Pavel Ivanovich Mishchenko was born on January 22, 1853 in a Russian fortress called Temir-Khan-Shura in Dagestan. He studied at the 1st Moscow Military Gymnasium, graduated (in 1871) from the 1st Pavlovsk Military School, Officer Artillery School.
After graduating from college, he began serving in the 38th Artillery Brigade as an ensign. In 1873 he took part in the Khiva campaign.
P. I. Mishchenko participated in the Russian-Turkish war of 1877-1878 and the Ahal-Tekin expedition of 1880-1881.
Since 1899, P. I. Mishchenko continued to serve in the Far East, holding the position of assistant chief of the security guard of the East China Railway. In 1900-1901, he took part in hostilities during the “Chinese Campaign” (the suppression of the “Boxer Rebellion”), establishing himself as an experienced and courageous commander. After this, he was promoted to major general (June 2, 1901). On December 22, 1900 he was awarded the Order of St. George 4th degree
Since 1903, P.I. Mishchenko held the position of commander of a separate Transbaikal Cossack brigade. During the Russo-Japanese War in May and June 1904, a separate Transbaikal Cossack brigade, which he commanded, held back the Japanese advance on Gaijou and Sahotan, and during the Battle of Liaoyang covered the right flank of Russian troops during the retreat to Mukden. On October 22, 1904, Mishchenko was promoted to lieutenant general. During one of the battles in December 1904, he received a bullet wound in the leg (patella). In the battle of Sandepu he commanded a cavalry detachment. Under his command, in January 1905, the so-called Yingkou Raid was carried out - a cavalry raid deep behind enemy lines. From February 17 to August 30, 1905, he was the head of the Ural-Trans-Baikal consolidated Cossack division.
From May 2, 1908 to March 17, 1909, Pavel Ivanovich Mishchenko served as Turkestan Governor-General and commanded the troops of the Turkestan Military District. During this period, he was also the assigned military ataman of the Semirechensk Cossack army.
On September 22 (old style), 1908, during maneuvers in the mountainous area in the upper reaches of the Geomi-su mountain river near Ashgabat, Private Vasily Kharin fired several shots with live ammunition at P. I. Mishchenko, commander of the TurkVO troops, who was observing the exercise as part of a group of officers. As a result, Mishchenko was wounded in the leg, and his orderly, the cornet of the 1st Caucasian Cossack Regiment Zabei-Vorota, who was in the commander’s retinue, was also wounded.
Since 1910, P. I. Mishchenko became an artillery general, and in the period from February 1911 to September 1912 he served as a military ataman of the Don Army.
During the First World War, he first commanded units of the 2nd Caucasian Army Corps (Caucasian Grenadier and 51st Infantry Divisions) and then, from March 1915, the 31st Army Corps on the Southwestern Front.
According to Zalessky, after the February Revolution, in connection with the processes of “democratization” of the army, expressed, for example, in the formation of councils of soldiers’ deputies in military units, and the processes of purging the senior command staff of the Russian army from “monarchical elements,” P. I. Mishchenko was removed from his post corps commander and was dismissed from service due to illness with a uniform and a pension. In 1917 he left for his homeland in Dagestan. After his resignation, he constantly wore insignia. When in 1918, during a search in his house in Temir-Khan-Shura, representatives of the new government took away his shoulder straps and military awards, Pavel Ivanovich Mishchenko shot himself.
Raid on Yingkou
During the Russo-Japanese War, the Russian command developed a military operation plan to disrupt the enemy's offensive. To do this, a combined cavalry detachment of General Mishchenko was sent to the Japanese rear in the hope of cutting off the Japanese railway communication in the Liaohe - Port Arthur section and preventing the transfer of their troops. This operation became known in history as the "Raid on Yingkou".
