West Africa

West Africa
- part of the African continent, located south of the central Sahara and washed from the west and south by the Atlantic Ocean. The natural border in the east is the Cameroon Mountains.

Story
Before the arrival of Europeans in West Africa, there were states - Ghana, Mali and Songhai. In the 15th century, the Portuguese began to establish their colonies on the Guinean coast, later the French and the British.

States included in West Africa
Mali Niger Nigeria Benin Burkina Faso Ghana Ivory Coast Gambia Sierra Leone Togo
Guinea Guinea-Bissau Cape Verde Cameroon Liberia Mauritania Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha Senegal

natural conditions
The nature of the Western sub-region of Africa feels the great influence of the Sahara desert, which is located in the north. The transitional areas from the desert to the savannah are called the Sahel, within which precipitation falls, but it is less than 200 mm per year. South of the Sahel, a strip of savannas and forest avannas passes through the entire region, then there is a forest zone. The geological conditions of this region are calm.

Mineral resources
There are many mineral resources in West Africa, however, they have been mined only recently. The following ores are found in local bowels: iron, aluminum, tungsten, manganese, uranium, chromium, tin and valuable metals

Infrastructure
The road infrastructure is poorly developed, railways exist only from the hinterland to the coast and are a legacy of colonial economic policy. Significant ports are Dakar, Conakry, Abidjan, Accra, Lome and Lagos.

Economy
The states are among the poorest countries in the world, Nigeria, despite rich oil reserves, is also far behind in development. On the coast, agriculture produces monocultures intended for export. Most West Africans are self-sufficient.

Population
The border of the settlement of representatives of two large races - Caucasoid and Negroid - passes through the territory of the region. In the northern regions, on the territory of Mali and Niger, Berber-speaking Tuareg live. However, the vast majority of the peoples of West Africa belong to the large Negroid race.

culture
West Africa is home to more than half of the African languages. Most of them belong to the Kongo-Kordofanian and Afroasiatic language group.

South Africa

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South Africa. Check your neighbor! Tanganyika Savannah Masai. Option 2 Addis Ababa Mountain river. Nile Ethiopia Abyssinia. To trace the alternation of natural zones in South Africa on the map of the atlas (atlas, p. 15). The Republic of South Africa is a state located in the southern part of the African continent. The length of the coastline is 2,798 km. The capital is Cape Town. South Africa (South African Republic). Relief features and minerals. Climate and inland waters. natural areas. Population. - South Africa.ppt

East African countries

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East African countries. Klimentova Olga. Location of countries in East Africa. East Africa stretches from Sudan to the Congo Basin. Relief and climate. Climate. Relief. The entire eastern outskirts of Africa is under the influence of the Indian monsoons. East Africa differs from other regions of the mainland in the predominance of mountainous terrain. Kenya. Somalia. The capital of Kenya is Nairobi. The capital of Somalia is Mogadishu. Tanzania. Ethiopia. The capital of Tanzania is Dodoma. The capital of Ethiopia is Addis Ababa. Economic development. The peoples of East Africa are engaged in agriculture and cattle breeding. In arid regions, pastoralists - nomads graze herds of camels, sheep and goats. - East African countries.ppt

Republic of Guinea

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Republic of Guinea. Observations. Yellow fever vaccinations. The history of the formation of the state. hired workers. French colonizers. power in the country. Flag and coat of arms of Guinea. Anthem of Guinea. Guinean anthem text. Geographical position. The relief of the country. Islands. Climate. Wet part of the country. Vegetable world. Papaya. Tropical plants. Animal world. Landscapes. Population. Guineans. Official language. Child. Employees for hire. Political system. Currency. Economy. Education. Turn. Higher education and science. Life of the Guineans. On the streets of Conakry. Quarters of Conakry. culture of the people of the country. - Republic of Guinea.ppt

