Chapter 2. Relationships between military personnel
Unity of command. Commanders (chiefs) and subordinates. (pp. 30 - 35)
Seniors and juniors
An order (command), the order of its issuance and execution. (pp. 36 - 42)
Military personnel initiative
Military salute (items 43 - 55)
Procedure for presentation to commanders (chiefs) (items 56 - 63)
and persons arriving for inspection (checking)
On military politeness and behavior of military personnel (paragraphs 64 - 71)
Unity of command. Commanders (chiefs) and subordinates. Seniors and juniors
30. Unity of command is one of the principles of building the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, their leadership and relationships between military personnel. It consists of vesting the commander (chief) with full administrative power in relation to his subordinates and imposing on him personal responsibility to the state for all aspects of the life and activities of the military unit, unit and each serviceman.
Unity of command is expressed in the right of the commander (chief), based on a comprehensive assessment of the situation, to make decisions alone, give appropriate orders in strict accordance with the requirements of laws and military regulations and ensure their implementation.
Discussion of an order is unacceptable, and disobedience or other failure to comply with an order is a military crime.
31. According to their official position and military rank, some military personnel in relation to others can be superiors or subordinates.
The boss has the right to give orders to his subordinate and demand their execution. The boss should be an example of tact and restraint for his subordinate and should not allow either familiarity or bias. The boss is responsible for actions that humiliate the human dignity of a subordinate.
A subordinate is obliged to unquestioningly follow the orders of his superior. Having complied with the order, he can file a complaint if he believes that he has been treated incorrectly.
Civilian personnel of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation are superiors to subordinates in accordance with their regular positions.
32. The superiors to whom military personnel are subordinate in service, even temporarily, are direct superiors.
The direct superior closest to the subordinate is called the immediate superior.
33. According to their military rank, the commanders are those in military service:
Marshals of the Russian Federation, army generals, fleet admirals - for senior and junior officers, warrant officers, midshipmen, sergeants, foremen, soldiers and sailors;
Generals, admirals, colonels and captains of the 1st rank - for junior officers, warrant officers, midshipmen, sergeants, foremen, soldiers and sailors;
Senior officers in the military ranks of lieutenant colonel, captain 2nd rank, major, captain 3rd rank - for warrant officers, midshipmen, sergeants, foremen, soldiers and sailors;
Junior officers - for sergeants, foremen, soldiers and sailors;
Ensigns and midshipmen - for sergeants, foremen, soldiers and sailors of the same military unit;
Sergeants and foremen - for soldiers and sailors of the same military unit.
34. Military personnel who, by their official position and military rank (Articles 32, 33), are not their superiors or subordinates in relation to other military personnel, may be senior or junior.
Seniority is determined by military ranks of military personnel.
Senior military ranks, if juniors violate military discipline, public order, rules of conduct, wearing military uniforms and performing military salutes, must demand that they eliminate these violations. Juniors in rank are obliged to unquestioningly fulfill these demands of their elders.
35. When performing duties jointly by military personnel who are not subordinate to each other, when their service relationships are not determined by the commander (chief), the senior of them by position, and in case of equal positions, the senior by military rank is the commander.
An order (command), the order of its issuance and execution. Military personnel initiative
36. Order - an order from the commander (chief), addressed to subordinates and requiring the mandatory performance of certain actions, compliance with certain rules, or establishing some order or regulation.
An order can be given in writing, orally or via technical means of communication to one or a group of military personnel. A written order is the main administrative official document (legal act) of military command, issued on the basis of unity of command by commanders of military units (chiefs of institutions). Verbal orders are given by all commanders (chiefs).
37. An order is a form of communication by the commander (chief) of tasks to subordinates on private issues. The order is given in writing or orally. A written order is an administrative official document issued by the chief of staff on behalf of the commander of a military unit or by the military commandant of the garrison on behalf of the head of the garrison.
The order (order) must comply with the requirements of laws and military regulations.
38. Before issuing an order, the commander (chief) is obliged to comprehensively assess the situation and provide measures to ensure its implementation. He is responsible for the order given and its consequences, for the compliance of the order with the law, as well as for abuse of power and excess of power or official authority in the order given and for failure to take measures to implement it. The order must be formulated clearly, not allow for double interpretation and not raise doubts among the subordinate.
39. Orders are given in order of subordination. If absolutely necessary, a senior superior can give an order to a subordinate, bypassing his immediate superior. In this case, he reports this to the immediate superior of the subordinate or orders the subordinate to report to his immediate superior.
40. The order of the commander (chief) must be carried out unquestioningly, accurately and on time. A soldier, having received an order, answers: “Yes,” and then carries it out.
If it is necessary to ensure the correct understanding of the order given by him, the commander (superior) may require a brief repetition of it, and the serviceman who received the order may contact the commander (superior) with a request to repeat it.
The serviceman is obliged to report the execution of the received order to the superior who gave the order and to his immediate superior.
A serviceman cannot be given orders and instructions, or assigned tasks that are not related to military service or aimed at breaking the law.
41. If a serviceman executing an order receives from another superior, senior in official position, a new order that would prevent him from carrying out the first, he reports this to the superior who gave the second order, and if confirmed, carries out the latter.
The one who gave the new order informs the boss who gave the first order.
42. In order to successfully complete the task assigned to him, a military serviceman is obliged to show reasonable initiative. It is especially necessary when the received order does not correspond to the dramatically changed situation, and the conditions are such that it is not possible to receive a new order in a timely manner.
Military salute
43. The military salute is the embodiment of the comradely cohesion of military personnel, evidence of mutual respect and a manifestation of common culture.
All military personnel are obliged to greet each other when meeting (overtaking), strictly observing the rules established The drill regulations Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.
Subordinates and juniors in military rank greet first, and in case of equal position, the one who considers himself more polite and well-mannered greets first.
44. Military personnel are also obliged to greet:
The Battle Banner of a military unit, as well as the Naval flag upon arrival on a warship and upon departure from it;
Funeral processions accompanied by military units.
45. Military units and subunits, when in formation, salute upon command:
President and Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation;
Marshals of the Russian Federation, army generals, fleet admirals, colonel generals, admirals and all direct superiors, as well as persons appointed to manage the inspection (check) of a military unit (unit).
To greet the above-mentioned persons in the ranks, the senior commander gives the command “At attention, alignment to the RIGHT (to the LEFT, to the MIDDLE)”, meets them and reports.
For example: “Comrade Major General. The 110th Motorized Rifle Regiment has been assembled for the general regimental evening verification. The regimental commander is Colonel Petrov.”
When constructing a military unit with the Battle Banner (at a parade, parade review, during the Military Oath, etc.), the report indicates the full name of the military unit with a list of honorary names and orders assigned to it.
When greeting the ranks while on the move, the chief gives only a command.
46. Military units and units also salute on command:
Tomb of the Unknown Soldier;
Mass graves of soldiers who died in battles for the freedom and independence of the Fatherland;
The Battle Banner of a military unit, and on a warship - the Naval Flag during its raising and lowering;
Funeral processions accompanied by military units;
Each other when meeting.
