy-duty switching and protective devices for power plants of all types, including nuclear ones). After the liquidation of the State Acceptance Committee, he became a freelance artist. Member of the Union of Artists of the Russian Federation since 2005, member of the Union of Writers of the Russian Federation since 2006, Member of the Naval Press Association since 2000, member of the Presidium of the United Council of Submarine Veterans since 1987.
Author of a two-volume research work on the submarine fleet of the Second World War and the Cold War. Publications: in the newspapers Sovetskaya Rossiya, Zavtra, Naval Fleet, Kronstadt Herald, Kronstadt, Duel, Morskaya Gazeta, Marine Collection, National Defense, Notes on Hydrography”, “Metrology and Standardization”, “World of Welding”, “Captain Club”. From 1998 to 2012 ten solo exhibitions of painting in Moscow, St. Petersburg, Novokuznetsk, Limassol (Cyprus). 2 albums of works were published: “We breathe by nature, we feel, we live” (printing house “Ivan Fedorov” in St. Petersburg) and “Russia is my love” (Publishing house “Intrebruk-Service” in Moscow).
From December 8 to December 12, Moscow hosted the 9th Exhibition-Fair of Russian Folk Art Crafts “Ladya-2010”. Our correspondent spoke with Gennady Drozhzhin, Chairman of the Board of the Association "Folk Artistic Crafts of Russia".
- For many years now, calls have been heard from high tribunes to preserve their cultural heritage - the centuries-old traditions of Russian folk culture ...
When we are asked, we, of course, tell how interest in folk culture is growing in the country. But if you look closely, everything will be far from it. No purposeful work is being done to preserve and develop folk crafts. And it is useless to say that the crafts have a rich centuries-old history, that they embodied the experience of the aesthetic perception of the world of peoples, preserved deep artistic traditions that reflect the identity of the cultures of our multinational country... in September last year, still remains without attention.
Fortunately, we have mostly preserved folk art crafts. In this regard, we are ahead of the rest: no country in the world has preserved fourteen areas of folk art. Many names of modest cities and towns in Russia are associated with world famous centers of folk art: Palekh, Kholuy, Fedoskino - world brands of lacquer miniatures; Semyonov, Gorodets, Bogorodsk, Arkhangelsk - painting and woodcarving; Veliky Ustyug, Krasnoye Selo - silverware; Vologda, Yelets, Mikhailov, Kadom - lace-making; Verbilki, Dulevo, Gzhel, Kislovodsk - porcelain. And this is only a part of the Russian crafts. But if we continue to make no efforts to develop and preserve this industry, bring it to the market, then in five years we may completely lose folk art culture.
Today, it is generally impossible to speak of effective state support as a complex, a system. Yes, we have tax breaks and subsidies. A little more than 6 million dollars are allocated annually for all folk crafts. But this is not enough. The crafts ended up under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Industry and Trade, but somehow it doesn’t really care about our condition. The Ministry of Culture does not include “folk crafts” in the Federal Target Program “Culture of Russia”, since we are not in their department, and the Ministry of Industry should deal with our problems. It's kind of a vicious circle! But we are not asking the Ministry of Culture to do something that has nothing to do with it, we are asking to take care of the cultural component - exhibitions, festivals, training of young professionals. After all, it is determined by law that folk art crafts are a cultural value.
- And what about the handicraft enterprises?
If we talk about the number of employees in production, then in recent years the figures have fallen tenfold. During this time, about 50 fishery organizations have been lost. Annually, the number and production volumes are reduced by 10-15 percent. For example, let's take the North Caucasus region. Dmitry Medvedev said that it is necessary to change the situation in the region: out of 10 young people there, 8 do not have a job. Previously, the crafts of Dagestan were a significant and developed sector of the economy. Untsukul, Kubachi, Kizlyar, Gotsatl, Dagestan carpets are recognized masterpieces of folk art. More recently, more than 30 thousand people worked in the industry, and now there are only three masters left ...
There is also the threat of losing entire types of folk crafts. If one enterprise is engaged in some kind of fishing, which ceases to be profitable, it is closed. And with it, folk craft dies. I can say that over the past twenty years we have already lost 40 types of fisheries. Now, for example, our porcelain and crystal industries are in a very difficult situation. This is because very outdated technologies are used there, dating back 50-60 years.
Although the main reason for the general extinction of the industry is undoubtedly the lack of a market. In Russia, there are only three good specialized shops (two in Moscow and one in Nizhny Novgorod) engaged in crafts. The rest offer foreign consumer goods, most often made in China, of very dubious quality.
- It's no secret that handicrafts cost a lot. Don't you think that sometimes their price is so high that in itself it becomes an obstacle to buying?