Madagascar

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Madagascar. General characteristics. Madagascar is separated from Africa by the Mozambique Channel. The territory of the state occupies 596 thousand square kilometers. The Republic of Madagascar is subdivided into 6 provinces. The country has two official languages ​​- Malagasy and French. The main religions in the republic are Christianity and Islam. The currency in Madagascar is the Malagasy franc. Climate. One third of the territory of the Republic of Madagascar captures the highlands. The eastern coast is occupied by the seaside lowland, and the western coast by low plains. The climate of the Republic of Madagascar is tropical. - Madagascar.ppt

Nigeria

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African country: Nigeria. The area of ​​the country is 923,768 km2. The capital of Nigeria is Abuja. LAGOS is the former capital and largest city of Nigeria. population of Nigeria. Annual growth - 2%. Infant mortality - 93 per 1000 (11th in the world). Ethnic composition: more than 250 aboriginal peoples and tribes. The largest ethnic groups: Yoruba - 21%, Hausa and Fulani - 29%, Igbo - 18%. The literacy rate of the population over 15 is 68% (2003 estimate). Most of the country's population speaks two or more languages. There are two mainstream religions in Nigeria. Protestantism and Catholicism are professed by the peoples: Ibibio, Annang and Efik. - Nigeria.ppt

Country Nigeria

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Nigeria. A country. Western. Africa. Story. Attractions. Economy. Cities. People have inhabited the territory of Nigeria since ancient times. A distinctive feature of this culture were terracotta figurines. On October 1, 1960, Nigeria became an independent state. The opposition was represented by the Action Group led by Obafemi Awolowo. The short period of the "first republic" was over. The military tried to establish a unitary state in Nigeria, divided into provinces. The country returned to a federal system. Abeokuta. Lagos. Maiduguri. Natives. Geography. In the past - the main city of the Egbe people in the eastern part of Upper Guinea. - Country Nigeria.ppt

Ethiopia

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Presentation on geography on the topic "Ethiopia". Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia Area: 1,127,000 sq. km. Population: 55 million people You need to be vaccinated against yellow fever. Ethiopia. Unlike other African countries, it has never been colonized. In the past, the country was often called Abyssinia. The capital of Ethiopia is Addis Ababa. Animals of Ethiopia ... Climate. Ethiopia's climate is largely dependent on altitude. Language. Population. Shoah, Gojjam, Begemder). Vollo, Arussi, Kaffa, Vol-leg, Harar, Sidamo. By relpg. accessories more than 1/2 us. E. - Christians of the Monophysite persuasion; most of the rest of us. - Muslims. - Ethiopia.ppt

Country Ethiopia

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Ethiopia. General information. Territory: State in East Africa. Capital: Addis - Ababa Country area: about 1,130,000 km2. Ethiopian population: about 58.39 million people. Largest cities: Addis Ababa, Diredava, Gonder, Nazret. Average life expectancy: 46 years - men, 49 years - women. Language: Amharic (Amarinya) is the official language. Religion: Ethiopian Orthodox Church - 45-50%, Islam - 35-40%, paganism - 12%. Currency: Birr (100 cents). State symbols. Coat of arms of Ethiopia (1975). Ethiopian flag. Ethiopian state emblem (1996). Ethiopian history. - Country Ethiopia.ppt

Lesson on the topic of South Africa

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South Africa. Johannesburg. SOUTH AFRICA. 1. Historical background 2. Natural resource potential 3. Development of industry and agriculture. Why is South Africa the most developed country in Africa? Features of the state of the country. Riches of South Africa. History of the country. Then the Bantu tribes invaded from the north. In 1488 after the discovery by the Portuguese of the southern tip of Africa, the colonization of the country began. During the Napoleonic Wars, the Cape Colony became a Ucha. English hands. Old coat of arms of South Africa. The wavy line crossing the shield symbolizes the Orange River. The theme of the unity of the country is also heard in the Latin motto "Ex unitate vires" ("In unity is strength"). -