47. The military greeting by the troops in formation on the spot to the President and the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation is accompanied by the performance of the “Counter March” and the National Anthem by the orchestra.
When a military unit greets direct superiors from the commander of its unit and above, as well as persons appointed to lead the inspection (check), the orchestra performs only the “Counter March”.
48. When out of formation, both during classes and in free time from classes, military personnel of military units (units) greet their superiors with the command “Attention” or “Stand up. Attention.”
Only direct superiors and persons appointed to supervise the inspection (verification) are welcomed at headquarters and in institutions.
During classes outside the formation, as well as at meetings at which only officers are present, the command “Comrade officers” is given as a military greeting to commanders (chiefs).
The command “Attention”, “Stand at attention” or “Comrade officers” is given by the eldest of the present commanders (chiefs) or the serviceman who first saw the arriving commander (chief). At this command, all those present stand up, turn towards the arriving commander (chief) and take a combat stance, and officers, warrant officers and midshipmen, with their headgear on, also put their hand to it.
The eldest of the commanders (chiefs) present approaches the newcomer and reports to him.
The arriving commander (chief), having accepted the report, gives the command “At ease” or “Comrade officers”, and the person reporting repeats this command, after which all those present take the “at ease” position. Officers, warrant officers and midshipmen, while wearing headdress, lower their hand and subsequently act according to the instructions of the arriving commander (chief).
49. The command “Attention” or “Stand at attention” and a report to the commander (chief) are given upon his first visit to a military unit or unit on a given day. The command "Attention" is given to the ship's commander each time he arrives on the ship (disembarks from the ship).
In the presence of a senior commander (chief), the command for a military salute to the junior is not given and the report is not made.
When conducting classroom lessons, the command “Attention”, “Stand at attention” or “Comrade officers” is given before each lesson and at its end.
The command “Attention”, “Stand at attention” or “Comrade officers” before reporting to the commander (superior) is given if other military personnel are present; in their absence, the commander (superior) is only reported.
50. When performing the National Anthem, military personnel in formation take a formation stance without a command, and unit commanders from platoon and above, in addition, put their hand to their headgear.
Military personnel who are out of formation, when performing the anthem, take a drill stance, and when wearing a headdress, they put their hand to it.
51. The command to perform a military salute is not given to military units and subunits:
When a military unit or unit is alerted, on the march, as well as during tactical training and exercises;
At control points, communication centers and in places of combat duty (combat service);
At the firing line and firing (launching) position during firing (launching);
At airfields during flights;
During construction, household work or work for educational purposes, as well as during classes and work in workshops, parks, hangars, laboratories;
During sports competitions and games;
When eating and after the “End Light” signal before the “Rise” signal;
In rooms for patients.
In the listed cases, the chief or senior only reports to the arriving chief.
For example: “Comrade Major. The 2nd motorized rifle company is performing the second shooting exercise. The company commander is Captain Ilyin.”
Units participating in the funeral procession do not perform a military salute.
52. At ceremonial meetings, conferences held in a military unit, as well as at performances, concerts and movies, the command for a military salute is not given and is not reported to the commander (chief).
At general meetings of personnel, the command “Attention” or “Stand at attention” is given for a military greeting and reported to the commander (chief).
For example: “Comrade Lieutenant Colonel. The battalion personnel have arrived at the general meeting. The chief of staff of the battalion is Major Ivanov.”
53. When a superior or senior person addresses individual military personnel, they, with the exception of the sick, take a military stance and state their position, military rank and surname. When shaking hands, the elder shakes hands first. If the elder is not wearing gloves, the younger one takes off the glove from his right hand before shaking hands. Military personnel without a headdress accompany the handshake with a slight tilt of the head.
54. When greeted by a superior or senior (“Hello, comrades”), all military personnel, in or out of formation, respond: “We wish you good health”; if the boss or senior says goodbye (“Goodbye, comrades”), then the military personnel answer: “Goodbye.” At the end of the answer, the word “comrade” and military rank are added without indicating the type of military service or service.
For example, when answering: sergeants, petty officers, warrant officers, midshipmen and officers - “We wish you good health, comrade junior sergeant”, “Goodbye, comrade chief foreman”, “We wish you good health, comrade midshipman”, “Goodbye, comrade lieutenant”, etc. .P.
55. If a commander (chief), in the course of his service, congratulates or thanks a serviceman, then the soldier answers the commander (chief): “I serve the Fatherland.”
If the commander (chief) congratulates a military unit (unit), it responds with a drawn-out triple “Hurray”, and if the commander (chief) thanks, the military unit (unit) responds: “We serve the Fatherland.”
The procedure for presentation to commanders (superiors) and persons arriving for inspection (checking)
56. When a senior commander (chief) arrives at a military unit, only the unit commander is introduced. Other persons introduce themselves only when the senior commander (chief) directly addresses them, stating their military position, military rank and surname.
57. Military personnel introduce themselves to their immediate superiors:
When appointed to a military position;
Upon surrender of a military post;
When conferring a military rank;
When awarded an order or medal;
When leaving on a business trip, for treatment or on vacation and upon return.
When introducing themselves to their immediate superior, military personnel state their military position, military rank, last name and reason for the introduction.
For example: “Comrade Major. Commander of the 1st motorized rifle company, Captain Ivanov. I introduce myself on the occasion of my being awarded the military rank of captain.”
58. Officers and warrant officers newly appointed to the regiment are introduced to the regiment commander and then to his deputies, and upon receipt of appointment to the company - to the battalion commander, company commander and their deputies.
The regimental commander introduces newly arrived officers to the regiment's officers at the next officers' meeting or regimental formation.
59. When inspecting (checking) a military unit, its commander introduces himself to the arriving person appointed to lead the inspection (check), if he has a military rank equal to the commander of the unit, or is senior in rank to him; if the inspector (checker) is junior in rank to the commander of the military unit, then he introduces himself to the commander of the military unit.
Before the start of the inspection (check), the commander of the military unit introduces the commanders of the inspected (checked) units to the inspecting (verifying) officer.
60. When an inspector (inspector) visits a unit, the commanders of these units meet him and report to him.
If the inspector (checker) arrives at the unit together with the commander of the military unit, then the unit commander reports to the inspector (checker) if the latter is of equal military rank with the commander of the military unit or is senior in rank to him.
If during an inspection (check) a senior commander (chief) arrives, then the commander of the military unit (unit) reports to him, and the inspecting (verifier) introduces himself.
61. When visiting a military unit (ship) by the President of the Russian Federation, the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation and his deputies, commanders-in-chief of the Armed Forces, members of the Government of the Russian Federation, the commander of the military unit (ship) meets, reports and accompanies these persons who have arrived at the location of the military unit ( on the ship), and upon arrival at the invitation to the military unit (on the ship) of participants of the Great Patriotic War, internationalist soldiers, veterans of the Armed Forces, honored workers of science, culture and art, representatives of public organizations of Russia, foreign countries and other honored visitors, the commander of the military unit (of the ship) meets them, introduces himself to them and accompanies them without reporting.
