Epic "Sadko" analysis of the work - theme, idea, characteristics
Bylina "Sadko" analysis
Genre: epic
Theme of the epic "Sadko": a story about the life and adventures of the Novgorod guslar Sadko, who became rich and became a merchant.
The idea of the epic "Sadko": Celebrating skill and perseverance in achieving a goal.
the main idea: any master of your craft and you will achieve a lot.
The main characters of the epic"Sadko"— Sadko, merchants, sea king, Chernavushka, Nikolai Mozhaisky
Composition of the epic "Sadko"
- Exposition: the glorious guslar Sadko lived in Novgorod.
- The beginning: They stopped inviting him to so-called feasts.
- Development of events: The guslar went to the shore of Lake Ilmen, played the gusli gloriously for three days, on the advice of the king of the sea, he made a bet with the merchants of Novgorod that fish with golden fins were found in Lake Ilmen, won Sadko’s establishment, and became a Novgorod merchant.
- Climax: he makes a bet with the establishment that he will buy all the goods in Novgorod.
- Denouement: I bought goods for three days, and they were brought in again, so I realized that Novgorod was richer than him, and admitted defeat.
- The beginning: Sadko equips ships for long voyages.
- Developments: he trades well in the Golden Horde, on the way back the king asks for a sea ransom, not gold, silver, pearls, he waits for Sadko himself.
- Climax: Sadko with a harp goes to the ocean of the seas to the king of the sea.
- Denouement: gloriously plays the harp for the king of the sea, and on the advice of Nicholas of Mozhaisky breaks the harp, marries Chernavushka, happily returns to Novgorod, builds cathedral churches, turns to God.
Fairytale elements of the epic "Sadko"
Fairytale beginning: “And once upon a time... there was Sadko...”
Magic numbers: I waited three days for an invitation, went to the lake three times, three fish in three nets, received six benches from six merchants, bought Novgorod goods for three days, lost thirty thousand, built thirty ships, threw three barrels of goods into the sea, drew lots three times metalli, three groups of three hundred girls were passing through,
The epic “Sadko” shows the structure of ancient life. Tells about ancient cities, about the way of life of people of that time, about their customs. The people's guslar, Sadko, won the dispute with the merchants. With his playing of the harp, he conquered the king of the sea, but did not give in to the temptation to remain in the underwater kingdom. This is very symbolic.
Sadko is a guslar player, a singer, a merchant... he embodies the most diverse and best features of the people's character - nobility, generosity, breadth of soul. Boldly, he sets out on a journey to see distant countries. But his heart belongs to his homeland - Novgorod.
The epic "Sadko" is one of the most famous Russian folk epics. It tells about the colorful world of merchants and trade of the ancient city of Novgorod. The most striking character of the epic can rightfully be called the Novgorodian Sadko, whose expressive image inspired many composers, directors, animators and playwrights to create famous works.
Sadko is a Novgorod guslar who, thanks to his talent and natural courage, earned the respect of not only the merchants of Novgorod, but also the Sea Tsar.
Characteristics
(Drawing by V. Pertsov for a children's edition, 1970)
Sadko is a talented guslar player who is distinguished not only by his ability to play a musical instrument. He is generous, has an easy, benevolent character, and is extremely honest, but at the same time he is passionate and loves to brag. The Novgorod guslar is very lucky; he often finds himself in the right place at the right time. This is how he met the Sea King and this is how he won his wealth through a simple dispute.
Sadko's virtuoso playing becomes his salvation, his joy, and the solution to all his problems. Thanks to his excellent skills, an ordinary Novgorodian increases his wealth, marries the lovely girl Chernavushka, and becomes a respected person both in the real world and in the fantasy world.
Guslyar Sadko is a man of his word. Despite his simple-minded nature, he is sincere and fair. For his salvation by Elder Mikola, in gratitude he built the Church of Mikola the Wonderworker (Mozhaisky). This characterizes Sadko as a responsible and respectable person.