Detachment of Adjutant General P.I. Mishchenko was formed from the cavalry of all three armies and numbered about 75 hundreds and squadrons with 22 mounted guns and 4 machine guns. The detachment included the Ural-Trans-Baikal Cossack Division, the Caucasian Cavalry Brigade (before this, one hundred of its Terek-Kuban Cossack Regiment was disbanded due to unrest), the 4th Don Cossack Division, the Primorsky Dragoon Regiment, several mounted hunting teams of Siberian riflemen , a combined hundred of the commander-in-chief's reconnaissance division, four fifty mounted border guards, a mounted sapper team. The detachment's artillery consisted of two Transbaikal Cossack batteries, one horse battery and a piston foot half-battery. In total, the detachment numbered a little over 7 thousand people. The main goal of the raid was to destroy the railway, including railway bridges, in the Liaoyang-Tashichao-Dalny section and thereby complicate the transfer of the besieging 3rd Japanese Army from Port Arthur. Engaging in frequent skirmishes and short skirmishes with the Japanese and Honghuzes along the way, on December 30, 1904, the detachment of General P.I. Mishchenko unhinderedly approached the port city of Yingkou. According to the intelligence officers, “there were 2 or even 20 million rubles worth of reserves concentrated there.” For the attack scheduled for the evening, 15 squadrons and hundreds were allocated, the rest were in reserve. “The order was sent to the assault column to blow up everything they could and leave.” Before the attack, Russian horse artillery shelled Yingkou and set fire to numerous army warehouses, which burned for several days. However, the flames of the fire illuminated the area, and the Japanese fired aimed fire at the attacking Russian cavalry and repelled the attack. Squadrons of Nizhyn dragoons were sent to help. However, a weak, assembled detachment of cavalry, parts of which had not studied or practiced attacking in a dismounted battle formation, rushed head-on at the infantry that had strengthened and prepared to meet them and was repulsed with great damage. Mishchenko wanted to repeat the attack on horseback with larger forces, but he was informed from the patrol line that a large Japanese detachment was rushing from nearby Tashichao to the rescue of the Yingkou garrison. The Russian cavalry had to retreat from the city of Yingkou, which was burning in many places, and began to retreat to the location of the Manchurian army. Marshal Oyama, concerned about such deep sabotage of the enemy, began to maneuver his rear troops and tried to intercept the cavalry detachment of General P.I. Mishchenko. During the retreat to the village of Sinyupuchenza, the division was surrounded by Japanese troops. In the last battle, the 24th and 26th Don regiments distinguished themselves, forcing the enemy to retreat. On January 16, the cavalry, along with the rest of the detachment, returned to the location of the Russian troops.
The results of the Russian cavalry raid were modest. In 8 days the detachment covered a distance of 270 kilometers. During the raid, several Japanese military teams were defeated, up to 600 transport carts with military supplies were destroyed, warehouses in the port city of Yingkou were set on fire, the enemy's telephone and telegraph communications were disrupted in a number of places, two trains were derailed, and 19 prisoners were taken. During the raid operation, the detachment lost 408 people and 158 horses killed and wounded in battles. The cavalry detachment did not fulfill the main goal of the raid: the railway track, destroyed in many places, was restored by Japanese repair teams in just 6 hours. The army of Colonel General Noga, which was in high fighting spirit after the capture of Port Arthur, was freely transported by rail from Kwantung to the fields of Manchuria.
Pavel Ivanovich's comrades considered this raid to be the only unsuccessful operation carried out under his command. However, despite the fact that Yingkou could not be taken, Mishchenko managed to avoid encirclement and saved the combined detachment from complete destruction.
Mishchenko Pavel Ivanovich
01/22/1853, Temir-Khan-Shura, Dagestan - 1918, Temir-Khan-Shura, Dagestan
Orthodox. Wife - Lyubov Alekseevna, daughter of a colonel Slyusarenko, son - Mikhail.
He took part in the Khiva campaign of 1873, in the Russian-Turkish war of 1877-78, in the Chinese campaign of 1900-1901, in the Russian-Japanese war of 1904-05.