In memory of the visit to the military unit (ship) by honorary visitors, they are presented with the Book of Honorable Visitors (Appendix 4) for the corresponding entry.
62. When military personnel arrive at a military unit (unit) to carry out individual official assignments of senior commanders (chiefs), the commander of the military unit (unit) introduces himself only as the senior in military rank. In other cases, arrivals introduce themselves to the commander of the military unit (unit) and report on the purpose of their arrival.
63. All instructions from inspectors (inspectors) or military personnel performing individual official assignments from senior commanders (chiefs) are transmitted through the commander of the military unit. The named persons are obliged to inform the commander of the military unit (unit) about the results of the inspection (check) or the fulfillment of the official assignment assigned to them.
When conducting a survey of military personnel of a military unit (unit), inspectors (verifiers) are guided by the requirements of Appendix 8.
On military politeness and behavior of military personnel
64. Military personnel must constantly serve as an example of high culture, modesty and restraint, sacredly guard military honor, protect their dignity and respect the dignity of others. They must remember that not only themselves, but also the honor of the Armed Forces as a whole is judged by their behavior.
Relationships between military personnel are built on the basis of mutual respect. Regarding service issues, they should address each other as “you”. When addressed in person, the military rank is called without indicating the type of military service or service.
Chiefs and elders, addressing their subordinates and juniors in their service, call them by military rank and surname or only by rank, adding in the latter case the word “comrade” before the rank.
For example: “Private Petrov (Petrova)”, “Comrade Private”, “Sergeant Koltsov (Koltsova)”, “Comrade Sergeant”, “Midshipman Ivanov (Ivanova)”, etc.
When addressing cadets of military educational institutions of professional education who do not have the military ranks of sergeant and petty officer, warrant officer and midshipman, as well as cadets of military training units (units), when addressing them, call them: “Cadet Ivanov”, “Comrade Cadet”.
Subordinates and juniors, when addressing superiors and seniors in their service, call them by their military rank, adding the word “comrade” before the rank.
For example: “Comrade Senior Lieutenant”, “Comrade Rear Admiral”.
When addressing military personnel of guard formations and military units, the word “guard” is added before the military rank.
For example: “Comrade Guard Sergeant Major 1st Article”, “Comrade Guard Colonel”.
During off-duty hours and outside formation, officers can address each other not only by military rank, but also by name and patronymic. In everyday life, officers are allowed to use the affirmative expression “the officer’s word” and when saying goodbye to each other, instead of “goodbye” they are allowed to say “I have the honor.”
When addressing civilian personnel of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, military personnel call them by their military position, adding the word “comrade” before the title of the position.
Distortion of military ranks, use of obscene words, nicknames and nicknames, rudeness and familiar treatment are incompatible with the concept of military honor and the dignity of military personnel.
65. Outside formation, when giving or receiving an order, military personnel are required to take a formation stance, and when wearing a headdress, put their hand on it and lower it.
When reporting or accepting a report, the serviceman lowers his hand from his headgear at the end of the report. If the command “Attention” was given before the report, then the reporter, at the command of the chief “At ease,” repeats it and lowers his hand from his headdress.
66. When speaking to another serviceman in the presence of a commander (chief) or senior, he must be asked for permission.
For example: “Comrade Colonel. Allow me to address Captain Ivanov.”
67. In public places, as well as on a tram, trolleybus, bus, subway car and commuter trains, if there are no empty seats, a serviceman is obliged to offer his seat to a superior (senior).
If during a meeting it is impossible to freely part ways with the superior (senior), then the subordinate (junior) must give way and, when greeting, let him pass; if necessary, overtake the superior (senior), the subordinate (junior) must ask permission.
Military personnel must be polite to the civilian population, show special attention to the elderly, women and children, help protect the honor and dignity of citizens, and provide assistance to them in case of accidents, fires and natural disasters.
68. Military personnel are prohibited from keeping their hands in their pockets, sitting or smoking in the presence of a superior (senior) without his permission, as well as smoking on the streets while moving and in places not designated for this purpose.
69. A sober lifestyle should be the daily norm of behavior for all military personnel. Appearing drunk on duty or in public places is a gross disciplinary offense that disgraces the honor and dignity of a military personnel.
70. For military personnel of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, the necessary types of clothing are established. Military uniforms and insignia are approved by the President of the Russian Federation. All military personnel, as well as citizens in the reserve or retired who have been discharged from military service with the right to wear military uniforms, have the right to wear military uniforms. Military uniforms are worn strictly in accordance with the rules approved by the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation.
Outside the location of a military unit, on vacation, on leave or on vacation, military personnel are allowed not to wear military uniforms.
71. The rules of military politeness, behavior and performance of the military salute are also mandatory for citizens who are in the reserves or are retired when they wear military uniforms. They must strictly adhere to the established rules for wearing military uniforms.
33. Unity of command is one of the basic principles of the construction of the Armed Forces, their leadership and relationships between military personnel. Unity of command consists in vesting the commander (chief) with full administrative power in relation to his subordinates and imposing on him personal responsibility to the state for all aspects of the life and activities of a military unit, unit and each serviceman.
Unity of command is expressed in the right of the commander (chief), based on a comprehensive assessment of the situation, to make decisions individually, give appropriate orders in the prescribed manner and ensure their implementation.
34. According to their official position and military rank, some military personnel in relation to others can be superiors or subordinates.
The boss has the right to give orders to his subordinate and demand their execution. He should be an example of tact and restraint for his subordinate and should not allow familiarity and bias towards him. The boss is responsible for actions that humiliate the honor and dignity of a subordinate.
A subordinate is obliged to unquestioningly follow the orders of his superior.
Civilian personnel of the Armed Forces filling military positions are superiors to subordinates in accordance with the regular position being filled.
35. The superiors to whom military personnel are subordinate in service, even temporarily, are direct superiors.
The direct superior closest to the subordinate is called the immediate superior.
36. According to their military rank, the commanders are those undergoing military service:
marshals of the Russian Federation, army generals, fleet admirals - for senior and junior officers, warrant officers, midshipmen, sergeants, foremen, soldiers and sailors;
generals, admirals, colonels and captains of the 1st rank - for junior officers, warrant officers, midshipmen, sergeants, foremen, soldiers and sailors;
senior officers in the military ranks of lieutenant colonel, captain 2nd rank, major, captain 3rd rank - for warrant officers, midshipmen, sergeants, foremen, soldiers and sailors;
junior officers - for sergeants, foremen, soldiers and sailors;
warrant officers and midshipmen - for sergeants, foremen, soldiers and sailors of the same military unit;
sergeants and foremen - for soldiers and sailors of the same military unit.
