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Ryazan addresses of blond Lel

During his short but bright life, Sergei Yesenin managed to see and experience a lot. In Western Europe alone, he visited more than 30 cities. But the memory of this amazing person is kept not only by the fashionable quarters of New York, Berlin and Paris, but also by the streets of Ryazan, which a century ago was the city closest to the poet's small homeland.

To date, thanks to the efforts of the Yesenin Center at the Ryazan State University and the research of local historian Yuri Vadimovich Bludov, more than 20 addresses have been established in Ryazan, with which the life and work of Sergei Yesenin are connected.

In this article, we want to introduce you to the most significant Yesenin addresses in Ryazan, with a special focus on buildings crowned with memorial plaques.
Our guide kindly agreed to be one of the country's leading Yesenin scholars, head of the Yesenin Center of Ryazan State University, Doctor of Philology, Professor Olga Efimovna VORONOVA.

Action poem

“2016 by Decree of the President V.V. Putin declared the Year of Russian Cinema. And, probably, it would be logical to start the story about the memorable Yesenin places of Ryazan with house number 63 on Pochtovaya street, - says Olga Voronova. - 100 years ago, the Daryaly electric theater was located here. In the summer of 1917 Yesenin visited him.

In December 2005, a memorial plaque fixing this fact was installed on the facade of the building. It became the first memorial sign of this kind associated with Yesenin in the territory of Ryazan.

Sergei Alexandrovich was very fond of this new art. He later used many cinematic techniques in his play The Land of Scoundrels, which, in terms of genre characteristics and the construction of plot intrigue, can be considered the first Soviet western, an actual political action movie.

By the way, the muse of the poet Augusta Miklashevskaya, to whom the cycle "Love of a Hooligan" is dedicated, starred in silent films a lot. A good friend of the poet was a regular guest of the Kashin estate, Ivan Khudoleev, one of the significant figures of Russian pre-revolutionary cinema.

Attempt at writing

Another memorial plaque is installed on the building located at the address: where the Ryazanvest enterprise is now located.

Before the revolution, offices were located here, that is, structures one way or another connected with the then local authorities, including the editorial office of the Ryazan Gubernskiye Vedomosti. It was here in the summer of 1912 that Yesenin came with the first hand-written cycle "Sick Thoughts", written during the years of study at the Spas-Klepikovskaya church teacher's school. The poems of the beginning poet, unfortunately, were not appreciated and, accordingly, were not accepted for publication.

“He gave the cherished notebook to his friend Sergei Ilyin, and these early experiments of the budding writer were published only in the 60s of the last century,” explains Olga Voronova.

The savior of the peasants

The third board is located on the building of the FSB of Russia in the Ryazan region.

Before the revolution, Steyert's hotel was located here, and in the first post-revolutionary years - Ryazgubchek's. This property has an amazing history. According to Olga Voronova, she characterizes Yesenin as a people's protector and a truly brave person.

In the summer of 1918, at the height of the civil war, the inhabitants of the village of Konstantinovo experienced hunger and deprivation. Driven to despair, the peasants decided to expropriate the cargo of a barge going along the Oka.

Sailing in boats to the barge, they ordered the captain of the ship to stop on pain of death and took away the bags of apricots and roach that were on board.

The next day, a detachment of Red Army soldiers surrounded the village, and its leaders demanded that the instigators of the robbery be handed over. The villagers refused to do this, and about 20 people were taken as hostages and taken to Ryazan, to the gubchek.

Detained peasants, according to the laws of wartime, could be shot. About three weeks passed in anxious anticipation. In order to discuss the situation that had arisen, a village gathering gathered. Fortunately, Yesenin arrived in Konstantinovo at that time.

The poet personally went to Ryazan, came to the building of the provincial Cheka to negotiate the release of fellow countrymen.

“At that time, Yesenin was already a recognized poet in the country,” says Olga Efimovna. - His poems and poems appeared in collections, published in leading magazines and newspapers in Russia.

Sergei Alexandrovich met in the building of the "Cheer" a classmate from the school in Spas-Klepiki, Mikhail Kalabukhov, who led a company of special forces (CHON), whose duties included, in particular, the suppression of peasant unrest.

As a result, at the request of Yesenin, all the peasants were released without preconditions.

This story is still passed down by the Konstantinovites from generation to generation.

It is curious that at that harsh time, the Ryazan Provincial Cheka was headed by Ivan Potemkin, who at the same time worked as the executive editor of the provincial newspaper Izvestia.

It was in this newspaper that shortly after the poet's noble deed, Yesenin's only lifetime publication in the regional press appeared - the poem "The Jordanian Dove". The lines from this work “The sky is like a bell, the month is a language, my mother is my homeland, I am a Bolshevik” soon became a textbook.

Postponement for recruit

The fourth plaque is related to the First World War. In the year of the centenary of its beginning, in September 2014, it was installed on the building of the former Kalinkinsky Brewery Association during the next International Yesenin Conference. The author of the board is the famous Ryazan sculptor Raisa Lysenina. The contribution to the installation of the board was made by the Russian Military Historical Society, RRO "Business Russia", local historian, member of the city toponymic commission Arsen Baburin. In Soviet times, a soft drinks factory was located here. Now the building is owned by the Russian Brewing Company.

On the second floor of the mentioned house before the revolution, the Ryazan district presence for military service was located (an analogue of the current military registration and enlistment office).