Image in the work
(Sadko plays the Sea King)
The image of Sadko can be called atypical for the epic Russian folk genre. Unlike many heroes, he does not have great physical strength or any abilities. He is not a defender of Russian land in the truest sense of the word. Sadko is just a guslar who, by a happy coincidence, became a merchant. However, this is precisely what makes this hero special.
Sadko glorifies the entire merchant family with his qualities, which makes him a national hero. Before him, merchants were just background characters who moved the plot. Now the merchants, led by Sadko, become full-fledged heroes of the epic. It was precisely these people who were respected in Rus': simple, kind, resourceful, savvy and inventive.
(Sadko's marriage and a feast for the whole world)
The brave hero of ancient epics is not only a hero who regularly performs feats. This is also a person who, thanks to his luck, luck, and talent, can glorify the Russian land. Sadko becomes just such a hero who, in addition, without a second thought, can sacrifice himself for the sake of others. He lives, although not without guile, but with dignity, honestly, fairly and openly.
Novgorodian Sadko can become a striking example of the fact that every person is the architect of his own happiness. Even if your only talent is playing the harp. You can not have colossal heroic strength and be an ordinary person, but still become a national hero and receive recognition.
SADKO
Sadko the rich guest is the hero of the epics of the Novgorod cycle; Of the nine known variants recorded exclusively in the Olonets province, only two are complete. According to the most complete version (Sorokin), S. was at first a poor guslar who amused Novgorod merchants and boyars. Once he played the harp on the shore of Lake Ilmen from morning to evening and with his playing gained the favor of Tsar Vodyany, who taught S. to bet with rich Novgorod merchants that there were fish “golden feathers” in Ilmen Lake; with the help of Tsar Vodyany, S. won a mortgage, began trading and became rich. One day S. boasted at a feast that he would buy up all the goods in Novgorod; Indeed, for two days S. bought all the goods in the living room, but on the third day, when Moscow goods arrived, S. admitted that he could not buy goods from all over the white world. After this, S. loaded 30 ships with goods and went to trade; on the way, the ships suddenly stopped, despite the strong wind; S., guessing that the sea king was demanding tribute, threw barrels of gold, silver and pearls into the sea, but in vain; then it was decided that the king of the sea demands a living head; the lot fell on S., who, taking with him a harp, ordered himself to be lowered into the sea on an oak board. S. found himself in the chambers of the sea king, who announced to him that he had demanded him to listen to his play. To the sounds of S.'s playing, the king of the sea began to dance, as a result of which the sea became agitated, ships began to sink and many Orthodox people died; then Mikola the saint, disguised as a gray-haired old man, appeared to S. and ordered him to stop playing, breaking the strings of the gusli. Then the king of the sea demands that S. marry a sea maiden of his choice. On the advice of Mikola, S. chooses the girl Chernava; after the wedding feast, S. falls asleep and wakes up on the banks of the Chernava River. At the same time, his ships with the treasury are approaching along the Volkhov. In gratitude for his salvation, S. built churches to St. Nicholas of Mozhaisk and the Blessed Virgin Mary. In some versions, S. resolves the dispute between the sea king and the queen about what is more expensive in Rus' - gold or damask steel, and decides it in favor of damask steel; in another version, the role of Mikola is taken by the Pallet Queen. In one epic about S., in the collection of Kirsha Danilov, S. is not a natural Novgorodian, but a young man coming from the Volga, whom Ilmen-Lake helps to get rich, in gratitude for the bow given to him by Sadko from Ilmen’s sister, Volga: fish caught in large quantities turned into gold and silver money. S. himself does not perform heroic deeds: his trading activities are imputed to him as a feat; thus, S. is a representative of Novgorod trade, a merchant-hero. The oldest basis for the epic about S. was probably a song about the historical person Sadko Sytinets (or Sotko Sytinich), mentioned in the chronicle in 1167, as the builder of the church of St. Boris and Gleb in Novgorod. Various