37. Military personnel who, by their official position and military rank (Articles 35 and 36 of this Charter) are not their superiors or subordinates in relation to other military personnel, may be senior or junior.
Seniority is determined by military ranks of military personnel.
Senior military ranks, if juniors violate military discipline (rules of conduct, wearing military uniforms, performing a military salute, etc.) must demand that they eliminate this violation. Juniors in military rank are obliged to unquestioningly fulfill these demands of their elders.
38. When performing duties jointly by military personnel who are not subordinate to each other, when their service relationships are not determined by the commander (chief), the senior one in military position, and in equal positions, the senior in military rank is the commander.
Order (command), the procedure for its issuance and execution
39. Order - an order from the commander (chief), addressed to subordinates and requiring the mandatory execution of certain actions, compliance with certain rules, or establishing any order or regulation.
An order can be given in writing, orally or via technical means of communication to one or a group of military personnel. An order given in writing is the main administrative official document (normative act) of military command, issued on the basis of unity of command by the commander of a military unit. All commanders (chiefs) have the right to give verbal orders to their subordinates.
Discussion (criticism) of an order is unacceptable, and failure to comply with an order from a commander (superior) given in the prescribed manner is a crime against military service.
40. An order is a form of communication by the commander (chief) of tasks to subordinates on private issues. The order is given in writing or orally. An order given in writing is an administrative official document issued by the chief of staff on behalf of the commander of a military unit or by the military commandant on behalf of the garrison commander.
41. The order (order) must comply with federal laws, general military regulations and orders of higher commanders (chiefs). When giving an order (order), the commander (chief) must not allow the abuse of official powers or their excess.
Commanders (superiors) are prohibited from giving orders (orders) that are not related to the performance of military service duties or aimed at violating the legislation of the Russian Federation. Commanders (chiefs) who gave such orders (orders) are held accountable in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.
The order is formulated clearly, concisely and clearly without the use of language that is subject to different interpretations.
42. Before issuing an order, the commander (chief) is obliged to comprehensively assess the situation and provide measures to ensure its implementation.
Orders are given in order of command. If absolutely necessary, a senior superior can give an order to a subordinate, bypassing his immediate superior. In this case, he reports this to the immediate superior of the subordinate, or the subordinate himself reports receipt of the order to his immediate superior.
43. The order of the commander (chief) must be carried out unquestioningly, accurately and on time. A soldier, having received an order, answers: “Yes,” and then carries it out.
If it is necessary to ensure the correct understanding of the order given by him, the commander (superior) may demand that it be repeated, and the serviceman who received the order may contact the commander (superior) with a request to repeat it.
Having carried out the order, a serviceman who disagrees with the order can appeal it.
The serviceman is obliged to report the execution of the received order to the superior who gave the order and to his immediate superior.
A subordinate who fails to comply with the order of the commander (superior), given in the prescribed manner, is brought to criminal liability on the grounds provided for by the legislation of the Russian Federation.
44. The commander (chief) is responsible for the order (order) given and its consequences, for the compliance of the contents of the order (order) with the requirements of Article 41 of this Charter and for failure to take measures to ensure its implementation.
Only the commander (chief) who issued it, or a superior direct superior, has the right to cancel an order (command).
45. If a serviceman executing an order receives a new order from a senior commander (chief) that would prevent the execution of the first one, he reports this to the superior who gave the new order, and if the new order is confirmed, he carries it out.
The boss who gave the new order informs the boss who gave the first order.
In order to successfully complete the task assigned to him, a serviceman is obliged to show reasonable initiative.
Military salute
46. The military salute is the embodiment of the comradely cohesion of military personnel, evidence of mutual respect and a manifestation of politeness and good manners.
All military personnel are obliged to greet each other when meeting (overtaking), observing the rules established by the drill regulations of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. Subordinates (junior in military rank) greet their superiors (senior in military rank) first, and in an equal position, the one who considers himself more polite and well-mannered greets first.
47. Military personnel are obliged to perform a military salute, paying tribute to:
Tomb of the Unknown Soldier;
The State Flag of the Russian Federation, the Battle Banner of the military unit, as well as the Naval Flag upon each arrival on and departure from the ship;
48. Military units and subunits, when in formation, salute upon command:
the President of the Russian Federation, the Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation and the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation;
marshals of the Russian Federation, army generals, fleet admirals, colonel generals, admirals and all direct superiors, as well as persons appointed to manage the inspection (check) of a military unit (unit).
To welcome the indicated persons into the ranks, the senior commander gives the command “Attention, alignment to the RIGHT (to the LEFT, to the MIDDLE)”, meets them and reports.
For example: “Comrade Major General. The 46th Tank Regiment was formed for the general regimental evening verification. The regimental commander is Colonel Orlov.”
When constructing a military unit with the State Flag of the Russian Federation and the Battle Banner (at a parade, drill review, during the Military Oath (taking an obligation), etc.), the report indicates the full name of the military unit with a list of honorary names and orders assigned to it .
When greeting the ranks while on the move, the chief gives only a command.
49. Military units and subunits greet each other upon command when meeting, and also perform a military salute, paying tribute to:
Tomb of the Unknown Soldier;
mass graves of soldiers who died in battles for the freedom and independence of the Fatherland;
the State Flag of the Russian Federation, the Battle Banner of a military unit, and on a warship - the Naval Flag when it is raised and lowered;
funeral processions accompanied by military units.
50. The military greeting by the troops in formation on the spot to the President of the Russian Federation, the Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation and the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation is accompanied by the performance of the “Counter March” and the National Anthem of the Russian Federation by the orchestra.
When a military unit greets direct superiors from the commander of its military unit and above, as well as persons appointed to lead the inspection (check), the orchestra performs only the “Counter March”.
51. When out of formation, both during classes and in free time from classes, military personnel of military units (units) greet their superiors with the command “Attention” or “Stand up. Attention.”
Only direct superiors and persons appointed to supervise the inspection (check) are welcomed at headquarters.
During classes outside the formation, as well as at meetings at which only officers are present, the command “Comrade officers” is given as a military greeting to commanders (chiefs).
The commands “Attention”, “Stand at attention” or “Comrade officers” are given by the eldest of the present commanders (chiefs) or the serviceman who first saw the arriving commander (chief). At this command, all those present stand up, turn towards the arriving commander (chief) and take a combat stance, and with the headdress on, they also put their hand to it.
The senior commander (chief) present approaches the arriving commander (chief) and reports to him.
The arriving commander (chief), having accepted the report, gives the command “At ease” or “COMRADE OFFICERS”, and the one who reported repeats this command, after which all those present take the “at ease” position, with the headgear on, lower their hand from the headgear and then act according to instructions of the arriving commander (chief).
52. The command “Attention” or “Stand at attention” and a report to the commander (chief) are given upon his first visit to a military unit or unit on a given day. The command "Attention" is given to the ship's commander each time he arrives on the ship (disembarks from the ship).
In the presence of a senior commander (chief), the command for a military greeting is not given to the junior and no report is made.