According to the Decree of Emperor Nicholas II, issued in the spring of 1915, recruits of 1916, including Yesenin, were subject to early conscription. The poet was forced to come from Petrograd, where he was already taking steps towards all-Russian glory, to Ryazan in order to pass the draft board.

Sergei Alexandrovich, who arrived at this building on May 20, 1915, was enrolled in connection with myopia in the “warriors of the second category” and was granted a respite until January 1916.

A few months later, the poet was drafted into the army and became a military orderly on the Tsarskoye Selo military hospital train. Yesenin plunged into the element of war and saw it from such a terrible side, from which even many of those who fought on the front line did not know it. His impressions of that time were reflected not only in the poems of the war period, but also in the poem "Anna Snegina", written 10 years later.

The fifth memorial plaque is not directly related to the life and work of the famous poet. It is installed on the building of the Ryazan branch of the Moscow State Institute of Culture (Lenin St., 1/70) and perpetuates the renaming of Ryazhskaya Street to Yesenin Street, which took place on June 19, 1965, the year of the poet's 70th birthday.

By the way, a few tens of meters from the building there is a cafe "Ash", namely, from the name of this sacred tree for the ancient Slavs, according to one version, the name "Yesenin" comes from. Although the poet himself still believed that his surname originates from the Old Slavonic "esen", that is, autumn.

Eseninsky Center of the Russian State University named after S.A. Yesenina and Ryazan public figures plan to continue work on the installation of memorial plaques dedicated to our great countryman in the regional center.

Prepared by Denis ABRAKOV
Weekly "Dom.Stroy" № 2 (20.01.2016)

I left my dear home, I left the blue Rus'. In three stars, a birch forest above the pond, warms the old mother's sadness.

The State Museum-Reserve of S. A. Yesenin is a federal state reserve complex, opened in 1965 in the poet’s homeland, in the village of Konstantinovo, Ryazan Region. The museum is unique in that here, in an ancient village above the Oka, there is a neighborhood of two estates - a peasant and a manor. Such a neighborhood of two cultures, their traditions and way of life makes it possible to trace the history of Russia at the turn of the 19th-20th centuries on concrete historical material.

For almost four centuries, the village of Konstantinovo has stood on the high bank of the Oka River. The first, currently known, mention of it refers to 1619, when it was in the Palace Department.

Museum of Sergei Yesenin in the village of Konstantinovo in the Rybnovsky district of the Ryazan region - Yesenin's home

Sergei Yesenin's parents - Alexander Nikitich and
Tatyana Fedorovna. 1905 S. Yesenin with his sisters. 1912

During the time of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, the village was granted to the stolnik brothers Myshetsky, who carried out diplomatic missions and did it successfully. In 1700, Yakov Efimovich Myshetsky gives the central part of the village as a dowry to his daughter Natalya, and her husband Kirill Alekseevich Naryshkin, one of the associates of Tsar Peter I, becomes the owner.

House in the courtyard of the Yesenin house

barn of Yesenin's house

After 28 years, the estate was inherited by their son Semyon Kirillovich, who, in turn, already in 1775 bequeathed to his nephew Prince Alexander Mikhailovich Golitsyn, senator, Oberchamberger, Actual Privy Councilor, holder of both Russian orders and the Polish Order of the White Eagle.

He built a stone building of the temple of the icon of the Kazan Mother of God, in place of the wooden one. In 1806, he bought the second part of the village from the widow of the major, A. N. Matova. The earthly path of Prince A. M. Golitsin ended in 1808, and, according to his spiritual will, the estate passed to his illegitimate daughter Ekaterina De Litsina, married Dolgorukova. She will continue the work of her father in the construction of the temple and erect a bell tower at her own expense. Nephew, E. A. Dolgorukova, Alexander Dmitrievich Olsufiev, the village will pass from his aunt in 1845.

House of S. A. Yesenin's parents (as part of the State Museum-Reserve of S. A. Yesenin

His son, Vasily Alexandrovich Olsufiev, will receive the inheritance in 1853. He constantly lives in Moscow, and the affairs of the estate are managed by the manager, who collects the quitrent and sends it to the owner. An epoch-making event in the life of the Konstantinovsky peasants was the tsar's Manifesto of February 19, 1861, which abolished serfdom. The statutory charter was signed on August 20, 1862. According to documents, the peasants received 14,000 acres 741 sazhens of land and paid 72,940 rubles 40 kopecks for it.

At the end of the 11th century, railways in Russia began to connect large cities, transporting firewood by water turned out to be economically unprofitable, in addition, fires that occurred in the backwaters destroyed many barges at the beginning of the 20th century, which led to the ruin of the owners and the termination of their activities. They had to change jobs. Work in the trading shops of Moscow has now become one of the most profitable types of seasonal work. An example is the father of S. A. Yesenin, Alexander Nikitovich, who was sent at the age of 14 to work in the butcher shop of the merchant Krylov.

Over time, he happened to become a senior clerk and sales agent. At the same time, his family remained to live in Konstantinov, and he himself never lost touch with his homeland. In 1879, V. A. Olsufiev sold the Konstantinov estate to merchants from the city of Bogoditsk near Moscow, Sergei, Nikolai and Alexander Grigorievich Kupriyanov. The owners of a brick factory and a weaving factory demolished an old wooden house and built a new cottage-type building with a basement and a spacious veranda. On the initiative and with the financial support of S. G. Kupriyanov, in 1879 a zemstvo school was opened in the village, which Esenin's father and son graduated from in their time. The affairs of the Kupriyanovs were shaken in the 1900s.