I agree: the cost of art products is sometimes overpriced. But this happens because we do not have a normal civilized trade in our country. And only by creating our own domestic market infrastructure will we be able to overcome this problem. We need to create a fashion for folk craft. This should be such a targeted program that politicians, the media, and representatives of creative professions will work on.
Dossier
The Association "Folk Artistic Crafts of Russia" was founded in 1990. Currently, it unites about 250 organizations involved in fisheries located in 64 regions of the country. Among them are world-famous centers of folk art that produce products with Khokhloma and Gorodets wood painting, Gzhel porcelain, northern niello, Rostov enamel, Vologda lace, White Sea woodcarving, Kislovodsk porcelain, weapons of Tula craftsmen and much more. Every year the association holds festivals and exhibitions-fairs, where craftsmen from all over Russia bring works of folk art and demonstrate artistic skills to visitors, where round tables and seminars are held on the problems of modern folk art.
Interviewed by Anna Griboedova,
Kultura newspaper, specially for the portal of the Russkiy Mir Foundation
N.M. At what stage of consideration in the profile committee of the State Duma is the law on handicraft activities now? All artisans are looking forward to it. This law is necessary for both students and teachers.
G.D. You probably know that the discussion of the law has been going on for 25 years. But there is still no conceptual apparatus. What is an artisan? We cannot use a century-old dictionary and call a craftsman a lone handicraftsman who uses manual labor for his subsistence ... needlework, manual labor, work and skill, with which bread is obtained. Dahl's Dictionary... Now artisans use CNC machines, computers, programs and lasers. The modern craftsman does not want to call himself a handicraftsman, a self-employed fisherman or an artel worker. In the post-Soviet period, about 8 doctoral dissertations and about 12 candidate scientific papers were written on the topic of Handicraft in New Russia. Some of them provide a conceptual modern vocabulary of the craftsman. But their scientific works did not form the basis for the development of the industry. And the industry is in decline. And only thanks to individual leaders, artisans in the regions, folk rare crafts have not died yet.
In order to adopt a law on handicraft activities, it is necessary to approve OKVED. What kind of economic activity does an artisan engage in? If he sews by hand a case for a mobile phone and the share of machine sewing is 35%. How to call it? Digitalist? Or a handmaker? Or a digital saddler? Or like a hat. Makes custom hats. She, husband, daughter and son-in-law. Family contract. The son-in-law is a copywriter and marketer, the daughter and mother are designers and seamstresses, the husband is a driver, a mechanic and a loader all rolled into one. Who can be called an artisan? The share of machine tailoring is only 25%. What OKVED should they assign? Now the government wants to call them all self-employed. And the birch bark artist? Or a cooper, saddler, taxidermist, jeweler, gilder? We have compiled a list and a modern list of artisan professions. They compared it with an ancient list of a hundred years ago. By the number of professions and by the name of professions, it is twice as large. The share of manual labor in the modern world is not falling, but increasing. Operations become more difficult. The assembly of the helicopter-drone is done by a mechanic. And cooks the chassis and frame? Argon welder. Is he an artisan or a worker? The propellers for the propellers are cast by the caster. Is he a worker or an artisan? We believe he is an artisan.
What by-laws currently apply to handicraft activities? There are three of them. First act. Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of May 13, 2016 N 412 "Rules for granting subsidies from the federal budget to organizations of folk arts and crafts to support the production and sale of products of folk arts and crafts." Second: Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of December 14, 2017 N 2800-r On the action plan ("road map") for the preservation, revival and development of folk arts and crafts for the period up to 2019. And the third act. (Appendix N 6 to the requirements, approved by Order of the Ministry of Economic Development of the Russian Federation of February 14, 2018 N 67). In which we are talking about folk art crafts and handicrafts.
All artisans work according to these three by-laws. Or register an IP. Or buy a patent. It is not fashionable to be in the shade now.
N.M. You remember that about ten years ago, a commission for awarding the title of "Master Craftsman of the City of Moscow" worked in the Moscow government. Now there are such commissions? How are the titles of People's, Honored, Master Craftsman awarded?