When conducting classroom lessons, the commands “Attention”, “Stand at attention” or “Comrade officers” are given before the start of each lesson and at its end.
The commands “Attention”, “Stand at attention” or “Comrade officers” before reporting to the commander (superior) are given if other military personnel are present; in their absence, the commander (superior) is only reported.
53. When performing the National Anthem of the Russian Federation, military personnel in formation take a formation stance without a command, and unit commanders from platoon and above, in addition, put their hand to their headgear.
Military personnel who are out of formation, when performing the National Anthem of the Russian Federation, take a drill stance, and when wearing a headdress, put their hand to it.
54. The command to perform a military salute is not given to military units and subunits:
when a military unit (unit) is raised on alert, on the march, as well as during tactical training and exercises;
at control points, communication centers and in places of combat duty (combat service);
at the firing line and firing (launching) position during firing (launching);
at airfields during flights;
during classes and work in workshops, parks, hangars, laboratories, as well as when performing work for educational purposes;
during sports competitions and games;
when eating and after the “End Light” signal before the “Rise” signal;
in rooms for patients.
In the listed cases, the commander (chief) or senior only reports to the arriving commander.
For example: “Comrade Major. The 1st motorized rifle company is performing the second shooting exercise. The company commander is Captain Ilyin.”
Units participating in the funeral procession do not perform a military salute.
55. At ceremonial meetings, conferences in a military unit, as well as at performances, concerts and movies, the command for a military greeting is not given and is not reported to the commander (chief).
At general meetings of personnel, for a military greeting, the command “ATRIC” or “STAND AT ATTENTION” is given and reported to the commander (chief).
56. When a superior or senior addresses individual military personnel, they, with the exception of the sick, take a military stance and state their military position, military rank and surname. When shaking hands, the elder shakes hands first. If the elder is not wearing gloves, the younger one takes off the glove from his right hand before shaking hands. Military personnel without a headdress accompany the handshake with a slight tilt of the head.
57. When greeted by a superior or senior (“Hello, comrades”), all military personnel, in or out of formation, respond: “We wish you good health”; if the boss or senior says goodbye (“Goodbye, comrades”), then the military personnel answer: “Goodbye.” In this case, the word “comrade” and military rank are added without indicating the words “justice” or “medical service”.
For example: “We wish you good health, Comrade Junior Sergeant,” “Goodbye, Comrade Chief Petty Officer,” “We wish you good health, Comrade Midshipman,” “Goodbye, Comrade Lieutenant.”
58. If a commander (chief), in the course of his service, congratulates or thanks a serviceman, then the soldier answers the commander (chief): “I serve the Russian Federation.”
If the commander (chief) congratulates the military personnel of a military unit (unit) who are in the ranks, they respond with a drawn-out triple “Hurray”, and if the commander (chief) thanks them, the military personnel respond: “We serve the Russian Federation.”
The procedure for presentation to commanders (superiors) and persons arriving for inspection (checking)
59. When a senior commander (chief) arrives at a military unit, only the commander of the military unit is introduced. Other persons introduce themselves only when the senior commander (chief) directly addresses them, stating their military position, military rank and surname.
60. Military personnel introduce themselves to their immediate superiors in the following cases:
appointment to a military position;
surrender of a military post;
assignment of military rank;
awarding an order or medal;
departures on a business trip, for treatment or on vacation and upon return.
When introducing themselves to their immediate superior, military personnel state their military position, military rank, last name and reason for the introduction.
For example: “Comrade Major. Commander of the 1st Motorized Rifle Company, Captain Ivanov. I introduce myself on the occasion of my being awarded the military rank of captain.”
61. Officers and warrant officers newly appointed to the regiment are introduced to the regiment commander and then to his deputies, and upon receipt of appointment to the company - to the battalion commander, company commander and their deputies.
The regimental commander introduces newly arrived officers to the regiment's officers at the next officers' meeting or regimental formation.
62. When inspecting (checking) a military unit, its commander introduces himself to the arriving person appointed to lead the inspection (check), if the inspecting (checker) is of equal military rank with the commander of the military unit or is senior in rank to him; if the inspector (checker) is younger in military rank than the commander of the military unit, then he himself introduces himself to the commander of the military unit.
Before the start of the inspection (check), the commander of the military unit introduces the commanders of the inspected (checked) units to the inspecting (verifying) officer.
63. When an inspector (inspector) visits a unit, the commanders of these units meet him and report to him.
If the inspector (checker) arrives at the unit together with the commander of the military unit, then the unit commander reports to the inspector (checker) if the latter is of equal military rank with the commander of the military unit or is senior in rank to him.
If during an inspection (check) a senior commander (chief) arrives, then the commander of the military unit (unit) reports to him, and the inspecting (verifier) introduces himself.
64. When visiting a military unit (ship) by the President of the Russian Federation, the Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation, the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation and his deputies, the commander of the military unit (ship) meets the indicated persons, reports to them and accompanies them to the location of the military unit (ship), and members of the Government of the Russian Federation and veterans of the Great Patriotic War, veterans of military operations on the territory of the USSR, on the territory of the Russian Federation and the territories of other states, veterans of military service, as well as honored figures of science, culture and art, representatives of public organizations of the Russian Federation, foreign states and other honored visitors, the commander of a military unit (ship) meets, introduces himself to them and accompanies them without reporting to them.
In memory of the visit to the military unit (ship), honorary visitors are provided with the Book of Honorable Visitors (Appendix No. 4) for the corresponding entry.
65. When military personnel arrive at a military unit (unit) to carry out individual official assignments of senior commanders (chiefs), the commander of the military unit (unit) introduces himself only as the senior military rank. In other cases, arrivals introduce themselves to the commander of the military unit (unit) and report on the purpose of their arrival.
66. All instructions from inspectors (inspectors) or military personnel performing individual official assignments from senior commanders (chiefs) are transmitted through the commander of the military unit. The named persons are obliged to inform the commander of the military unit (unit) about the results of the inspection (check) or the fulfillment of the official assignment assigned to them.
When conducting a survey of military personnel of a military unit (unit), inspectors (verifiers) are guided by the requirements provided for in Appendix No. 6.
On military politeness and behavior of military personnel
67. Military personnel must constantly serve as an example of high culture, modesty and restraint, sacredly guard military honor, protect their dignity and respect the dignity of others. They must remember that not only they, but the Armed Forces as a whole are judged by their behavior.
Relationships between military personnel are built on the basis of mutual respect. In matters of military service, they must address each other as “you.” When addressed in person, the military rank is called without specifying the words “justice” or “medical service”.
Chiefs and elders, when addressing matters of service to subordinates and juniors, call them by military rank and surname or only by military rank, adding in the latter case the word “comrade” before the military rank.
For example: “Private Petrov”, “Comrade Private”, “Sergeant Koltsov”, “Comrade Sergeant”, “Midshipman Ivanov”.