fairy tale motifs are associated with the name of this person, partly going back to local legends, partly to international wandering fairy tales. Thus, in Novgorod and Rostov legends, the rescue of a man who was dying and floating on a board is mentioned; According to Russian folk beliefs, St. Nikola is known as an ambulance on the waters and is even called “sea” and “wet”. Stories that an underground or underwater king, having captured a hero into his kingdom, wants to keep him by marrying his daughter, are also very frequent in our fairy tales and in the fairy tales of other peoples. Thus, one Kyrgyz legend tells how one man, having dived into the water, found himself in the kingdom of the ruler of the waters, Ubbe, served there for several years, married the vizier’s daughter, and then, with the help of a magic green stick, returned to earth and became rich. The closest sources of the epic about S. have not been clarified. Academician A.N. Veselovsky points out the similarity of the epic about S. with an episode of the old French novel about “Tristan le Leonois”: its hero, who goes by the name Zadok, killed his brother-in-law, who attempted the honor of his wife, and escapes with her on a ship; a storm arises, which, according to the ship's elder, was sent down for the sins of one of the passengers; by lot, Zadok turns out to be the culprit of the storm; he throws himself into the sea, after which the storm subsides. The obvious similarity of the episodes of the French novel and the epic, as well as the coincidence of the names S. and Zadok, gives reason to assume that both the novel and the epic independently go back to the same source - a story or legend, in which this name was already found. S.'s name, Zadok, is of Jewish origin (Hebrew: Zadok the just), which indicates the likely influence of Jewish folk literature. Sun. Miller finds an explanation for the types of S. guslar and sea king in Finnish and Estonian legends: he equates the sea king of the epic with the sea king Ahto, who is also a hunter of music; He sees the prototype of the S. guslar in the musician and singer Veinemeinen. Wed. Sun. Miller "Essays on Russian folk literature" (Moscow, 1897); A. Veselovsky "Epic about S." ("Journal of the Ministry of Public Education", 1886, ¦ 12); Art. I. Mandelstam (ib., 1898, ¦ 2; refuting the theory of Vs. Miller, the author proves that those places of the Finnish epic that served as Vs. Miller, the basis for the rapprochement of the Water King with Ahto and S. with Veinemeinen are not borrowed from folk tales, but are insertions by Lönnrot).
Brief biographical encyclopedia. 2012
See also interpretations, synonyms, meanings of the word and what SADKO is in Russian in dictionaries, encyclopedias and reference books:
- SADKO in the Wiki Quotebook:
Data: 2008-11-15 Time: 07:00:19 Sadko the merchant is a character in the Russian epic “Sadko” - * - Oh, you Novgorod merchants! As I know the miracle-wonderful... - SADKO in the Big Encyclopedic Dictionary:
- SADKO in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia, TSB:
Soviet icebreaker ship. Built in 1912 in Newcastle (UK). Length 78 m, width 11.4 m. Displacement 3800 tons. On the "N." ... - SADKO in the Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Euphron:
the rich guest is the hero of the epics of the Novgorod cycle; Of the nine known variants recorded exclusively in Olonets province, only two are complete. By … - SADKO
"SADO", icebreaking steamer. Built in 1912, displacement. 3800 tons. In 1935-38 he participated in 3 complex research expeditions. deep water districts... - SADKO in the Big Russian Encyclopedic Dictionary:
SADO, guslar and singer, hero of the same name. Novgorod epic, the plot of which was developed in Russian. art 19th century (poem of the same name by A.K. ... - SADKO in the Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedia:
rich guest? hero of the epics of the Novgorod cycle; Of the nine known variants recorded exclusively in Olonets province, only two are complete. By … - SADKO in the Dictionary for solving and composing scanwords:
Novgorod... - SADKO in the Russian Synonyms dictionary:
guslar, ... - SADKO in the New Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language by Efremova:
adv. decomposition Correlates by value. with adj.: sad... - SADKO
guslar and singer, hero of the Novgorod epic of the same name, the plot of which was developed in Russian art of the 19th century. (poem of the same name by A.K. ... - "SADKO" in the Modern Explanatory Dictionary, TSB:
Soviet icebreaker ship. Built in 1912, displacement 3800 tons. In 1935-38, participated in 3 complex expeditions to explore deep-sea areas ... - SADKO in Ephraim's Explanatory Dictionary:
sadko adv. decomposition Correlates by value. with adj.: sad... - SADKO in the New Dictionary of the Russian Language by Efremova:
predic. decomposition About the sore... - SADKO in the Large Modern Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language:
predic. decomposition About the sore... - SADKO (FILM) in the Wiki Quote Book:
Data: 2008-11-25 Time: 11:27:44 * The old man deceived. There is no happiness beyond the seas! *—Where is Sadko? - No Sadok... * Woe to those... - RUSSIA, SECTION SECULAR MUSIC (XIX CENTURY)
At the beginning of the reign of Emperor Alexander I, along with the general rise in public life, the life that had completely fallen under Paul became especially revived... - RIMSKY-KORSAKOV NIKOLAY ANDREEVICH in the Brief Biographical Encyclopedia:
Rimsky-Korsakov (Nikolai Andreevich) - famous Russian composer, born in 1844 in Tikhvin; received his education in the naval cadet corps. Among … - MALYUTIN SERGEY VASILIEVICH in the Brief Biographical Encyclopedia:
Malyutin, Sergey Vasilievich - painter. Born 1859; studied at the Moscow School of Painting. In the 80s he began exhibiting landscapes... - BOGATYRS in the Brief Biographical Encyclopedia:
Bogatyrs. The word “hero” in Russian is of eastern (Turkic) origin, although, perhaps, the Turks themselves borrowed it from the Asian Aryans. In others...
The events in the epic unfold in the city of Novgorod. It splits into two parts (Sadko receives wealth and Sadko from the Sea King). Main character - guslar Sadko. At the beginning of the epic, the Novgorod boyars neglected him and stopped inviting him to feasts. Offended, Sadko goes to Lake Ilmen, sits on the “white-flammable stone” and begins to play “Yarovchaty Guselki”. The Sea King liked his game:
Just then the water in the lake began to stir, the king of the sea appeared, came out of Ilmen from the lake, and himself said these words: “Oh, you, Sadke of Novgorod! a gentle game." 1
The Sea King decided to help Sadko and give him untold wealth. He told him to make a bet with the Novgorod merchants that he would catch a fish in the lake - a golden feather. The king will send this fish to Sadko in the net.
Guslyar did just that and won three shops of red goods in a dispute with merchants, became rich, erected magnificent chambers, decorating them with marvelous paintings:
Sadke arranged everything in heavenly fashion: There is sun in the sky and there is sun in the chambers, There is a month in the sky and there is a month in the chambers, There are stars in the sky and there are stars in the chambers. 2
Sadko “invited noble guests to his honorable feast,” who at the feast ate, got drunk and all boasted with boasts." Sadko boasted of buying up all the goods in Novgorod, argued with him about the wealth. But the bet lost: no matter how much he bought goods in Novgorod shops, in the morning more and more new ones brought from all over Rus' appeared in them. And Sadko realized that he was not the rich merchant of Novgorod - his glorious Novgorod was richer. And if at the beginning of the epic the popular consciousness was on the side of the poor guslar, then Sadko the merchant, who imagined , that he is richer and stronger than the entire trading city, deprived of the sympathy of the people. The epic forces him to recognize the victory of Novgorod. It clearly expresses the idea of \u200b\u200bthe trading power of the great city of northern Rus'.
In the second part of the epic, Sadko, a rich merchant, equips ships and sets off with his comrades to trade overseas:
Strong weather met on the blue sea, The blackened ships stagnated on the blue sea: And the wave hits, tears the sails, Breaks the blackened ships; But the ships do not move from their place on the blue sea. 3
This is how landscape is introduced into the epic. The ships are at sea - the Sea King does not let Sadko in and demands a ransom from him. First, the shipbuilders try to pay off with a barrel of pure silver, red gold, but the wave hits everything, tears the sails, and “the ships still do not move from their place on the blue sea.” Sadko guesses that the Tsar of the Sea demands “a living head in the blue sea.” They cast lots three times as to who should go to the Sea King. And no matter how hard Sadko tried, the lot fell on him. Taking only the harp, Sadko rushes into the depths of the sea.