Ruin set in, and in 1895 the estate was sold to Ivan Petrovich Kulakov, Hereditary Honorary Citizen of Moscow. He owned it until 1911, and after his death, his daughter Lidia Ivanovna became the heiress, in the marriage of Kashina, visiting whom S.A. Yesenin visited in 1916-17.

By the beginning of the 20th century, the historical appearance of the village was finally formed, a feature of which is the length along the coastline of the river for more than three kilometers. "Order" - a wide central street and several "ends" that is lanes - such as Alekseevka,

Kazan Church in Konstantinov

In the center of the village of Konstantinov, opposite the Church of the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God, there is the Yesenin estate. Here, in 1871, the poet's grandfather Nikita Osipovich Yesenin built a house where Sergei Alexandrovich Yesenin was born on September 21 (October 3 - new style), 1895. Over time, the dilapidated grandfather's house was demolished, and in its place in 1909 a new, smaller one was built.

It is with him that Yesenin's poetic image of the "golden log hut" is associated. In 1965, a museum of the famous Russian poet was opened in this simple village hut. Over time, a whole complex appeared in Konstantinov - the State Museum-Reserve of S.A. Yesenin. But the “low house” of the Yesenins, restored in 2000, still remains its heart.

The exposition of the house takes us back to the 20s, when, being a poet famous throughout Russia, Sergei Yesenin came to his parents' house to rest his exhausted soul here.

A spacious canopy leads to the warm part of the house, where among the peasant utensils and tools stand out the sickle and half-cut of Tatyana Fedorovna Yesenina, the poet's mother.

It is worth entering the residential part of the house - you can not help but pay attention to a small kitchen with a snow-white Russian stove and household items. A bucket "grandfather's" samovar flaunts on the table - a witness to many tea parties in the Yesenin family.

Opposite the kitchen is an entrance hall with a Dutch oven. The poet slept on a wooden bed by a hot stove when he came to his parents' house in the cold season.

The largest and brightest room is the upper room. In the red corner are the icons of Tatyana Fedorovna, her pectoral cross. On the wall next to the stove are family photographs and Sergei's commendation sheet, which he received at the end of the Zemstvo school. The “wooden clock” also counts the time, as if an oak table with a kerosene lamp under a green shade is waiting for the poet, in the light of which Sergey Yesenin often worked.

From the upper room we find ourselves in the room of the poet's mother. Here are her clothes and the famous fur coat - “shushun”, in which Tatyana Fedorovna often went out onto the road and, peering into the distance, was waiting for her son.

Immediately behind the house begins a garden where cherries grow in abundance. In the depths of it, a makeshift hut hid (restored in 2003), in which, after the fire of 1922, the Yesenins were forced to huddle. Nearby is an apple tree that miraculously survived the fire. Not far from the temporary building is a barn built in 1913. During the summer visits of the poet, he turned into his bedroom and study. At the very end of the estate there is a restored riga (shed for drying sheaves).

In 1970, next to the Yesenin estate, a park was laid out where trees dear to the poet’s heart were planted: birches, maples, lilacs, lindens, mountain ash ... On October 4, 2007, a bronze monument to Sergei Yesenin by the sculptor was erected in the park
A.A. Bichukov.

Yesenin's estate is never deserted: at any time of the year, admirers of S.A. Yesenin, they strive to see the land that gave the world a great poet.

Over the years, the building was used as housing for teachers of a local school, and a consumer services complex was also located here. The premises were transferred to the museum in 1969, after the repair a literary exposition was opened a year later, and in 1995 in the former house of L.I.

Residents of the village of Konstantinovo became collective farmers in 1930, when a labor artel appeared, then, already in the 1950s, after consolidation, they became part of the Lenin collective farm with a center in the neighboring village of Kuzminskoye. At present, the collective farm has been transformed into Yeseninskoye LLC, and the village of Konstantinovo has become a place of real pilgrimage for numerous admirers of the poetry of S. A. Yesenin in our country and abroad.

In Konstantinovo, immediately after the death of Sergei Alexandrovich Yesenin, fans of his work most often traveled on foot. The poet's mother, Tatyana Fedorovna Yesenina, and then the sisters Alexandra Alexandrovna and Ekaterina Alexandrovna, met numerous guests in Yesenin's house. Thus, thousands of entries appeared in the notebooks for reviews with wishes to open the poet's museum in Konstantinovo

Sergei and Isadora

On July 28, 1965, a government decree was adopted to perpetuate the memory of S. A. Yesenin in his homeland. The memorial house-museum of S. A. Yesenin, opened on October 2, 1965 as a branch of the Ryazan Regional Museum of Local Lore, over the years has become one of the largest museum complexes in the country. The heart of the museum-reserve was and remains the house of Sergei Yesenin's parents.

Manor Kashina (Museum of the poem "Anna Snegina")

In March 1984, a museum complex was formed in Konstantinovo as part of the Yesenin peasant estate, the estate of L.I. the surrounding natural and architectural environment, by decision of the Council of Ministers of the RSFSR, became the State Museum-Reserve of S. A. Yesenin.

Former priest's house

The possibility of opening another museum exposition in Spas-Klepiki, dedicated to the 90th anniversary of the birth of S. A. Yesenin, and holding the First All-Union Yesenin Poetry Festival in 1985 became real. land, in his homeland, was a significant event in the cultural life of our country. It was at this time that the museum was reconstructed. By this date, in 1995, two new museum expositions were opened: the museum of the poem "Anna Snegina" and the Konstantinovsky Zemstvo Primary Folk School.