Country South Africa

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South Africa. General information. Geographic location of South Africa. The Republic of South Africa is washed by two oceans - the Atlantic and the Indian. The mountains form South Africa's natural border with the Lesotho enclave. Only in the coastal strip are small plains. The rivers in the north of the country are seasonal (Kuruchan, Phepane, Molopo). There are many salt lakes in the west (Big, Fernyokpan). Climate of South Africa. On the southwestern coast, the climate is of the Mediterranean type (subtropical maritime). The highest temperatures are observed in the interior of the country - in the Kalahari (52C). In the rest of the territory, the annual precipitation is 400-800 mm. - Country South Africa.pptx

South Africa today

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South Africa. Republic of South Africa. State in southern Africa. It is washed by the Atlantic and Indian oceans. The area is 1.2 million km2. Religion. Almost 80% of the population of South Africa are adherents of the Christian faith. Other numerous religious groups are Hinduism, Islam and Judaism. To the south are the Cape Mountains. The main rivers are Orange, Limpopo. Victoria Falls. Climate. The climate is tropical and subtropical. Official languages. According to 1996 statistics, the most widely spoken language is Zulu. It is spoken by about 22.9% of the population. English is spoken by about 8.6% of the population. - South Africa today.ppt

South Africa in Africa

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Lesson topic: South Africa. UNK: economic map of Africa, atlas, presentation. Republic of South Africa. Business card. Included in the Commonwealth of Nations. historical past. Geographical position. South Africa is bordered by the Atlantic and Indian oceans. Natural features of South Africa. Reserves. To protect the fauna in South Africa, national parks and reserves have been created. There are 16 national parks and one reserved lake in the country. Kruger National Park. Population of the country. The remaining ethnic groups are relatively small. Population density of South Africa. Natural resources. Mining and manufacturing industry. - South Africa in Africa.pptx

"South Africa" ​​geography

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Republic of South Africa

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South Africa. Zimbabwe. Namibia. The city is named after the first architects - Johan Rissik and Johan Hubert. It is not the capital of the country, but the Constitutional Court of South Africa is located there. Problematic question: Why is the Republic of South Africa called a country with a dual economy? Famous natural objects. Peak LION'S HEAD. DEVIL'S PICK. Peak of the TWELVE APOSTLES. PROTEA FLOWER is a symbol of South Africa. It was dug by hand with picks and shovels by diamond miners. It is the largest quarry developed by people without the use of technology. Population of the country. The remaining ethnic groups are relatively small. - Republic of South Africa.ppt

South Africa national parks

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Ivanova Nastya. "Journey to South Africa". First day The capital of South Africa. The administrative capital of the Republic of South Africa - Pretoria - was renamed Tswana (Tshwane). The only dodo egg in the world is kept in the East London Museum. Second day Cape Town is a city-pearl. Cape Town is the cleanest city in South Africa. George "s Mall, surrounded by numerous cafes, bars and historical buildings. The cost of rooms at the hotel starts from $ 400. The third day National parks and reserves. The country's beautiful reserves are known to most of the inhabitants of the planet. The famous Tugela waterfall (948 m) from five cascades.

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Presentation on the topic: African countries

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North African countries. Algeria. The Algerian People's Democratic Republic, a state in North Africa, belongs to the countries of the Maghreb. From the north it is washed by the Mediterranean Sea, it borders on Tunisia, Libya, Niger, Mali, Western Sahara, Mauritania and Morocco. The area is 2381.7 thousand km2. Population 33.3 million (2007). Capital of Algiers. Nature The north of the country occupies the central part of the Atlas Mountains. In the south of the country is the Sahara desert (Algeria accounts for most of its territory). Rocky deserts are called hamads, and sandy ones are called ergs. In the south, in the Ahaggar highlands, there is the city of Tahat (3003 m), the highest point of the country. The climate of Northern Algeria is subtropical Mediterranean. The climate of the Algerian Sahara is tropical desert, with less than 50 mm of precipitation per year. The river network is poorly developed (the largest is the Shelif River). Most watercourses do not have a permanent flow. The vegetation cover and soils of Northern Algeria are typically Mediterranean. Among the forests and shrubs, cork oak massifs stand out (mainly in the Tel Atlas mountains); in the semi-desert - alpha grass. Significant areas of the Sahara are devoid of vegetation. National parks: Djurdjura, Akfadu, Tassilin-Ajer, etc.