The image of the underwater kingdom in the epic is real, the landscape is realistic:
In the blue sea at the very bottom. Through the water I saw the baking red sun, the evening dawn, the morning dawn. I saw Sadko: in the blue sea there was a white stone chamber... 4
What we see here is not fantasy, but rather a certain amount of convention. The King of the Sea himself is also depicted. The epic gives only one detail of his portrait: “the king’s head is like a heap of hay.” The singers use the technique of hyperbolization: the king’s head is compared to a heap of hay, which indicates its significant size and introduces an element of comedy.
How Sadko began to play guselki yarovchaty, How the king of the sea began to dance in the blue sea, How the king of the sea began to dance. Sadke played for a day, others played too, and Sadke and others played, And still the king danced in the blue sea. 5
Grateful for the fun, the Sea King began to persuade Sadko to marry one of his thirty daughters. Meanwhile, in the blue sea, the waters shake, ships break, and righteous people drown.
In reality, an Orthodox person, in search of deliverance from misfortunes, always turns to Christian saints, which is reflected in the epic: “the people began to pray to Mikola of Mozhaisk.” It is no coincidence that the image of the Christian intercessor Mykola, the patron saint of all seafarers and sailors, is introduced into the epic. This reveals the general Christian idea of Russian folklore:
The saint appeared before Sadko on the seabed: He turned around and looked at Sadko of Novgorod: A gray-haired old man was standing there. Novgorodsky said to Sadka: “I have no will of my own in the blue sea, I am ordered to play guselki yarovchaty.” The old man says these words: “And you tear out the strings, And you break out the pins. Say: “I didn’t have any strings, And the pins weren’t useful, There’s nothing else to play with: The verge-shaped goosenecks broke.” 6
Saint Mikola teaches the unlucky guslar how to return to Novgorod. He must choose as his bride the last daughter of the Sea King, the girl Chernavushka. Having listened to wise advice, the next morning Sadko found himself on land, and the girl he chose turned out to be a Novgorod river. In gratitude, Sadko built the cathedral church of Mykola Mozhaisky.
In the Novgorod Chronicle, under 1167, the name of a certain Sadko Sytinets is mentioned, who founded the church. The epic Sadko coincides with a real historical figure.
V.G. Belinsky wrote about Novgorod epics that all the rest of Russian fairy-tale poetry is visible in front of them. A new and special world is visible, which served as the source of the forms and very spirit of Russian life, and consequently of Russian poetry. About “Sadko” he writes: “The whole poem is imbued with extraordinary animation and is full of poetry. This is one of the pearls of Russian folk poetry.”
Epic "Sadko"
Genre: epic of the Novgorod cycle
The main characters of the epic "Sadko" and their characteristics
- Sadko. At the beginning, a simple poor guslar, a very great master. When he got rich and became a merchant, he became arrogant and boastful. But after visiting the sea king he again became kind and God-fearing.
- Sea king. The creature is fantastic. Lover of music and dance.
- Mikola Mozhaisky, Orthodox patron saint.
- Sadko on the shore of the lake
- Sadko catches a fish with golden feathers
- Sadko is rich
- Sadko buys Novgorod goods
- Sadko loses the argument
- Sadko equips ships
- Sadko casts lots
- Sadko plays for the sea king
- Sadko chooses a girl
- Sadko returns to Novgorod and the church stands
- The Novgorod guslier Sadko was poor, but he played the gusli very well.
- In gratitude for his music, the king of the sea gave him to catch a fish with golden feathers and Sadko became rich
- Sadko wanted to buy back all the goods in Novgorod, but was unable to do so
- Sadko equipped the ships and they stopped at sea
- Sadko went to the king of the sea and played the harp for him
- Sadko chose Chernava as his bride and returned to Novgorod to the banks of the Chernava River, where he built a church
Wealth can spoil a person's character, but a true hero will understand his mistakes.