Museum of the poem "Anna Snegina"

Next to the Church of the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God is the estate of the last Konstantinovsky landowner Lidia Ivanovna Kashina. Sergei Yesenin met the owner of the estate for the first time in the summer of 1916. At this time, he was already the author of his first collection of poetry, Radunitsa. Lydia Kashina became one of the prototypes of the main character of the poem "Anna Snegina".

Sergei Yesenin visited Kashina's house more than once, since he had friendly relations with the hostess. In 1918, after the nationalization of the estate, the poet helped Lidia Ivanovna move to Moscow, he himself stayed in her Moscow apartment. After the revolution, Kashina's country house was used for the needs of the village, and in October 1969 a literary exposition was opened in it. On the occasion of the 100th anniversary of the poet's birth in 1995, the rooms of the house housed the exposition of the museum of one Yesenin's poem - "Anna Snegina".

Museum expositions occupy the first floor of the “house with a mezzanine”. The exhibits tell us about the life of the Kashina family, her guests, fellow villagers of the poet. Manuscripts, photographs, household items help draw parallels between the inhabitants of the house and the heroes of the poem, tell about the life of Konstantinovites during the years of the revolution.

Among the exhibits is Lydia Ivanovna's memorial piano, her miniature chest of drawers, a box and other items. Autographs of Sergei Yesenin's poem "Anna Snegina" accompany museum visitors in almost every hall.

Fur coat of Isadora Duncan and jacket of Sergei Yesenin

According to them, one can trace the poet's attitude to the First World War and the revolution, the mood of the villagers in the "harsh, formidable years", the relationship of the characters. The exposition presents the first collection of poems by Sergei Yesenin "Radunitsa", personal belongings of the poet: an inkwell, a paperweight, an ashtray, a notebook cover, etc.

Museum of the poem "Anna Snegina" through acquaintance with the house where the poet used to be, immerses the reader into the atmosphere of the events described in one of the best poems by Sergei Yesenin.

Zemstvo school

Konstantinovskaya zemstvo school, in which in 1904-1909. studied S. Yesenin

It was restored to the anniversary of the poet in its original place. The exposition of this museum reveals the role of zemstvo schools in the education and upbringing of peasant children.

The only photo of Yesenin with his fellow villagers, taken in Konstantinovo. Yesenin is fourteen on it, and he climbed onto something to appear taller next to the young Russian beauty.

Literary exposition

In the Literary Exhibition, opened in 1995 in the scientific and cultural center, presents unique exhibits: lifetime editions of the poet and his contemporaries, the book "Radunitsa" with the author's first autograph, the table at which S. A. Yesenin worked in the Caucasus, his death mask, personal belongings . The new museum exposition at the Spas-Klepikovskaya school, which Sergei graduated from in 1912, tells, in particular, about the high humanistic traditions of Russian teachers, about the search for the spiritual path of youth, about the formation of the creative personality of the future poet.

Autograph letter to M. V. Averyanov, 1916

In 2010, next to the Church of the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God, a new exposition was opened - the house of the priest I. Ya. Smirnov.

At the beginning of the 20th century, the house of Father John was the cultural center of Konstantinov, the local clergy, the rural intelligentsia, young students gathered here, Sergey Yesenin often visited there

The building of the school where S. Yesenin studied in Spas-Klepiki

Spas-Klepiki is a town located 80 km. from Ryazan. At the beginning of the 20th century it was a large trading village. In 1896, an educational institution was opened in it, which trained teachers of literacy schools. Spas-Klepikovskaya second-class teacher's school was in the spiritual department.

In 1985, the preserved building of the teacher's school, which became a branch of the State Museum-Reserve S.A. Yesenin, opened the doors for the first visitors. In 2005, on the occasion of the 110th anniversary of the birth of S.A. Yesenin, a new exposition was opened in the building of the Spas-Klepikovskaya second-class teacher's school, which tells in detail not only about the studies of Sergei Yesenin at this school in 1909-1912, but also about the life of the Klepikovites of the late 19th - early 20th centuries.

The life of Sergei Yesenin is closely connected with the Ryazan region: the poet was born and grew up here and returned here repeatedly - first during the years of study from the nearby Spas-Klepiki for vacations, then from European and overseas capitals. Having left for Moscow in July 1912, the poet always remembered his "small Motherland" and did not get tired of singing it in verse. On this journey, you will visit the native village of Yesenin Konstantinovo, the places where he performed, you will recognize Sergei Alexandrovich not as the hero of the series and scandalous publications, but as a close, homely, dear person.

Duration

Possible with children

Program

The tour will follow the route of Sergei Yesenin from the railway station Divovo to the village of Konstantinovo. It was this way that Yesenin got to his home from Moscow.

• At the Divovo station you can visit an exposition dedicated to the life of this village and the stay of Sergei Yesenin in it. You will find out where the poet drank tea, which houses he passed by, with whom he communicated and met during his stay in this village.
• In the village of Fedyakino, which we will visit, Yesenin read his poems to grateful countrymen. You will see the house where the poet performed.
• In Konstantinovo, where Sergei Aleksandrovich was born and lived, I will tell you about the life of the village, about its traditions and way of life, and show you the places Yesenin visited. You will learn the history of his family, see where he studied, where the great poet had fun and rested. Get to know his first love and the woman to whom he dedicated an entire poem.
• Stepping out onto the high birches of the winding Oka, you will be able to see the same Russian expanses that Yesenin himself saw and that inspired him so much.