Education: 1st Military Moscow Gymnasium (1869), 1st Military Pavlovsk School (1871, 1st category, cadet ensign in the 2nd Battery of the 38th Artillery Brigade), Officer Artillery School (1886, “successfully”)
Ranks: entered service (08/11/1869), ensign (Vys. pr. 08/11/1871), second lieutenant (11/6/1872), lieutenant (12/29/1873), staff captain (12/9/1876), captain (12/18/1878), lieutenant colonel (10/5/1889), colonel (5/14/1896), major general “for distinction in cases against the Chinese” (06/2/1901), major general of the Suite (Vys. pr. 08.11.1904), lieutenant general “for distinction in cases against the Japanese” (Art. 22.10.1904), adjutant general (Vys. pr. 10.22.1904), artillery general (Art. 6.12. 1910)
Service: in the 2nd battery of the 38th artillery brigade (08/11/1871-?), sent to Warsaw to receive long-range artillery (1879), transferred to the 41st artillery brigade (01/3/1880), trained at the Officer Artillery School (1.02) .-09/13/1886), commander of the 3rd sortie battery of the Brest-Litovsk fortress artillery (10/5/1889-10/8/1893), commander of the 1st battery of the 32nd artillery brigade (as of 09/1/1893), commander of the 1st separate light Transcaspian battery (October 8, 1893-?), battalion commander - 9 liters. 3 m., assistant to the Minister of Finance, Major General Gerngross (03/06/1899-06/2/1901), commander of the 1st Brigade of the 39th Infantry Division (06/2/1901-03/9/1902), at the disposal of the commander of the Kwantung Region troops (9.03.1902-23.03.1903), head of the department of the Transbaikal Cossack army (23.03.1903-17.02.1905), head of the Ural-Transbaikal combined Cossack division (17.02.-30.08.1905), at the disposal of the commander-in-chief in the Far East (30.08. -11/9/1905), commander of the consolidated cavalry corps (11/9/1905-05/5/1906), commander of the troops and temporary governor-general of the Vladivostok fortress and fortress area (01/12/1905-5/05/1906), at the disposal of the Minister of War (05/5/21/09) .1906), commander (09/21/1906-05/2/1908), Turkestan Governor-General, commander of the troops of the Turkestan Military District and military ataman of the Semirechensk Cossack Army (05/2/1908-03/17/1909), at the disposal of the commander-in-chief of the troops of the Caucasian Military District ( 12.23.1910-?), military ataman of the Don Army (02.23.1911-09.23.1912), with the troops of the Caucasian Military District (09.23.1912-after 04.15.1914), commander of the 2nd Caucasian Army Corps (10.08. 1914-02/23/1915), commander of the 31st Army Corps (03/15/1915-04/16/1917), dismissed from service due to illness with a uniform and pension (04/16/1917)
Awards: A3mb (Vys. pr. 1874), V4mb (Vys. pr. 1880), C2 “for success in sciences” (Vys. pr. 1886), A2 (Vys. pr. 07.15.1893), G4 “For outstanding feats during military operations in Manchuria, and, being surrounded in the Manchurian region by many times superior forces of the Chinese, he managed to break through with the ranks entrusted to him, inflicting great damage on the Chinese and leaving no trophies in the hands of the enemy" (Vys. pr. 12.22.1900), B3m “for differences in cases against the Chinese” (Vys. pr. 02/5/1903), C1 “for differences in cases against the Japanese” (Vys. pr. 08/14/1904), Golden saber, shaved. decorated "for repelling a Japanese attack near the village of Sendyayu on July 10, 13 and 14"(Vys. pr. 08/21/1904), A1m (Vys. pr. 08/28/1905), B2 (Vys. pr. 12/8/1908), BO (Vys. pr. 05/6/1911), Vys. gratitude "for excellent and diligent service in the position of ataman of the Don Army" (Vys. pr. 09.23.1912), Academy of Sciences (Vys. pr. 10.25.1914), medal in memory of the 100th anniversary of the Patriotic War of 1812 (), medal for the Khavinsky campaign in 1873, a medal for the Central Asian campaigns, a medal for the campaign in China in 1900-1901, a medal in memory of the 300th anniversary of the reign of the House of Romanov.
Foreign awards: Bukhara Order of the Rising Golden Star, 3rd class. (05/20/1895), Serbian Order of the White Eagle, 1st class. (09.1906), Prussian Order of the Red Eagle, 1st class. with swords (10/6/1907), Bukhara Order "Iskander Salis" (12/6/1908), Chinese Order of the Double Dragon, 2nd category ()
Other information: was on the lists of the 1st Transbaikal Cossack Battery, in the military class of the Department of Internal Affairs under Art. Krivyanskaya. Honorary Cossack Art. Krivyanskaya, Chertkovskaya, Nagavskaya, honorary old man Art. Nikolaev Department of Internal Affairs. In 1917 he left for his homeland. Constantly wore insignia; when the Bolsheviks came to his house and during a search they took away his shoulder straps and awards, he shot himself.
