Socrates church history. Scholastic Socrates

Leontius the Scholastic Foreword The work, the translation of which is published below, is one of the most mysterious in the Leontief Corps. Its very name can be understood in different ways and, accordingly, translated in different ways. Above we have given used in

KOMITA SCHOLASTIC

KOMITA SCHOLASTIC HEALING OF THE RELAXED (IX century) I became completely relaxed, from the very waist to the heels, For a long time I was deprived of my former strength. I am neither alive nor dead, the nearest neighbor is Aida, Only everything that breathed, but otherwise was like a corpse. Wise, however, Philip,

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He read little of the writings of the Church Fathers - the Cappadocians (Basil the Great, two Grigorievs - the Theologian and Nyssa), which responds very unfavorably to his history.

From the ancient, pre-Origenian Christian literature, Socrates knows only the names of Clement of Alexandria, Irenaeus of Lyons, Apollinaris of Hierapolis.

They think that he was a lawyer, but not famous. Several expressions in his writings, misread, have given rise to some scholars to assume his close relationship or even belonging to the Orthodox clergy; the best critics of Socrates consider him a layman.

Socrates was self-taught in theology and did not have firm and stable ideas about the true teaching of the Church. He liked the witty and thoughtful reasoning of learned heretics, such as Philostorgius and especially Savinus, Bishop of Heraclius. With all his caution, Socrates uses their information and judgments a lot (both works have come down to us in their entirety) in his "Church History" (brought by him, as he says, to the beginning of the XVII consulate of Emperor Theodosius II), written in - gg. ., although a significant part of it is the defense of the Council of Nicaea against Savin, an Arian.

Many writers (Nikephor Kallistos, Labbe, Baronius, etc.) consider Socrates a Novatian, thinking that he was born into a Novatian family; others believe that even in his youth he sincerely converted to Orthodoxy and, admiring the valor of his opponents, nevertheless struck them with the strength of his polemics.

) - Byzantine Christian historian of Greek origin, author of "Εκκλησιαστική Ιστορία" - "Church History" in 7 books.

Biography

Already in ancient times, there was no information about his biography, except for the facts mentioned by him in the "Church History", a work created on the model of the work of the same name by Eusebius Caesarea, where the role of the emperor in church affairs is actively outlined, and the same attention is paid to secular problems, as well as religious.

Socrates' teachers, judging by his references, were grammarians named Helladius and Ammonius, who arrived in Constantinople from Alexandria, where they were pagan priests. The uprising, accompanied by the destruction of temples, forced them into exile. This defeat, during which, in particular, the Serapeum temple was destroyed, dates back to about 391. Apparently, he belonged to a wealthy class, since he had the opportunity to receive an excellent education. He studied grammar, rhetoric, biblical exegesis, knew Latin authors very well.

Whether Socrates later studied with the sophist Troilus has not been fully proven. In later years he traveled, visiting among other things Paphlagonia and Cyprus.

There is also no information about the profession of Socrates. It is suggested that he was not a priest, motivated by his liberal theology; he could not have been an official either, since in his work there are no panegyric descriptions of imperial deeds characteristic of such authors - although at the same time he clearly sympathizes with the existing order of things. Judging by the text, it is assumed that he was a lawyer, in addition, the title "Scholastic" gives many a reason to see him as a "lawyer" (but Patriarch Photius defiantly omits this nickname).

The education received from pagan grammarians was the reason for Socrates' respect for Greek pagan science; he willingly studied—though critical in defense of Christianity—the writings of Julian and Livanius; of the more ancient writers, he, as shown by Baur and Harnack, especially respected Thucydides, whom he tried to imitate in speech and composition. He began to study Christian authors only at the time when he had already begun writing his church history.

Socrates was self-taught in theology and did not have firm and stable ideas about the true teaching of the church. He liked the witty and thoughtful arguments of learned heretics, such as Philostorgius, and especially Savinus, Bishop of Heraclius. With all his caution, he uses their information and judgments a lot (both of their works have come down to us in their entirety).

"Church History"

The work of Socrates Scholasticus covers the years 305-439, and scientists suggest that it was completed precisely in 439 or shortly after that, and, of course, during the life of Theodosius II, that is, before 450. The author's task was to write a continuation of Eusebius' Ecclesiastical History, and he begins from the year at which his predecessor stopped his narrative.