Thus, you will see the native places of the great poet of the Silver Age, about which he wrote more than once in his poems, feel the atmosphere that inspired him to work and instilled an immense love for Russia, you will recognize Yesenin from a new perspective: not a joker and womanizer, but romance with a vulnerable soul.

Organizational details

• A visit to the expositions of the Museum-Reserve is not included in the price of the tour and is paid separately. A single ticket for all expositions - 300 rubles per person.
• Departure from Ryazan. It is possible to meet directly at the Divovo station from which the tour will begin.
• The cost of the tour does not include transportation costs. It is possible to provide a car for a group of no more than 2 people. Transport for 1-2 people - 1000 rubles. For 2-20 people (Mercedes or VW) - 5000 rubles.

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Book an excursion on any of the available days in the calendar

• This is a private tour., the guide will conduct it for you and your company.
• On the site you pay 20% of the cost, and the rest of the money - to the guide on the spot. You can ask the guide any questions before paying.

The day is free

The day is busy

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I represent a tourism-educational project. Each of our events and excursions is preceded by serious work with factual material, verified sources and archival data. We believe that learning about our history, traditions, and just a walk around the city or a trip outside the city can be atmospheric and not boring.

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5 travel reviews

Hello. Visited Yesenin places. The guide is a storehouse of knowledge of the life history of Sergei Yesenin. I learned a lot about the life and work of Sergei. The guide knows many poems by Sergei Yesenin. And the recordings of poems performed by Sergei Yesenin himself are indescribable impressions.

Most recently, we visited the Yesenin places in the Ryazan region. Impressions are still fresh and very bright! The museum combines several objects. Everything is decorated with such soul. Incredible tour, interesting and informative! Of course, very beautiful nature. Indeed, who knows, if Yesenin had been born elsewhere, could he have become such a great poet? I recommend this tour to everyone!

Ksenia is a competent, knowledgeable guide. She was able to satisfy the diverse interests of different people. Sociable, punctual, knows his edge. Contact her and you won't regret it.

Olga is simply amazing! From the very beginning she told us that she was not just a guide, but a local lover, and she really managed to make us fall in love with these beautiful places. Do not take a guide on the spot - an extra waste of both time and money. Olga told everything in such detail that it doesn’t fit in my head how you can remember so much information. She is very well educated not only within the framework of this walk, but in general she knows a lot - feel free to walk together in Ryazan itself and in its environs! P.S. Olga even gave us small gifts, which is doubly nice - a person not only does his job well, but does everything with love. Thank you very much!

The day spent with Ksenia brought a lot of positive emotions to our family, including our 15-year-old son. Our journey was dynamic and emotionally light. Special thanks to Xenia for visiting Divovo and the stud farm. Despite the fact that Divov's stables were destroyed, an almost destroyed minaret remained from the house, Xenia managed to recreate the image of this place, Nikolai Adrianovich Divov and his relatives. Thank you for a pleasant conversation, and not a monotonous story in Konstantinovo, for the love for Yesenin's work and the ability to present information in such a way that even viewing photographs in a literary museum turned into a fascinating process of learning what we knew from childhood, as well as learning new ones, previously unknown details of the life and work of Sergei Yesenin.

The village of Konstantinovo is one of the most amazing places on the Oka River. Here, on October 3, 1895, the great Russian poet Sergei Yesenin was born. The poet spent his childhood and youth in the village of Konstantinov.

The village of Konstantinovo is located on a high picturesque coast, from where a magnificent view of the Zaoksky distance opens. Here you will see the house of the poet's parents and remember his beautiful poems, forget about the bustle of the city and enjoy the beautiful Russian nature.

The main attraction of the village of Konstantinovo and the entire Ryazan region is the House-Museum of Sergei Yesenin.Work on the reconstruction of the memorial image of the peasant estate of the parents of the great Russian poet Sergei Alexandrovich Yesenin began after the order of the government of the RSFSR on the opening of the memorial house-museum of S.A. Yesenin in Konstantinov, in August 1965 in connection with the upcoming anniversary date - the 70th anniversary of his birth.This decision was preceded by a long period of formation of public opinion about the perpetuation of his great singer in the memory of the people. A fair assessment of his creative heritage, his role in the spiritual and cultural life of the country.

And it started like this...

In Konstantinovo, immediately after the death of Sergei Alexandrovich Yesenin, fans of his poetry began to arrive, reaching the village most often on foot. In Yesenin's house, they were met by the poet's mother Tatyana Fedorovna Yesenina, the local librarian Maria Dmitrievna Vorobyeva. Thousands of entries appeared in the notebooks kept for reviews with wishes to open the poet's museum in Konstantinov.

Specific work to prepare for the opening of the museum began with a working trip to Konstantinovo in the first half of August 1965 of the commission, which included writers, museum specialists, architects, artists and, most importantly, direct witnesses of the time of Sergei Alexandrovich Yesenin's stay in Konstantinovo - the sisters poets Ekaterina Alexandrovna and Alexandra Alexandrovna.

The commission created under the Union of Writers of the RSFSR to perpetuate the memory of S.A. Yesenin was headed by the poet Sergei Vasiliev and the famous literary critic Yu.L. Prokushev, who had previously convinced the leadership of the Ryazan region to petition the Government of the RSFSR for the opening of S.A. Yesenin Memorial House-Museum of the poet.