Photo:
Mishchenko Pavel Ivanovich, circa 1904
Sources:
Zalessky K.A. Who was who in the First World War. Biographical encyclopedic dictionary. M., 2003.
List of adjutant generals, major generals of His Majesty's Suite and adjutant wings by seniority, 01/01/1913.
List of generals by seniority, 07/1/1908
List of generals by seniority, 01/01/1911
List of generals by seniority, 06/1/1911
List of lieutenant colonels by seniority, 05/1/1890
List of lieutenant colonels by seniority, 05/1/1891
List of lieutenant colonels by seniority, 09/1/1893
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Biography
Pavel Ivanovich Mishchenko was born on January 22, 1853 in a Russian fortress called Temir-Khan-Shura in Dagestan. He studied at the 1st Moscow Military Gymnasium, graduated (in 1871) from the 1st Pavlovsk Military School, Officer Artillery School.
After graduating from college, he began serving in the 38th Artillery Brigade as an ensign. In 1873 he took part in the Khiva campaign.
Medal "For the Khiva Campaign"
On September 22 (old style), 1908, during maneuvers in the mountainous area in the upper reaches of the Geomi-su mountain river near Ashgabat, Private Vasily Kharin fired several shots with live ammunition at P. I. Mishchenko, commander of the TurkVO troops, who was observing the exercise as part of a group of officers. As a result, Mishchenko was wounded in the leg, and his orderly, the cornet of the 1st Caucasian Cossack Regiment Zabei-Vorota, who was in the commander’s retinue, was also wounded.
From 1910, P. I. Mishchenko became an artillery general, and from February 1911 to September 1912, he served as a military ataman of the Don Army.
I will give an example of two widely known, outstanding military commanders - the commander of the 9th Army Lechitsky and Com. housing Mishchenko. Both served on the outskirts of our vast Russia, especially distinguished themselves during the Japanese War, which promoted them to high positions. Deeply military in spirit, imbued with love for military affairs, to which they gave their long service to the Fatherland, always modest, they left their posts with a heavy heart, since their conscience did not allow them to remain spectators of the destruction of the Army. Lechitsky, an old bachelor, left for the Vyatka province, where his father was a village priest, and quickly died. Mishchenko - to his wife in the Dagestan region, where they had a house with a garden. After the communists spoke, although the local Soviet of Deputies treated him with respect, he demanded that his shoulder straps be removed. The old, wounded military general replied: “I don’t go outside the garden fence, from the age of 10 I got used to wearing shoulder straps with them and I’ll go to bed in a coffin.” And he shot himself.
A few days after our departure, the Bolshevik government restored in Shura decided to pay attention to the peacefully living general Mishchenko. One of the commissars, if my memory serves me correctly, Kargalsky, accompanied by a detachment of Red Army soldiers from Astrakhan, came to the general’s dacha and declared to his wife that he wanted to see his comrade general. General Mishchenko came out, as always, in an officer’s jacket with shoulder straps and the St. George’s Cross around his neck. The commissar’s first phrase was: “That’s it, comrade, first take off these trinkets, and then we’ll talk.” The Red Army soldiers behaved impudently, defiantly and tried to rip off his shoulder straps. General Mishchenko looked at them closely, and then, without saying a word, turned around, entered his house, went up to his room and shot himself.
Raid on Yingkou
Pavel Ivanovich's comrades considered this raid to be the only unsuccessful operation carried out under his command. However, despite the fact that Yingkou could not be taken, Mishchenko managed to avoid encirclement and saved the combined detachment from complete destruction.
Governor General
Using the unlimited power given to him, Pavel Ivanovich did a lot “for the prosperity of the lands entrusted to him.” And a lot of people succeed in this. The reward for work in the military-administrative field is the Russian Order of St. Vladimir, 2nd degree, from the Russian monarch and the Order of Iskander Salis, awarded to the military general by the Emir of Bukhara.
Conscientiously fulfilling the duties of his new administrative position, Mishchenko is clearly burdened by it, asking, as the greatest favor, to be transferred to the troops. And in the fall of 1912 he received a new appointment - he became the commander of the 2nd Caucasian Army Corps. At the head of which he meets the First World War.