Military personnel studying in military educational institutions of professional education and not having the military ranks of sergeants, foremen, warrant officers, midshipmen, officers, as well as military personnel studying in military training units, are called by the military position to which they are assigned.
For example: “Cadet (listener) Ivanov”, “Comrade cadet (listener)”.
Subordinates and juniors, when addressing matters of service to their superiors and elders, call them by their military rank, adding the word “comrade” before the military rank.
For example: “Comrade Senior Lieutenant”, “Comrade Rear Admiral”.
When addressing military personnel of guard formations and military units, the word “guard” is added before the military rank.
For example: “Comrade Guard Sergeant Major 1st Article”, “Comrade Guard Colonel”.
Outside the ranks, officers can address each other not only by military rank, but also by name and patronymic. In everyday life, officers are allowed to use the affirmative expression “the officer’s word” and when saying goodbye to each other, instead of saying “goodbye,” they are allowed to say “I have the honor.”
When addressing civilian personnel of the Armed Forces holding military positions, military personnel call them by their military position, adding the word “comrade” before the name of the position, or by their first and patronymic names.
Distortion of military ranks, use of obscene words, nicknames and nicknames, rudeness and familiar treatment are incompatible with the concept of military honor and the dignity of a serviceman.
68. When out of formation, when giving or receiving an order, military personnel are required to take a formation stance, and when wearing a headdress, put their hand on it and lower it after giving or receiving an order.
When reporting or accepting a report, the serviceman lowers his hand from his headgear at the end of the report. If before the report the command “Attention” was given, then the reporter, at the command of the chief “At ease”, repeats the command, and with the headdress on, lowers his hand.
69. When speaking to another serviceman in the presence of a commander (chief) or senior, he must be asked for permission.
For example: “Comrade Colonel. Allow me to address Captain Ivanov.”
When an affirmative answer must be given to a question from a superior or senior, the serviceman answers: “That’s right,” and when it is negative, “No way.”
70. In public places, as well as on a tram, trolleybus, bus, metro car and commuter trains, if there are no empty seats, a serviceman is obliged to offer his seat to a superior (senior).
If during a meeting it is impossible to freely part ways with the boss (senior), the subordinate (junior) is obliged to give way and, when greeting, let him pass; If it is necessary to overtake the boss (senior), the subordinate (junior) must ask permission.
Military personnel must be polite towards the civilian population, show special attention to the disabled, the elderly, women and children, help protect the honor and dignity of citizens, and also provide assistance to them in case of accidents, fires and other natural and man-made emergencies.
71. Military personnel are prohibited from keeping their hands in their pockets, sitting or smoking in the presence of a superior (senior) without his permission, as well as smoking on the streets while moving and in places not designated for smoking.
72. A sober lifestyle should be the daily norm of behavior for all military personnel. Appearing on the streets, squares, parks, public vehicles, and other public places while intoxicated is a disciplinary offense that disgraces the honor and dignity of a military personnel.
73. Military uniforms and insignia are established for military personnel. All military personnel, as well as citizens discharged from military service with the right to wear military uniforms, have the right to wear military uniforms. Military uniforms are worn strictly in accordance with the rules for wearing military uniforms and insignia, determined by the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation.
Military personnel performing military service under a contract have the right not to wear military uniforms during the time free from performing the duties of military service, determined by the regulations of service time, and military personnel performing military service on conscription - outside the location of a military unit upon discharge or on leave.
74. The rules of military politeness, behavior and performance of the military salute are also mandatory for citizens discharged from military service when they wear military uniforms.
Order of the USSR Minister of War No. 0085 "On the state of military discipline in the Soviet Army and measures to strengthen it"
In April this year A meeting of the Main Military Council of the Ministry of War took place, at which the issue of the state of military discipline in the Soviet Army and measures to strengthen it was discussed.
The Main Military Council established:
1. The current situation with discipline among the personnel of a significant part of military formations is unfavorable, does not meet the requirements of constant combat readiness of troops and cannot be tolerated in the future.
The number of emergency incidents and disciplinary offenses in 1950, especially offenses directly affecting combat readiness - desertion, unauthorized absences, rudeness and bickering between subordinates and superiors, cases of direct failure to comply with orders, drunkenness of military personnel, violation of statutory requirements in guard duty, careless attitude towards weapons and military equipment - in a number of military districts, groups of troops, air armies and air defense areas not only did not decrease, but even increased.
2. The state of military discipline and combat readiness in the Central Group of Forces (Commander-in-Chief, Lieutenant General SVIRIDOV) is completely unsatisfactory. Many instances of political carelessness and weakening of vigilance were noted among the group’s troops, and the number of emergency incidents sharply increased.
The most lagging behind in matters of military discipline are also: Leningrad Military District (Commander Colonel General LUCHINSKY),
Baltic Military District (Commander General of the Army BAGRAMYAN),
Odessa Military District (Commander Colonel General PUKHOV),
Moscow Military District (Commander Colonel General ARTEMYEV),
North Caucasus Military District (Commander Colonel General TROFIMENKO),
South Ural Military District (Commander Colonel General BELOV),
Transcaucasian Military District (Commander Army General ANTONOV),
54th Air Army (Commander, Lieutenant General of Aviation SENATORS),
24th Air Army (Commander Air Marshal VERSHININ),
Leningrad Air Defense Region (Commander, Lieutenant General SHCHEGLOV),
39th Airborne Corps (commander Major General TAVARTKILADZE).
3. The Main Political Directorate of the Soviet Army worked unsatisfactorily and failed to cope with the task of ensuring the education of personnel, especially officers, in the spirit of high military discipline. Senior officials of the Main Political Directorate have weak connections with the troops and are rarely on the ground.
The existing practice of issuing directives by the Main Political Directorate and local political agencies on issues of party-political work in the army, in parallel with orders and directives of the Minister of War, Commanders-in-Chief and Commanders, is incorrect and does not contribute to the strengthening of unity of command.
4. The incorrect practice of trying and arresting military personnel leads to the fact that the military prosecutor's office and tribunals, with the connivance of many commanders and political workers, and sometimes without their knowledge, often bring to trial and arrest military personnel without sufficient grounds.
As a result, a large number of military personnel have been convicted in the army over the past year. All the more incorrect is the situation in which officers are put on trial and arrested without the knowledge of the Minister of War.
5. The main reasons for the low level of military discipline in many formations and units of the Soviet Army are:
- Belittling the role of the commander-in-chief as the main link in strengthening firm military discipline, belittling the rights of the commander and his authority.
- Low demands on subordinates on the part of commanders and political workers, and in some cases - connivance towards violators of military discipline and weak control of commanders, headquarters and political agencies over the implementation of regulations and orders.
- Serious shortcomings in the work on political and military education of military personnel. Many political agencies, party and Komsomol organizations do a poor job of ensuring that commanders instill strict military discipline; they often administer and replace commanders.
They allow criticism of the commander's performance, which helps to undermine the commander's authority and gives him the fear of taking full responsibility.