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The population of AlgeriaThe majority (approx. 80%) of the population are Arabs. OK. 20% - Berbers, descendants of the ancient population of Algeria, consisting of several tribes, loosely connected with each other. Nomadic tribes live in the desert, ch. arr. Tuareg. The official language is Arabic, French is widely spoken. The state religion is Islam, the vast majority of the population are Sunnis. More than 95% of us live in Northern Algeria. countries, mainly on a narrow coastal strip and in the massifs of Kabylia. Urban population 56%. The density is 13.8 people/km2. There are large communities of Algerian Arabs in France, Belgium, and the USA. EconomyAgrarian country. Cultivated mainly cereals, grapes, vegetables, fruits. Wine is produced for export. In semi-desert areas - the collection and primary processing of alpha grass, which is used to produce the best grades of paper. 95% of export earnings come from the sale of oil and gas.

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West and Central African countries. Nigeria. The Federal Republic of Nigeria is a state in West Africa. From the south it is washed by the waters of the Gulf of Guinea, in the northeast it goes to the shores of Lake Chad. It borders on Niger, Benin, Cameroon, and the Republic of Chad. Included in the Commonwealth. The area is 923.8 thousand km2. The largest country in Africa in terms of population (135 million people, 2007). Capital Abuja. The main city and de facto capital is Lagos. Nature The Niger River with the Benue tributary divides the country into two parts: to the south of their valleys, most of the territory is occupied by the Maritime Plain, and low plateaus extend to the north. The coastal plain is formed by sediments of rivers and stretches for hundreds of kilometers from west to east. To the north, the terrain gradually rises and passes into stepped plateaus (Yoruba, Udi, Jos, etc.) with numerous remnant rocks. In the northwest, the plateaus pass into the Sokoto Plain (the basin of the river of the same name), and in the northeast - into the Bornu Plain. The climate in almost the entire territory of Nigeria is equatorial, monsoonal. The rainiest and coolest month is August. The greatest amount of precipitation (up to 4000 mm per year) falls in the Niger Delta, in the extreme northeast - only 500 mm. The driest period is winter, when the harmattan wind blows from the northeast, bringing the heat of the day and sharp diurnal temperature changes. A remnant on the Jos Plateau in central Nigeria.

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Nigeria is characterized by savannahs and tropical forests, which are common only in the Maritime Plain and in river valleys. In the north of the forest zone - deciduous dry tropical forests. Almost half of the country's territory is occupied by tall-grass (wet Guinean) savannah with rare trees - kaya, isoberlinia, mitragina. To the north of the zone of tall grass savannah, the dry Sudanese savannah stretches with umbrella acacias, baobabs and thorny bushes. In the extreme northeast of the country, the Sahelian savanna with sparse vegetation stretches. And only off the shores of Lake Chad is an abundance of lush greenery, thickets of reeds and papyrus. The fauna of Nigeria, preserved in national parks and reserves, is also diverse. Elephants, giraffes, rhinos, leopards, hyenas, numerous antelopes (including the forest pygmy antelope dikdik) are widespread, large herds of buffalo are found, in some places the scaly anteater, chimpanzee and gorilla, monkeys, baboons, pottos have been preserved. The world of birds is rich in forests, savannahs, especially along river banks.