In the house of parents S.A. Yesenin, at that time there was an exhibition on the theme "The Life and Work of S.A. Yesenin", made by the Leningrad Pushkin House (Academy of Sciences), and there was a rural library. And around - a sad to the point of tragedy picture of the ruin and neglect of Yesenin's places. It was necessary to start from scratch. Recreate the atmosphere of the poet's family life, corresponding to the time of his stay in this house, find out everything connected with the life and work of the poet in the village of Konstantinov. Here the poet's sisters provided the necessary assistance. At that time, some household items were stored in the attic of the house and in the yard, the lost items had to be replaced with typological ones, finding out what the partitions in the house were, how the household items were located, how the curtains on the windows looked, with what lace trim. The poet's sisters also spoke in detail about how the hut under a thatched roof, which was not preserved on the parental estate, looked like, set up as temporary housing immediately after the fire that occurred in Konstantinov in August 1922, and advised to restore this temporary hut by the opening of the museum, trees on the estate , The Cherry Orchard. With particular warmth, they recalled that the only surviving apple tree on the estate was planted by their father Alexander Nikitich in 1921.

Then it was necessary to find out everything connected with the life and work of S.A. Yesenin in the village of Konstantinov. According to Ekaterina Alexandrovna Yesenina, S.A. repeatedly visited the manor house of Lidia Ivanovna Kashina, the last Konstantinovskaya landowner, located nearby. Yesenin. But it housed a consumer services plant, the rooms inside the house were re-planned for production areas, no furniture was preserved. The history of this house was a blank spot. Little was known about the fate of the mistress of this house, her family.

The territory of the former manor was also disfigured. On the site of the park cut down during the war, there were brick cattle yards and other outbuildings. A dilapidated building of the Church of the Kazan Mother of God directly opposite the Yesenins' house made a particularly depressing impression on all of us: the bell tower was demolished, the walls of the refectory were dismantled, grain was stored in the altar. Buildings adjoined the church: a garage for tractors, a large weight room, where cars arrived one after another. In place of the bell tower there was a warehouse of fuel and lubricants, which clearly represented a serious fire hazard for the memorial house-museum. Indeed, in August 1922, the Yesenins' house and the nearby house of the priest Ivan Yakovlevich Smirnov burned down. Of course, it was difficult to get your bearings right away in such a cluttered area near the Yesenin estate. It was decided to confine ourselves to creating a museum on the Yesenin estate. Concrete work began on the creation in a very short time of the memorial museum of S.A. Yesenin.

Within a few days in Ryazan, chairs, a Gabu wall clock in a wooden case, two chests, a mirror, a large bucket samovar, an oak table with carved legs were repaired, the icon of the Kazan Mother of God was restored. The masters considered it a great honor to do the work for the museum, they did everything carefully, almost free of charge. They quickly recreated the cupboard, found wooden beds that existed in Konstantinov during the life of the poet. From Leningrad, from the Pushkin House, they delivered the famous lamp with a green shade, under the light of which the poet worked in his parents' house, as well as a lock of hair, cut off as a keepsake after the death of the poet.

And on the morning of October 2, 1965, the first S.A. Museum in the country was opened. Yesenin as a branch of the Ryazan Regional Museum of Local Lore. Several thousand people gathered in front of Yesenin's house, despite the fact that Konstantinovo could only be reached by a dirt road. The bright morning sun filled the kitchen, the front of the House of the poet, with a reddish, solemn light through the window on the east side. The first guests of honor entered: famous poets Alexander Prokofiev, Sergey Vasiliev, Nikolai Rylenkov, Kaysyn Kuliev, Alexei Markov, Stanislav Kunyaev, Sergey Vikulov, Alexander Filatov, poetess Yulia Drunina, writer and literary critic Yuri Prokushev, sculptor Alexander Kibalnikov and other figures of literature and art . The first honorary guides - the sisters of the poet Ekaterina Alexandrovna and Alexandra Alexandrovna - conducted with them the first historical tour of the House-Museum of S.A. Yesenin. For several hours the poets read poems in front of the house. The northern cold wind of hurricane force that suddenly swept in from the Oka floodplain did not prevent the completion of this first Yesenin poetry festival in Konstantinov. The next year, in the summer, the flow of tourists literally overwhelmed the "low house with blue shutters."

They got to Konstantinov as best they could: on foot, on passing trucks, by country dirt roads from the Divovo station and the town of Rybnoe, by motor ships and boats along the Oka River. If in 1965 the House-Museum was visited by about twenty thousand people, then in the next - already twice as many. Passenger ships from Moscow began to moor to the pier "Konstantinovo". They swam slowly, splashing on the water with the plates of the wheels, and stood three in a row. Perhaps the most sincere admirers and adherents of S.A. Yesenin went ashore from the paddle steamers "Sergey Yesenin" and "Mikhail Prishvin" to see the harmony of Yesenin's amazing images, all that once helped Sergei Alexandrovich create them.

The path-path, along which Sergei Yesenin once ran to the Oka, climbed uphill to the poet's House-Museum past a dilapidated church with an ugly heap around scrap metal, evoked a feeling of bewilderment and bitterness. Only in the parents' house did these negative emotions fade away, and visitors were imbued with the magic of Yesenin's poetry. Something had to be done. The regional newspaper "Priokskaya Pravda" published an article, and immediately after the newspaper's speech, measures began to be taken to eliminate the ill-fated warehouse.