What does the epic "Sadko" teach?
This epic teaches that music is a great power and everything in the world is subject to it. She teaches not to become arrogant after achieving something, but to remain a simple person. Teaches that gold cannot buy everything in the world. Teaches you to love your wife and be faithful to her. Teaches us to be grateful to those who help us.
Review of the epic "Sadko"
This is a very interesting and fascinating epic, the hero of which does not seem to be a fairy-tale hero. This is just a guslar, then the merchant Sadko. But he finds himself in such interesting and fabulous adventures that only happen to real heroes. And only a real hero is able to return alive from the bottom of the sea.
I liked this epic and I gladly recommend everyone to read it
Proverbs for the epic "Sadko"
Wealth is dirt, intelligence is gold.
Rich without generosity is like food without salt.
Don't praise yourself, there are many better people than you.
Summary, brief retelling of the epic "Sadko"
Sadko lived in Novgorod, whose only property was a spring harp.
He went to feasts and played the harp. But then they stopped inviting Sadko to feasts and he became sad. He went to the shore of Lake Ilmen and began to play there. The water on the lake became agitated and Sadko got scared and left.
Once again Sadko went to the lake and again the water was agitated.
And the third time the Sea King appeared and told Sadko that he would help him catch fish with golden feathers from the lake.
Then Sadko went to Novgorod and bet with the merchants that he would catch a fish with golden feathers. Sadko pawned his head, three merchants, each selling three shops.
And Sadko went with them to Lake Ilmen, threw a silk net and pulled out a fish with red feathers, and not one, but three at once.
Sadko became rich and began to organize feasts himself. He built wonderful chambers for himself. Rich Novgorodians sit at his feasts, boasting about what, Sadko alone is silent.
So they asked him what he could boast about. Sadko announced here that he could buy all the goods in Novgorod with his treasury. They bet thirty thousand.
Sadko went to the living room and bought all the goods.
The next day, even more goods were brought in. Sadko went again and bought these goods. On the third day there was even more product in Novgorod.
Sadko realized that he would not be able to buy back all the goods. They will buy them from Moscow and bring them from overseas. Veliky Novgorod turned out to be richer than it.
Sadko built ships with his treasury and began to sail the rivers and seas.
So he went out to sea, the wave was breaking, the wind was blowing, and the ships were standing in the water.
Sadko announced that tribute must be paid to the sea king. And they threw a barrel of silver into the water. But the ships did not move.
They threw a barrel of gold - the ships stood there and didn’t move.
Sadko realized that the sea king was demanding a living person and decided to draw lots. The squad threw simple tablets, Sadko - one decorated with gold. Sadko's plank sank.
Sadko suggested replaying the lot. The squad threw gilded tablets, and Sadko threw a simple one. But still his plank sank.
There was nothing to do, he wrote off his estates, took the harp, and lay down on a board in the sea. The ships have sailed. And Sadko fell asleep on the board, and woke up already in the domain of the sea king.
Sadko entered the white stone chambers, the king of the sea saw him and asked him to play the harp. Sadko began to play, and the sea king became happy and started dancing.
A storm arose at sea, thousands of people died. People began to pray to Mikola Mozhaisky.
Sadko is playing, suddenly someone touches him on the shoulder. Looks - Mikola Mozhaisky, asks to stop playing.
Sadko answered that he was playing against his will, and Mikola told him to break the strings and break off the pins. And how will the king of the sea offer him marriage, not refuse, and choose the girl Chernava.
That's what Sadko did. He broke the harp and the king of the sea stopped dancing. Offers Sadko to choose a bride. Sadko looked through many girls and chose Chernava. They had a feast and Sadko went to bed.
He wakes up, and he lies on the banks of the Chernava River, in his native Novgorod.
Then his ships appeared. Sadko met the ships, went to his wife, kissed his wife. And then he unloaded the goods and built a church for Mikole Mozhaisky.
Drawings and illustrations for the epic "Sadko"