Some senior commanders and political workers, due to fear of criticism, do not speak out in defense of the demanding commanders subordinate to them in cases of unjustified prosecution.
A number of commanders shift the rights granted to them by the charter in relation to their subordinates to political departments, party organizations, the prosecutor's office and the judiciary.
There is a high turnover of officers, which disrupts the stabilization of officer cadres and reduces the combat readiness of troops, negatively affecting the political, moral state and discipline of officers.
- Lack of due attention in the troops to the selection, training and education of sergeants and foremen, maintaining their authority as commanders and direct educators of soldiers.
The legal status, training and material support of sergeants does not correspond to their role as the closest assistants to officers in establishing strict military order and high military discipline in units.
- Insufficient attention of commanders and political workers to the issues of meeting the material and living needs of personnel, including officers.
Based on the decision of the Main Military Council of the Ministry of War, I ORDER:
1. The commanders of troops and the Military Councils of military districts, groups of troops, armies and air defense regions should seriously strengthen military discipline, establish a firm statutory order and, on this basis, eliminate emergencies in the troops.
2. Raise and strengthen the role of the single commander from the District Troop Commander to the unit commander inclusive, as the main link in increasing the combat readiness of troops and strengthening military discipline.
Do not allow discussion of the official activities of communist commanders and Komsomol members at party and Komsomol meetings of units and units.
3. Increase the demands of commanders and political workers on their subordinates, strengthen the control of commanders, headquarters and political agencies over the fulfillment of the requirements of charters and orders.
4. The leadership of the Commander-in-Chief of the Far East Forces, the Commanders of the Troops and the leadership of military districts, groups of forces, armies and air defense areas is based on direct work in the troops, with the focus on checking the fulfillment of the tasks assigned to them by the troops, increasing the combat readiness of the formations and units and strengthening military discipline.
5. The Main Political Directorate and local political agencies should radically change the style of their work. The main task of political and military education is to consider strengthening the unity of command and authority of the commander, establishing a firm statutory order and strengthening military discipline based on high demands on subordinates.
6. When checking the combat and political training of troops, in all cases check the state of military discipline, the assessment of which is taken as the basis when determining the overall assessment of formations and units.
7. To increase the knowledge of all military personnel of the regulations of the Internal Service, Disciplinary, Combat, Garrison and Guard Services. For these purposes:
- in the summer of 1951, according to combat training plans, additionally allocate 27 hours to study the listed regulations, including in training units and subunits;
- in the newly revised programs for combat training of all types of troops, to provide for an increase in the time allocated for studying the specified regulations;
- immediate superiors must check, before August 1, 1951, all officers, sergeants and foremen subordinate to them in their knowledge of the regulations listed above. The results of testing the knowledge of officers should be included in the next certification;
- introduce, in the fall of 1951, the teaching of a course in military administration, as well as the fundamentals of military education, in all military educational institutions.
8. The commanders of military districts, groups, air armies and air defense regions should more widely practice encouraging formations and units that are advanced in military discipline by announcing them in district orders and rewarding their commanders and particularly distinguished officers, sergeants and soldiers.
9. In order to eliminate officer turnover, prohibit the movement of officers without sufficient grounds. Planned movements of officers are carried out once a year: between districts - in the period November-January; within districts - in November and December.
10. Prohibit the movement of privates and sergeants between units, units and formations. Moves related to organizational events and other important reasons should be made only twice a year, after the end of the winter and summer study periods.
The allocation of personnel for work is carried out by units led by officers and non-commissioned officers. Sergeants and soldiers sent to work must be provided with work uniforms.
In units at work, conduct classes on political and drill training and study of regulations, for which two hours should be allocated daily.
11. The Chief of the General Staff of the Soviet Army should develop and by 20.5 this year. submit for approval considerations on reducing the staffing positions of sergeants, on improving the staffing of regimental schools, training units and units with a variable composition, on the creation of schools for sergeants of construction units and proposals on the procedure for training and retraining of foremen.
12. To establish, starting from 1952, the training period for sergeants in regimental schools to be eleven months, in connection with which to revise the training programs for regimental schools.
13. To my Deputy Marshal of the Soviet Union, Comrade. Sokolovsky to develop and publish a textbook for sergeants by January 1, 1952.
14. To the Head of the Main Political Directorate of the Soviet Army by 20.5 this year. submit proposals on the procedure for training political personnel in military schools, as well as on the improvement of political workers in political courses.
At the same time, present revised programs of political training for sergeants and soldiers and plans for political training of officers.
15. The Chief of the General Staff and the Commander of the troops of military districts, groups, air armies and air defense areas to take the necessary measures to ensure improved protection of warehouses, bases and arsenals by local rifle troops and the maintenance of proper military order in garrisons.
16. For the unsatisfactory state of military discipline and combat readiness in the Central Group of Forces, the Commander-in-Chief of the Central Group of Forces, Lieutenant General SVIRIDOV, the Chief of Staff of the group, Lieutenant General SHLEMIN, and the Member of the Military Council of the group, Major General POMORTSEV.
17. Draw the attention of the Commanders of the troops: Leningrad Military District, Colonel General LUCHINSKY, Baltic Military District, Army General BAGRAMYAN,
Odessa Military District Colonel General PUKHOV,
Moscow Military District Colonel General ARTEMYEV,
North Caucasus Military District Colonel General TROFIMENKO,
South Ural Military District Colonel General BELOV,
Transcaucasian Military District, Army General ANTONOV,
54th Air Army Lieutenant General of Aviation SENATOROV,
24th Air Army, Air Marshal VERSHININ,
Leningrad Air Defense District, Lieutenant General SHCHEGLOV,
commander of the 39th Airborne Corps, Major General TAVARTKILADZE, on the low state of military discipline in the troops subordinate to them.
18. The order is communicated to the commanders of troops and members of the Military Councils of military districts, groups of troops, armies, air defense regions, commanders of military branches, heads of main departments of the Military Ministry and heads of political departments and political departments up to and including the army in full.
Oblige the commanders of troops of districts, groups of forces, air defense regions, armies to study this order, with the exception of paragraphs 16 and 17, with the commanders of corps, divisions, brigades, heads of military schools and their deputies and through them bring it to all generals and officers of the Soviet Army in parts that concern them.
19. The Chief of the General Staff of the Soviet Army and the Chief of the Main Political Directorate of the Soviet Army shall establish control over the implementation of this order.
Military Minister of the USSR Marshal of the Soviet Union VASILEVSKY
Chief of the General Staff of the Soviet Army Army General ShTEMENKO
RGANI. F. 2. Op. 1. D. 261. Lll. 27-29 rev.
An order (instruction), the order of its issuance, execution and control.
Military personnel initiative.
About military endurance and behavior of military personnel.
Military greeting.