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Population Ethnic composition: over 250 nationalities and groups, the most numerous: Fulani and Hausa 29%, Yoruba 21%, for 18%, Ijo 10%, Ibibio 3.5%, Tiv 2.5%, Bini, etc. About 50% of believers - Muslims, 40% - Christians (mostly Protestants), 10% - adhere to traditional beliefs. The official language is English. The resettlement of peoples and tribes does not coincide with the division of the country into states. This has repeatedly led to armed conflicts. There is a difference between Christians and Muslims. The population density is 144.9 people/km2. Urban population 39%. Economy The economy of Nigeria is based on the oil industry and agriculture. Tin, limestone and natural gas, tungsten, tantalum, thorium, zircon, uranium, polymetallic ores, gold, etc. are mined in significant quantities. Up to 50% of the economically active population is employed in agriculture. Cocoa, rubber and palm kernels are the only export crops. For domestic consumption, cassava, yams and sweet potatoes, sorghum and millet, corn, rice, peanuts, oil palm, and cotton are grown. An important role in crop production is played by the cultivation of legumes, sugarcane, vegetables and fruits. Harvest of peanuts Animal husbandry is extensive. OK. 90% of livestock is concentrated in the northern part of the country (where there is no tsetse fly). The traditional dressing of leather is preserved, especially the leather made from goats is “red morocco”. Domestic production is not enough to feed a rapidly growing population and Nigeria is an importer of food, especially grain. Approximately one eighth of the country is covered with forests and the country has the necessary potential for the development of a forestry industry, but predatory deforestation hinders the development of this industry and has been the cause of catastrophic droughts since the 1960s. -s Despite the growth in production, the manufacturing industry remains largely small-scale. With the help of the USSR, a metallurgical plant was built in Ajaokuta. The assembly lines of the Volkswagen, Peugeot, and Fiat factories are functioning. The monetary unit is the naira. Oil pipeline pumping station. Sacks of peanuts stacked in a pyramid.

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East African countries. Ethiopia. ETHIOPIA, a state in northeastern Africa. The area is 1.1 million km2. Most of the territory of Ethiopia is occupied by the Ethiopian Highlands (height up to 4623 m, Ras Dashen); in the northeast - the Afar depression, in the southeast - the Ethiopian-Somali plateau. Almost the entire territory of Ethiopia is a zone of high seismicity, tk. located in the zone of the Great African Rift. The climate is tropical desert and semi-desert in the northeast, subequatorial - in the rest. Average monthly temperatures are 13-18 °C (Addis Ababa). Precipitation is from 150-600 to 1500-1800 (in some places less than 50) mm per year. Large rivers - the Blue Nile, Atbara, Vebi-Shebeli. Shrub deserts, semi-deserts, deserted savannahs. In the southwest - tropical rainforests. National parks - Awash, Gambela, Simen, etc. Population 76.5 million people (2007), mainly Amhara peoples (about 40% of the population), Oromos (over 40%), Tigrays and others (more than 100 peoples) . The official language is Amharic. Most of the believers are Muslims and Christians. The Great Rift Valley stretches from north to south and in some places reaches 65 km wide and 600-900 m deep.

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Ethiopia is an agricultural country. The main branch of agriculture is crop production. Crops of grain, leguminous, oil-bearing crops; the main export crop is coffee. Animal husbandry: breeding of cattle, sheep and goats. Fishing. Handicraft production is developed: weaving, processing of leather, bone, wood, etc. Industrial production sectors: mining (platinum, gold mining), oil refining, metalworking industry, light industry, food industry, Electricity production 1.3 billion kWh (1995 ). The largest hydroelectric power station is Fincha (100 MW). The length of railways is 0.78 thousand km (1993), roads - 28.3 thousand km (1996). Ports: Massawa, Assab; foreign trade mostly goes through the port of Djibouti. Main foreign trade partners: USA, countries of the European Union, Japan, Russia. Monetary unit - birr.

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South African countriesSouth Africa is a country of gold and diamonds. SOUTH AFRICAN REPUBLIC (South Africa) is a state in southern Africa. The area is 1.2 million km2. The capital - Pretoria, the seat of parliament - Cape Town South Africa occupies the southern outskirts of the South African plateau, elevated along the edges (Dragon Mountains in the east, individual peaks over 3000 m) and limited by the steep slopes of the B. Ledge. To the south are the Cape Mountains. The climate is tropical and subtropical. The average temperature in January is 18-27 °С, in July 7-10 °С. Precipitation is from 60 mm on the coast, 650 mm on the plateau and up to 2000 mm per year on the eastern slopes of the Drakensberg Mountains. The main rivers are Orange and Limpopo. In the east - savannah, south of 30 ° S. sh. - subtropical forests and hard-leaved evergreen shrubs, on the slopes of the mountains - subtropical and monsoon forests; in the interior, desert savannah, steppes, semi-desert bushes and the Karoo desert. National parks - Kruger, Kalahari-Gemsbok and others, numerous nature reserves and reserves.