The book is written in plain Greek, which was used in the church from the time of Constantine to the period of the life of Socrates. Church disagreements come to the fore in the work, because " when the Church is in the world, the church historian has nothing to describe". In the introduction to Book 5, the author also defends interaction with Arians and politicians. Literally quotes some resolutions of the synods and gives lists of officials from the church and bishops. He reproduces contemporary history from his own recollections.

The point of view of Socrates Scholastic on many points is sustained and balanced. His belonging to a small society of Novatians, most likely, helped him maintain a relatively detached point of view when looking at the processes in the Great Church. He is critical of John Chrysostom. He tries not to use hyperbolic epithets in relation to prominent persons of church and state.

The Scholastic states that he owes the impulse to write this book to a certain Theodorus, who is referred to in Book 2 as " holy man of God”, and therefore it is assumed that he was a monk or a representative of the higher clergy.

The fate of the book

Already in 696, the work was translated into Armenian. Preserved in two editions - lengthy and short. Early listings date back to the 12th century.

The first edition of the Ecclesiastical History in Greek was produced in the sixteenth century by Robert Estienne in Paris, 1544, on the basis of the Codex Regius of 1443. It was translated into Latin by John Christophorson in 1612. The fundamental early edition, however, was the work of Henrikus Valesius (Henri Valois), published in Paris in 1668. When compiling the text, he compared several extant manuscripts: Codex Regius, Codex Vaticanus, Codex Florentinus, as well as the retelling of Scholastic by Theodorus Lector (Codex Leonis Alladi).

Socrates Scholastic. Church history / Per. SPbDA, ed. I. V. Krivushina. - M. : Rosspan, 1996. - 368 p. - (Classics of antiquity and the Middle Ages). - 2000 copies.

Research:

• Shirinyan M.S. The historical work of Socrates Scholastic and its ancient Armenian versions: (From the history of Byzantine-Armenian cultural relations). Abstract diss. ... to. and. n. Er., 1987.
• Theresa Urbainczyk, Socrates of Constantinople, University of Michigan Press, 1997

Socrates Scholastic(Greek or, Lat. Socrates Scholasticus) (c. 380, Constantinople - after 439) - Byzantine Christian historian of Greek origin, author of "" - "Church History" in 7 books.

Biography

Already in ancient times, there was no information about his biography, except for the facts mentioned by him in the "Church History", a work created on the model of the work of the same name by Eusebius of Caesarea, where the role of the emperor in church affairs is actively outlined, and the same attention is paid to secular problems, as well as religious.

Socrates' teachers, judging by his references, were grammarians named Helladius and Ammonius, who arrived in Constantinople from Alexandria, where they were pagan priests. The uprising, accompanied by the destruction of temples, forced them into exile. This defeat, during which, in particular, the temple of the Serapeum was destroyed, dates back to about 391. Apparently, he belonged to a wealthy class, since he had the opportunity to receive an excellent education. He studied grammar, rhetoric, biblical exegesis, knew Latin authors very well.

Whether Socrates later studied with the sophist Troilus has not been fully proven. In later years he traveled, visiting among other places Paphlagonia and Cyprus.

There is also no information about the profession of Socrates. It is suggested that he was not a priest, motivated by his liberal theology; he could not have been an official either, since in his work there are no panegyric descriptions of imperial deeds characteristic of such authors - although at the same time he clearly sympathizes with the existing order of things. Judging by the text, it is assumed that he was a lawyer, in addition, the title "Scholastic" gives many a reason to see him as a "lawyer" (but Patriarch Photius defiantly omits this nickname).

The education received from pagan grammarians was the reason for Socrates' respect for Greek pagan science; he willingly studied - although he criticized, defending Christianity - the writings of Julian and Livanius; of the older writers, he, as shown by Baur and Harnack, especially respected Thucydides, whom he tried to imitate in speech and composition. He began to study Christian authors only at the time when he had already begun writing his church history.