And in the summer of 1967, the veil of mystery began to lift over the manor house of the addressee of Sergei Yesenin's lyrics, Lidia Ivanovna Kashina. Anna Andreevna Stupenkova arrived in Konstantinovo, who had been in Kashina's house as a child, her mother served as a housekeeper there. Vividly, with some degree of artistry, she told how she witnessed the first visit by Sergei Yesenin to a house with a mezzanine. On a frosty sunny day at the end of 1916. A.A. Stupenkova spoke in detail about the purpose of the premises of the house, about her last meetings with the former mistress in the 20s. Her message that Lidia Ivanovna Kashina after 1918, when she was evicted by peasants from the manor house, lived in Moscow and worked in one of the Soviet institutions, was encouraging: perhaps one of Kashina's relatives or friends is alive. A meeting with such a person would have opened another page in the poet's creative biography, would have helped to obtain new unknown materials for the creation of a museum in this house.

During 1968 and the first half of 1969, the Ryazan Special Scientific and Restoration Workshop carried out a large amount of restoration work, and on October 3, 1969, a literary museum was opened in the house without recreating the memorial domestic interior. After this, the next step in recreating Yesenin's memorable places, we breathed more freely - there was a place to take sightseers.

By this time, S.A. Yesenin, given its great cultural significance, they built an asphalt road. Regular buses began to run to Konstantinovo. The Ryazan Bureau of Excursions and Travel has organized bus excursions to the museum.

In the spring of 1972, a decision appeared to transfer the building of the Kazan Church to the museum. The architect Sergei Vasilyevich Chugunov developed project documentation for its restoration in a very short time. The All-Russian Society for the Protection of Historical and Cultural Monuments began to annually allocate money for production work to restore the building of the Kazan Church, and starting from 1975, exhibitions of artists began to be held in this building.

Years passed. The manor park of L.I. Kashina according to the project developed by the Moscow Institute "Lesoproekt". In 1982 the museum was visited by the Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the RSFSR M.S. Solomentsev, who, as it turned out during the tour, was fascinated by the work of S.A. Yesenin. He agreed with the proposals on the reorganization of the literary and memorial museum-reserve into the State Museum-Reserve of S.A. Yesenin. The Resolution of the Council of Ministers of the RSFSR took place on March 7, 1984. According to this government decree, the boundaries of the museum-reserve, the general scheme for its further development, developed by the Moscow Institute "Spetsproektrestavratsiya" were approved. This was the way from the memorial House-Museum to the State Museum-Reserve of S.A. Yesenin.

All-Russian festivals dedicated to S.A. Yesenin, on the birthday of the poet in the village. Konstantinovo - All-Russian poetry festival dedicated to the poet's birthday.

The museum currently has the following exhibitions:

• Yesenin's estate
• Museum of the poem "Anna Snegina"
• Church of the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God
• Zemstvo school
• Literary exposition
• Spas-Klepikovskaya second-class teacher's school

Yesenin's estate.

In the center of the village of Konstantinov, opposite the Church of the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God, there is the Yesenin estate. Here, in 1871, the poet's grandfather Nikita Osipovich Yesenin built a house where Sergei Alexandrovich Yesenin was born on September 21 (October 3 - new style), 1895. Over time, the dilapidated grandfather's house was demolished, and in its place in 1909 a new, smaller one was built. It is with him that Yesenin's poetic image of the "golden log hut" is associated. In 1965, a museum of the famous Russian poet was opened in this simple village hut. Over time, a whole complex appeared in Konstantinov - the State Museum-Reserve of S.A. Yesenin. But the “low house” of the Yesenins, restored in 2000, still remains its heart.

The exposition of the house takes us back to the 20s, when, being a poet famous throughout Russia, Sergei Yesenin came to his parents' house to rest his exhausted soul here.A spacious canopy leads to the warm part of the house, where among the peasant utensils and tools stand out the sickle and half-cut of Tatyana Fedorovna Yesenina, the poet's mother.It is worth entering the residential part of the house - you can not help but pay attention to a small kitchen with a snow-white Russian stove and household items. A bucket "grandfather's" samovar flaunts on the table - a witness to many tea parties in the Yesenin family.Opposite the kitchen is an entrance hall with a Dutch oven. The poet slept on a wooden bed by a hot stove when he came to his parents' house in the cold season.

The largest and brightest room is the upper room. In the red corner are the icons of Tatyana Feodorovna, her pectoral cross. On the wall next to the stove are family photographs and Sergei's commendation sheet, which he received at the end of the Zemstvo school. The “wooden clock” also counts the time, as if an oak table with a kerosene lamp under a green shade is waiting for the poet, in the light of which Sergey Yesenin often worked.From the upper room we find ourselves in the room of the poet's mother. Here are her clothes and the famous fur coat - “shushun”, in which Tatyana Fedorovna often went out onto the road and, peering into the distance, was waiting for her son.

Immediately behind the house begins a garden where cherries grow in abundance. In the depths of it, a makeshift hut hid (restored in 2003), in which, after the fire of 1922, the Yesenins were forced to huddle. Nearby is an apple tree that miraculously survived the fire. Not far from the temporary hut there is a barn built in 1913. During the summer visits of the poet, he turned into his bedroom and study. At the very end of the estate there is a restored riga (shed for drying sheaves).In 1970, next to the Yesenin estate, a park was laid out where trees dear to the poet’s heart were planted: birches, maples, lilacs, lindens, mountain ash ... On October 4, 2007, a bronze monument to Sergei Yesenin by the sculptor was erected in the park A.A. Bichukov.

Museum of the poem "Anna Snegina".