G.D. As far as I know, it is impossible to assemble any commission in which there are more than five people if it is free work on a voluntary basis. In my opinion, this commission collapsed along with the old composition of the Moscow Government. But the law remains. In Moscow, the question of creating an artistic and expert department for folk crafts and crafts has long been ripe. There is something similar in the Museum of Decorative and Applied Arts on Delegatskaya Street. We also have an artistic and expert council in the Association of Folk Art Crafts of Russia. But our tasks and goals are different: to identify, find, invite, save, exhibit, help. And you are talking about something completely different. How to assign titles? We will not be able to appropriate the people's artist? There are no such rights and powers. It is necessary to develop general rules that are transparent and understandable to all artisans. So that they understand that getting a title is not so easy. You need to be recommended by the local primary organization. The craftsman must publish his work somewhere. He must be a prominent artist in his region. An artisan is an artist who always surprises, who always gives positive emotions. And not making the same nesting dolls for 25 years, only depending on the situation, either the political leader of Korea draws or a football player for the World Cup. We don't even consider them. Unfortunately, there are a lot of such artisans and there is no need to fight them. You just need to get rid of those. They have nothing to do with art and folk crafts. If the Russian Academy of Crafts as an educational organization develops criteria, rules, methodology, an algorithm for awarding qualifications, digits, categories, we are ready to consider an industry quality standard for products manufactured by artisans. The Government of the Russian Federation now allows any manufacturer to issue its own quality certificate, for which he is personally responsible. Since responsibility means reputation and authority. No one wants to lose their reputation because of some matryoshka doll who was given a fake certificate.
The issue of awarding the title is long overdue. It must be resolved quickly. It is necessary to approve the provision on awarding the title and create a commission and an expert council. This will become a powerful stimulus for creativity, creation, and well-being. Yes. Not a secret. That on the ground in remote regions, our certificates and diplomas for local officials are a security certificate. They exempt local artisans from taxes and provide rental benefits. Only on the basis of the diploma of ANKhPR. This pleases us.
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N.M. The Association annually holds three federal exhibitions of arts and crafts in Moscow. This is the Rook - in spring and winter, as well as the Fire Bird - in the spring. What other federal and regional events does the Association hold?
G.D. We have our own charity project ABC of Folk Culture. This project is led by my Deputy Menshikova Ekaterina Andreevna. During the three years of the existence of this project, we have achieved significant success in the popularization and public education of decorative applied crafts and folk crafts. We complete kindergartens and schools with encyclopedias, textbooks, albums about Russian craft and folk craft traditions. This is a very significant project. It was noticed by the city authorities, and we got a little help from the city to develop this project. We are now planning a very large project - the acquisition of materials and the creation of an encyclopedia of folk crafts and crafts in 15 volumes. Full color landscape print. Material is being collected now. We plan to finish editing the text by the end of the year and by the summer of 2019 release the first print run of 5,000 copies. Now there is an active search for a philanthropist and investor for this project. We promise the investor that there will be his address block on the flyleaf.
We also have a long-standing project and we are developing it, these are tourist routes along the craft settlements of the Golden Ring. We have connections with all tour operators and try to maintain these business contacts so that the products of our honored (real) artisans take their rightful place on the shelves of shops where tourist routes pass. So that guests from Europe take away with them not Chinese nesting dolls, but real handmade works of art by Russian original masters.
We also plan to hold an exhibition of folk arts and crafts in the Manege opposite the Kremlin in the fourth quarter of 2019. My deputy Gulyaeva Tatyana Alekseevna is now in Cheboksary and, together with her assistants, is holding the competition “Young Talents of Russia”. This competition has been held by the Association since 1990 among young masters of folk arts and crafts organizations, as well as pupils and students of specialized educational institutions who have achieved high results in the learning process and are actively involved in the creative activities of the educational institution. This year the competition is held in 7 nominations. Prizes, scholarships and diplomas of laureates have been established for the winners and prize-winners of the review competition.
The Association actively supports young talents and participates in the WorldSkills Young Professionals championships and competitions, the Best in the Profession in the field of education, etc. We have 35 people on our staff. Everyone is responsible for a specific project and for a specific case. Komarov Aleksey Yuryevich Deputy Chairman of the Board, director of the BOAT Exhibitions and festivals FIREBIRD, First Deputy Chairman of the Board Makovsky Andrey Bronislavovich. And others. You can't list everyone. But we are all devoted to our work, we are known not only in Russia, but abroad. We are consulted when discussing laws on handicrafts, steps to help folk art crafts, and so on.
N.M. At the end of the question of membership. What does membership in the Association give to its members? And how to become a member?
G.D. We are a voluntary creative organization. Yes. Until I forgot. You know that 2019 has been declared the year of folk crafts and handicrafts. So. On our site there is a Charter, Regulations, an Open offer. For members of the Association - preferential participation in all exhibitions-fairs. Free printing in catalogs and reference books. Sometimes we hold seminars, trainings and advanced training. For members of the Association free of charge or a nominal fee. We write letters locally to officials so that they take care of our members. We arrange championships and competitions for members and give valuable gifts diplomas. We are a living organization. And we have local connections in all federal districts with all artisans. Membership fees are small. I think 1000 rubles. Look at the site.
Biographical note. DROZHZHIN Gennady Alexandrovich. Public figure. Born June 1, 1947 in Moscow. Lives and works in Moscow. Corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Arts. Chairman of the Board of the Association "Folk Artistic Crafts of Russia" (since 1994), member of the Government Commission on State Cultural Policy (since 2017).