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Population and economy of South Africa Population 43.99 million people (2007), including Africans (76%; Zulu, Xhosa, etc.), mestizos (9%), immigrants from Europe (13%), mainly Afrikaners (Boers) and the British. Urban population 55.4% (1996). The official language is Afrikaans and English. Believers are mostly Christians and adherents of local traditional beliefs. South Africa is an industrial-agrarian country with a high level of economic development, the most economically developed state in Africa. South Africa occupies one of the first places in the world in the extraction of gold, platinum, chromites, manganese ore, antimony, and diamonds. Uranium, iron ore, copper, asbestos, etc. are mined. Ferrous metallurgy, mechanical engineering, chemical, oil refining, cement, textile, and food industries. In agriculture, marketable products are produced by large farms. The basis of agriculture is animal husbandry: sheep and goats, cattle. Main agricultural crops: corn, wheat, sugar cane. Sorghum, peanuts, tobacco, citrus and grapes, sunflower, etc. are also cultivated. The length of roads (1996, thousand km): railways 21.6, paved roads 54. The most important seaports: Durban, Cape Town, Port Elizabeth, East London The country is experiencing a tourism boom, with billions of dollars in tourism revenue. Exports: minerals and agricultural raw materials, agricultural products, diamonds, mining equipment. Main foreign trade partners: Great Britain, USA, Germany, Japan. Monetary unit - South African rand.

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Lesotho The Kingdom of Lesotho is renowned for the breathtaking beauty of its mountain scenery. The source of wealth is tourists from South Africa, agriculture - corn, wheat, vegetables.

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Mali Mud-built houses and grain barns in the Dogon villages of eastern Mali huddle together. Today, the north of Mali is considered the hottest and driest region of the Earth. They are engaged in agriculture: rice, millet, peanuts, tea, cotton, animal husbandry, fishing.

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Bamako - a city in Mali Life in this city is largely determined by religion, whose name is Islam. Busy trade in textiles, oriental perfumes, spices, poultry and jewelry. Every Friday, thousands of Muslims in colorful festive clothes flock to the main mosque to look towards Mecca and offer prayers to the Almighty.

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Malawi The fertile shores of Malawi are densely populated. The Yao people mainly live here, as well as the Sena, Cheva, Ngoni people. The average life expectancy of humans is 41 years. Occupations: Agriculture: tobacco, vegetables, cotton, tea, sugar cane, corn. Fishing. Industry - cement, consumer goods, electricity.

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Mauritania 3/4 of the entire territory of the country is located on the western tip of the Sahara, but the sand dunes continue their advance inland, forcing many nomads to a settled way of life. The most precious thing for the inhabitants is water, the country suffers from constant drought. Development: mining, leather industry, beans, dates, rice.

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Morocco The artificially irrigated oasis city of Tiznit lies right in the middle of the desert. On the horizon you can see the Anti-Atlas mountain range stretching for many kilometers. Make a trip to Morocco is worth at least for the sake of nature. In this country you will find beautiful beaches, snowy peaks, desert landscapes that will take your breath away.

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Agadir - Moroccan beach resort The long sandy beaches in the bay of Agadir annually attract a large number of tourists from Europe to this Moroccan port city. For them, along the coast there is a vast zone of comfortable hotels and beach complexes. In 1960, a powerful earthquake left no stone unturned from the city (in 15 seconds).

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Niger Most of the territory is occupied by sandy deserts. Vegetation is extremely rare. One of the largest and sparsely populated countries in Africa. The river flows only in the extreme southwest of the country. Great hopes in this poor country are placed on uranium deposits. Agriculture: millet, rice, cotton, peanuts, dates, vegetables, livestock.