Great War
“In these damned forests, the Russians showed their wolf teeth,” a subsequently killed German officer wrote in his diary. “We thought at first that they were Japanese, but then it turned out that they were Caucasian Circassians.”
No "Circassians" in
My great-grandfather Pyotr Timofeevich Logvinenko was married to Elizaveta Mishchenko, the daughter of the Cossack ataman, a descendant of the Zaporozhye Cossacks, General Pavel Ivanovich Mishchenko,
Although they gave me a different middle name, Petrovna, they said that she was the daughter of an ataman, the Cossack troops did not have other atamans Mishchenko at that time, then most likely she was not Petrovna, but Pavlovna, but Petrovna was registered in Soviet times so as not to be pursued by the Reds.
Cavalry general and adjutant general Pavel Ivanovich Mishchenko, served as military chieftain for a little over a year. He came from Ukrainians and considered himself a descendant of the Zaporozhye Cossacks. A hero of the Russian-Japanese War of 1904-1905, he distinguished himself in the famous cavalry raid on Yingkou. Representatives of the Japanese military mission, who were then on the Don, told Mishchenko that his raid could be considered an example of military tactics, which proved the undoubted military talent of P.I. Mishchenko. Under him, the remains of M.I. Platov, V.V. Orlov-Denisov, I.E. were transferred to the tomb of the military Ascension Cathedral. Efremova and YAP. Baklanova. The historian P.Kh., who was present at this funeral celebration. Popov wrote: “Let the memory of these glorious sons of the Don be passed on and sacredly preserved in the distant descendants of the Don Cossacks, let the young generations at their graves learn, just like these heroes, to ardently and boundlessly love their native land, from the ashes of these heroes the Don people draw inspiration for true service to the Tsar and the Fatherland." During Mishchenko's atamanship on the Don, the 100th anniversary of the victory of the Russians in the Patriotic War of 1812 and the heroic exploits of the Don people in it was widely and solemnly celebrated. P.I. Mishchenko was, according to contemporaries, a kind and sympathetic person, distinguished by “soldier’s honesty and straightforwardness, which ruined his administrative career.” In World War 1 P.I. Mishchenko commanded the 32nd Army Corps, operating on the Western Front. Having failed to achieve noticeable success, he was removed from command.
Died in 1919.
“I’ll give an example of two well-known, outstanding military commanders - the commander of the 9th Army Lechitsky and the commanding corps Mishchenko. Both served on the outskirts of our vast Russia, especially distinguished themselves during the Japanese War, which promoted them to high positions. Deeply military in spirit, imbued with love for military affairs, to which they gave their long service to the Fatherland, always modest, they left their posts with a heavy heart, because their conscience did not allow them to remain spectators of the destruction of the Army. Lechitsky, an old bachelor, left for the Vyatka province, where his father was a village priest, and quickly died. Mishchenko - to his wife in the Dagestan region, where they had a house with a garden. After the communists came out, although the local Soviet of Deputies treated him with respect, he demanded to remove his shoulder straps. Old, wounded the military general replied: “I don’t go outside the garden fence, from the age of 10 I got used to wearing shoulder straps with them and I’ll go to bed in a coffin.” And he shot himself.”
| Pavel Ivanovich Mishchenko | |
 Adjutant General P.I. Mishchenko. (2nd half of the 1900s - 1st half of the 1910s) |
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| Date of Birth | January 22 |
|---|---|
| Place of Birth | Temir-Khan-Shura, Dagestan |
| Date of death | 1918 |
| A place of death | Temir-Khan-Shura, Dagestan |
| Affiliation | |
| Type of army | Cossack troops |
| Years of service | 1871—1917 |
| Rank | Adjutant General (1905) |
| Commanded | commander of the Turkestan Military District and assigned military ataman of the Semirechensk Cossack Army (May 2, 1908 - March 17, 1909), military ataman of the Don Army (February 23, 1911 - September 23, 1912), during the First World War (1914-1917) commanded the 2nd Caucasian Army Corps, then the 31st Army Corps on the Western Front. |
| Battles/wars | Turkestan campaigns, Russian-Turkish war, Chinese campaign, Russo-Japanese War, World War I |
| Awards and prizes | Order of St. Anne 3rd class. (with swords and bow) (1873), Order of St. Vladimir, 4th class. (with swords and bow) (1881), Order of St. George, 4th class. (1901), Order of St. Vladimir, 3rd class. (1901), Golden weapon “For bravery”, Order of St. Anne 1st class, Order of St. Alexander Nevsky with swords (1914). |
| Retired | since April 1917 |
1904−1905 - about 2 thousand Kuban Cossacks took part in the Russian-Japanese War. In May 1905, Cossacks under the command of General P. I. Mishchenko captured 800 Japanese soldiers during a horse raid and destroyed an enemy artillery depot.