Unity of command is one of the principles of building the Armed Forces of the Republic of Kazakhstan, their leadership and relationships between military personnel. It consists of vesting the commander (chief) with all rights in relation to his subordinates and imposing on him personal responsibility to the state for all aspects of the life and activities of the military unit, unit and each serviceman.
Unity of command is expressed in the right of the commander (chief), based on a comprehensive assessment of the situation, to make decisions alone, give appropriate orders in strict accordance with the requirements of laws and military regulations and ensure their implementation.
Discussion of an order is unacceptable, and disobedience or other failure to comply with an order is a military crime.
According to their official position and military rank, some military personnel in relation to others can be superiors or subordinates.
Boss has the right to give orders to a subordinate and is obliged to monitor their execution. The boss should be an example of tact and restraint for his subordinate. The boss is responsible for actions that humiliate the human dignity of a subordinate.
Subordinate obliged to unquestioningly carry out the orders of the superior.
According to their official position, superiors are military personnel who supervise subordinates in accordance with their official duties in their regular positions.
The commander is the superior of the military personnel subordinate to him.
The superiors to whom military personnel are subordinate in service, at least temporarily, are direct superiors.
The direct superior closest to the subordinate is called the immediate superior.
According to their military rank, the commanders are the following military personnel, who are not bound by the order of subordination by service:
Marshals of the Republic of Kazakhstan, army generals, admirals - for senior and junior officers, warrant officers, midshipmen, foremen, sergeants, soldiers and sailors;
Generals, admirals, colonels and captains of the 1st rank - for junior officers, warrant officers, midshipmen, foremen, sergeants, soldiers and sailors;
Senior officers in the military ranks of lieutenant colonel, captain 2nd rank, major, captain 3rd rank - for warrant officers, midshipmen, foremen, sergeants, soldiers and sailors;
Junior officers - for petty officers, sergeants, soldiers and sailors;
Ensigns and midshipmen - for foremen, sergeants, soldiers and sailors of the same military unit;
Petty officers and sergeants - for soldiers and sailors of the same military unit.
Military personnel who, by their official position and military rank (Articles 37, 38), are not their superiors or subordinates in relation to other military personnel, may be senior or junior.
Seniority is determined by military ranks of military personnel. Senior military ranks, if juniors violate military discipline, public order, rules of conduct, wearing military uniforms and performing military salutes, must demand that they eliminate these violations. Juniors in rank are obliged to unquestioningly fulfill these demands of their elders.
When military personnel who are not subordinate to each other jointly perform duties, when their service relationships are not determined by the commander (chief), the senior of them by position, and in case of equal positions, the senior by military rank is the commander.
(English: one-man management, unity of command; German: Einzelleitung)
1. Sole control, autocracy.
2. Empowering the commander (chief) with full administrative power in relation to subordinates and imposing on him personal responsibility to the state for all aspects of life and activity (military unit, subdivision and each military personnel).
3. One of the most important principles of production management, which consists in providing managers of various levels of the national economy with such full rights in decision-making as is necessary to fulfill the duties assigned to them, and in establishing the personal responsibility of workers for the work entrusted to them.
4. One of the principles of the construction of the armed forces and other militarized structures (federal security service, foreign intelligence, federal border service and border troops, internal affairs bodies and internal troops, etc.), their leadership and relationships between military personnel.
5. One of the principles of management, which consists in sole responsibility for the process of making and implementing decisions, which requires the complete subordination of workers in the production process to the will of one manager with his personal responsibility for the assigned work.
6. An organizational form of leadership in public administration, in which the management body, division, institution or organization is headed by one official who is authorized to single-handedly adopt legally binding management acts.
7. Management organization in which the head of a firm, company, or organization is empowered to make legally binding decisions for all employees employed in this firm or organization.
8. An approach to management, according to which the manager personally makes the final decision and bears personal responsibility for it.
9. The principle of military development and centralized leadership of the army and navy, which consists in vesting the commander (chief) with full administrative power and rights in relation to subordinates, in assigning him personal responsibility for all aspects of the life and activities of the troops (naval forces).
10. (Principle (of management), meaning) granting the head of any body, institution, or enterprise the powers necessary to perform his functions, as well as establishing his personal responsibility for the results of his work.
11. The principle of management, which means granting the head of an enterprise, institution, or organization a preferential right in making management decisions with the imposition of sole responsibility on the head.
12. A management principle that provides the manager with broad powers necessary for the successful performance of his functions and establishes his personal responsibility for the results of his work.
13. A condition for the correct organization of management, which involves the development and adoption by the manager of a decision without coordination and discussion of it in the team or with individuals.
14. A form of management organization in which the management body of an enterprise, institution or organization is headed by one person who is authorized to make legally binding decisions.
15. A form of management organization in which the head of the management body of an enterprise, institution or organization (firm, company) (its structural unit) has the right to make decisions that are legally binding for all subordinate employees.
Explanations:
Unity of Command is characterized by the following features:
- sole nature of making management decisions;
- personal responsibility of the manager for the implementation of decisions made;
- implementation of consistent and constant monitoring of their implementation;
- primary focus on a fixed system of official rights and responsibilities of subordinates;
- predominantly vertical flows of management information: from the manager to subordinates (managerial), from subordinates to the manager (information-content).
Unity of command presupposes the comprehensive strengthening of discipline, strict adherence to the rule of law in economic relations, increasing the responsibility of each manager for the timely implementation of plans and tasks, for the quality of products, for the careful and reasonable use of production resources.
Unity of command is expressed in the right of the commander (chief), based on a comprehensive assessment of the situation, to individually make decisions, issue appropriate orders and ensure their implementation in strict accordance with the requirements of laws and military regulations.
The subordinate is obliged to unquestioningly follow the orders of his superiors. Discussion of an order is not permitted, and disobedience or other failure to comply with an order resulting in harmful consequences is a crime against military service.
The implementation of Unity of Command requires each leader to have sufficient knowledge that would give him the opportunity to competently make decisions on certain issues. He must know the work of the section he manages, its equipment, technology, organization; be able to organize a team and make each employee an active participant in completing the assigned task; well-versed in issues of economics, law, sociology, psychology. At the same time, the manager relies on a wide range of specialists, on the experience of advanced workers, who help him provide proper leadership.
The official activities of the commander-single commander are implemented in the following legal forms:
- publication of orders and other legal acts;
- appointment of administrative investigations and inquiries;
- bringing subordinates to disciplinary and financial liability;
- approval of the daily routine and regulations of service time for military personnel undergoing military service under a contract, etc.
Unity of command helps to increase the efficiency of management, timely implementation of planned tasks, economical use of available material and labor resources, prompt management decision-making in situations of time shortage, and increases the personal responsibility of managers. In war conditions, Unity of Command is the most efficient and effective method of command and control of troops (forces), ensuring the best use of the capabilities of soldiers, the unity of their actions, and verification of the execution of orders.
Consistent adherence to the principle of Unity of Command is the main way to prevent vertical conflicts.
The activities of ministries, other federal executive bodies, and federal services are built on the basis of Unity of Command.