Next to the Church of the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God is the estate of the last Konstantinovsky landowner Lidia Ivanovna Kashina. Sergei Yesenin met the owner of the estate for the first time in the summer of 1916. At this time, he was already the author of his first collection of poetry, Radunitsa. Lydia Kashina became one of the prototypes of the main character of the poem "Anna Snegina". Sergei Yesenin visited Kashina's house more than once, since he had friendly relations with the hostess. In 1918, after the nationalization of the estate, the poet helped Lidia Ivanovna move to Moscow, he himself stayed in her Moscow apartment. After the revolution, Kashina's country house was used for the needs of the village, and in October 1969 a literary exposition was opened in it. On the occasion of the 100th anniversary of the poet's birth in 1995, the rooms of the house housed the exposition of the museum of one Yesenin's poem - "Anna Snegina".

Museum expositions occupy the first floor of the “house with a mezzanine”. The exhibits tell us about the life of the Kashina family, her guests, fellow villagers of the poet. Manuscripts, photographs, household items help draw parallels between the inhabitants of the house and the heroes of the poem, tell about the life of Konstantinovites during the years of the revolution. Among the exhibits is Lydia Ivanovna's memorial piano, her miniature chest of drawers, a box and other items. Autographs of Sergei Yesenin's poem "Anna Snegina" accompany museum visitors in almost every hall. According to them, one can trace the poet's attitude to the First World War and the revolution, the mood of the villagers in the "harsh, formidable years", the relationship of the characters. The exposition presents the first collection of poems by Sergei Yesenin "Radunitsa", personal belongings of the poet: an inkwell, a paperweight, an ashtray, a notebook cover, etc.

The mezzanine of the house houses temporary exhibitions from the museum's funds.Museum of the poem "Anna Snegina" through acquaintance with the house where the poet used to be, immerses the reader into the atmosphere of the events described in one of the best poems by Sergei Yesenin

Church of the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God.

In the center of the village, not far from the Yesenins' house, on the banks of the Oka, the Church of the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God was built. The first mention of a temple with the same name dates back to 1619. In 1779, at the expense of the owner Konstantinov, Prince Alexander Mikhailovich Golitsyn, it was erected according to the project of the architect I.E. Starova Kazan stone church with a chapel of martyrs Vera, Nadezhda, Lyubov and their mother Sophia. In the future, all Konstantinovsky landowners monitored the state of the temple and sought to renew and decorate it in time.The benefactor of the local church was the priest John Smirnov, who was forced to leave his ministry in the 20s of the last century.

In 1937, the building of the temple was turned into a grain warehouse, collective farm agricultural machinery was placed on the territory of the church.In the 70s, the building was transferred to the museum as an architectural monument of the last quarter of the 18th century. The temple served as an exhibition hall for a long time.

In 1990, at the request of the inhabitants of the village of Konstantinov, the Church of the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God was returned to the Ryazan diocese.

In 2001, the bell tower, which had been destroyed in the 1950s, was restored. The refectory was repainted in 2007 (the paintings in the refectory were lost). In 2008, the murals of the quadrangle were restored, which in 1905 were made by icon painters who stayed at the Yesenins' house.Since January 2004, the Church of the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God has been a parish church. It regularly holds worship services.

Land school.

Not far from the Yesenin estate is the building of the Zemstvo school. In 1879, the peasants and the local landowner S.G. Kupriyanov filed a petition to open a school in Konstantinov, and the rural community donated 60 rubles for this. In February 1879, a school appeared in Konstantinov. Many peasants gave their children to it, and the father of the future poet Alexander Nikitich Yesenin also studied at the Zemstvo school. In the summer of 1898 the school building was rebuilt. In 1904, Seryozha Yesenin crossed his threshold.Unfortunately, the memorial building has not survived to this day.

In 1994, the building of the zemstvo school was restored, and soon the exposition was located in it.One of the two classes of the school is historical. It contains a story about zemstvo schools in the Ryazan province. The exhibition presents photographs of zemstvo schools, teachers, methodological literature, teaching aids, as well as children's books published for the people. Of particular interest is the educational geographical map of 1895, since it is the same age as Sergei Yesenin. All these exhibits give an idea of ​​the system of primary public education in Russia at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries.

The other class is memorial. Its atmosphere takes us back to 1904-1909, when Sergei Yesenin studied at the Zemstvo school: a red corner with an icon of the Virgin, slender rows of desks, portraits of Emperor Nicholas II and Empress Alexandra Feodorovna on both sides of a black chalkboard, floor abacus, on the walls - educational paintings on the subjects of the sacred history. Large visual aids with Church Slavonic and pre-revolutionary Russian alphabets attract the attention of visitors.In the corner is a clock once given to the school by a trustee.I.P. Kulakov. In the window there is a slate from the Yesenin family, old copybooks and textbooks, school supplies. Nearby are photographs of the teachers of the future poet Ivan Matveyevich and Lydia Ivanovna Vlasov, priest John Smirnov, who taught the Law of God, documents, including a certificate of graduation from the Zemstvo school by Sergei Yesenin and a list of students “subjected to trials” (passing final exams) in 1909. From the last document it can be seen that Sergei Yesenin, despite his mischievous character, was an excellent student.

In the year of graduation from school, the young poet starred with his fellow villagers on the site in front of the temple. This is the earliest photograph of Sergei Yesenin. In an enlarged form, it adorns one of the walls of the memorial classroom.Silence does not always reign in the classrooms of the zemstvo school. Very often, schoolchildren come here for unusual "Yesenin" lessons to feel like the poet's classmates.