| Mishchenko |
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| Mishchenko(Polish Miszczenko) - Little Russian noble family. Descends from a colonel of the Zaporozhye army Savva Mishchenko, who left in 1669 to serve Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich. The Mishchenko family is included in Part VI of the genealogical book of the Kyiv province. Description of the coat of armsIn the shield, which has a blue field, there is a silver Pillar placed perpendicularly, with a Crown on the surface.The shield is topped with a noble helmet with a noble crown on it. Crest: in the shield there is a designated Pillar with a Crown. The marking on the shield is blue, lined with silver. The coat of arms of the Mishchenko family is included in Part 4 of the General Arms of Arms of the Noble Families of the All-Russian Empire, p. 123. |
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Mishchenko Pavel Ivanovich (January 22, 1853-1918) - Russian military and statesman, participant in the Turkestan campaigns, Turkestan Governor-General, commander of the Turkestan Military District.
Pavel Ivanovich Mishchenko was born on January 22, 1853 in a Russian fortress called Temir-Khan-Shura in Dagestan. He studied at the 1st Moscow Military Gymnasium, graduated (in 1871) from the 1st Pavlovsk Military School, Officer Artillery School. After graduating from school, he began serving in the 38th Artillery Brigade as an ensign. In 1873 he took part in the Khiva campaign. P. I. Mishchenko participated in the Russian-Turkish war of 1877-1878 and the Ahal-Tekin expedition of 1880-1881. Since 1899, P. I. Mishchenko continued to serve in the Far East, holding the position of assistant chief of the security guard of the East China Railway. In 1900-1901, he took part in hostilities during the “Chinese Campaign” (the suppression of the “Boxer Rebellion”), establishing himself as an experienced and courageous commander. After this he was promoted to major general. On December 22, 1900 he was awarded the Order of St. George, 4th degree For outstanding feats during military operations in Manchuria, and, being surrounded in the Manchurian region by many times superior Chinese forces, he managed to break through with the ranks entrusted to him, inflicting great damage on the Chinese and leaving no trophies in the hands of the enemy. Since 1903, P.I. Mishchenko held the position of commander of a separate Transbaikal Cossack brigade. During the Russo-Japanese War in May and June 1904, a separate Transbaikal Cossack brigade, which he commanded, held back the Japanese advance on Gaijou and Sahotan, and during the Battle of Liaoyang covered the right flank of Russian troops during the retreat to Mukden. During one of the battles in December 1904, he was wounded in the leg. From February to April 1905, he was the head of the Ural-Transbaikal consolidated Cossack division. From May 2, 1908 to March 17, 1909, Pavel Ivanovich Mishchenko served as Turkestan Governor-General and commanded the troops of the Turkestan Military District. During this period, he was also the assigned military ataman of the Semirechensk Cossack army. From 1910, P. I. Mishchenko became an artillery general, and in the period from 1911 to 1912 he served as military ataman of the Don Army. During the First World War, he commanded first the 2nd Caucasian Army Corps and then, from 1915, the 31st Army Corps on the Southwestern Front. According to Zalessky, after the February Revolution, in connection with the processes of “democratization” of the army, expressed, for example, in the formation of councils of soldiers’ deputies in military units, and the processes of cleansing the senior command staff of the Russian army from “monarchical elements” P. I. Mishchenko was removed from the post of corps commander and dismissed from service due to illness with a uniform and a pension. After his resignation, he constantly wore insignia. When in 1918, during a search in his house in Temir-Khan-Shura, representatives of the new government took away his shoulder straps and military awards, Pavel Ivanovich Mishchenko shot himself.