He read and knew Eusebius, Philostorgius, Rufinus, Savinus, Athanasius the Great, "Acts" of Archelaus, "Anchor" of St. Epiphanius, the writings of George of Laodicea, stories about the monasticism of Evagrius and Palladius, the writings of the heretic Nestorius. He did not know Origen enough, not so much from his writings, but from the apology written by his friend Pamphilus. He read little of the writings of the Church Fathers - the Cappadocians (Basil the Great, two Grigorievs - the Theologian and Nyssa), which responds very unfavorably to his history. Of the ancient, pre-Originian Christian literature, Socrates knows only the names of Clement of Alexandria, Irenaeus of Lyons, Apollinaris of Hierapolis.

Socrates was self-taught in theology and did not have firm and stable ideas about the true teaching of the church. He liked the witty and thoughtful arguments of learned heretics, such as Philostorgius, and especially Savinus, Bishop of Heraclius. With all his caution, he uses their information and judgments a lot (both of their works have come down to us in their entirety).

"Church History"

The work of Socrates Scholasticus covers the years 305-439, and scientists suggest that it was completed precisely in 439 or shortly after that, and, of course, during the life of Theodosius II, that is, before 450. The author's task was to write a continuation of Eusebius' Ecclesiastical History, and he begins from the year at which his predecessor stopped his narrative.

The book is written in plain Greek, which was used in the church from the time of Constantine to the period of the life of Socrates. Church disagreements come to the fore in the work, because "when the Church is in the world, the church historian has nothing to describe." In the introduction to Book 5, the author also defends interaction with Arians and politicians. Literally quotes some resolutions of the synods and gives lists of officials from the church and bishops. He reproduces contemporary history from his own recollections.

Socrates Scholastic (~380 - after 439)

Socrates Scholastic (gr. Σωκράτης ο Ιστορικός or Σχολαστικός - "scientist", scholia- "school")

Already in ancient times, there was no information about his biography, except for the facts mentioned by himself in the “Church History”, a work created on the model of the work of the same name by Eusebius of Caesarea, where the role of the emperor in church affairs is actively outlined, and the same attention is paid to secular problems, as well as religious.

Socrates' teachers, judging by his references, were grammarians named Helladius and Ammonius, who arrived in Constantinople from Alexandria, where they were pagan priests. The uprising, accompanied by the destruction of temples, forced them into exile. This defeat, during which, in particular, the temple of the Serapeum was destroyed, dates back to about 391. Apparently, he belonged to a wealthy class, since he had the opportunity to receive an excellent education. He studied grammar, rhetoric, biblical exegesis, knew Latin authors very well.

Whether Socrates later studied with the sophist Troilus has not been fully proven. In later years he traveled, visiting among other places Paphlagonia and Cyprus.

There is also no information about the profession of Socrates. It is suggested that he was not a priest, motivated by his liberal theology; he could not have been an official either, since in his work there are no panegyric descriptions of imperial deeds characteristic of such authors - although at the same time he clearly sympathizes with the existing order of things. Judging by the text, it is assumed that he was a lawyer, in addition, the title "Scholastic" gives many a reason to see him as a "lawyer" (but Patriarch Photius defiantly omits this nickname).

The education received from pagan grammarians was the reason for Socrates' respect for Greek pagan science; he willingly studied - although he criticized, defending - the writings of Julian and Livanius; of the older writers, he, as shown by Baur and Harnack, especially respected Thucydides, whom he tried to imitate in speech and composition. He began to study Christian authors only at the time when he had already begun writing his church history.

He read and knew Eusebius Pamphilus, Philostorgius, Rufinus of Aquileia, Savin, Athanasius the Great, "Acts" of Archelaus, "Anchor" of St. Epiphanius, the writings of George of Laodicea, stories about the monasticism of Evagrius and Palladius, the writings of the heretic Nestorius. He did not know Origen enough, not so much from his writings, but from the apology written by his friend Pamphilus. He read little of the writings of the Church Fathers - the Cappadocians (Basil the Great, Gregory the Theologian and Gregory of Nyssa), which responds very unfavorably to his history. Of the ancient, pre-Origenian Christian literature, Socrates knows only the names of Clement of Alexandria, Irenaeus of Lyons, Apollinaris of Hierapolis.

Socrates was self-taught in theology and did not have firm and stable ideas about the true teaching of the Church. He liked the witty and thoughtful arguments of learned heretics, such as Philostorgius, and especially Savinus, Bishop of Heraclius. With all his caution, he uses their information and judgments a lot (both of their works have come down to us in their entirety).