Korney Ivanovich Chukovsky was born on March 31, 1882, a Russian poet, literary critic, children's writer and journalist. The passion for children's literature, which made Chukovsky famous, began relatively late, when he was already a famous critic. In 1916, Chukovsky compiled the collection “Yolka” and wrote his first fairy tale “Crocodile”. In 1923, his famous fairy tales “Moidodyr” and “Cockroach” were published.
Today we want to show you photographs of other children's writers, in addition to the well-known Korney Ivanovich.
Charles Perrault
French poet and critic of the classical era, now known mainly as the author of Mother Goose Tales. Charles Perrault was the fourth most published foreign writer in the USSR from 1917 to 1987: the total circulation of his publications amounted to 60.798 million copies.
Berestov Valentin Dmitrievich
Russian poet and lyricist who wrote for adults and children. He is the author of such children's works as “The Braggart Serpent”, “The Coltsfoot”, “The Stork and the Nightingale”, etc.
Marshak Samuil Yakovlevich
Russian Soviet poet, playwright, translator and literary critic. The author of the works “Teremok”, “Cat’s House”, “Doctor Faust”, etc. Almost throughout his literary career, Marshak wrote both poetic feuilletons and serious, “adult” lyrics. In addition, Marshak is the author of classic translations of William Shakespeare's sonnets. Marshak's books have been translated into many languages of the world, and for his translations of Robert Burns, Marshak was awarded the title of honorary citizen of Scotland.
Mikhalkov Sergey Vladimirovich
In addition to his career as a fabulist and war correspondent, Sergei Vladimirovich is also the author of the texts of the anthems of the Soviet Union and the Russian Federation. Among his famous children's works are “Uncle Styopa”, “The Nightingale and the Crow”, “What Do You Have”, “The Hare and the Tortoise”, etc.
Hans Christian Andersen
Author of world-famous fairy tales for children and adults: “The Ugly Duckling”, “The King’s New Clothes”, “Thumbelina”, “The Steadfast Tin Soldier”, “The Princess and the Pea”, “Ole Lukoye”, “The Snow Queen” and many others.
Agniya Barto
Volova's first husband was the poet Pavel Barto. Together with him, she wrote three poems - “Roaring Girl”, “Dirty Girl” and “Counting Table”. During the Great Patriotic War, the Barto family was evacuated to Sverdlovsk. There Agnia had to master the profession of a turner. She donated the prize she received during the war to build a tank. In 1944, the family returned to Moscow.
Nosov Nikolay Nikolaevich
Winner of the Stalin Prize of the third degree in 1952, Nikolai Nosov is best known as a children's writer. Here is the author of works about Dunno.
Moshkovskaya Emma Efraimovna
At the beginning of her creative career, Emma received approval from Samuil Marshak himself. In 1962, she published her first collection of poems for children, Uncle Shar, which was followed by more than 20 collections of poems and fairy tales for preschool and primary school age. It is also worth noting that many Soviet composers wrote songs based on Moshkovskaya’s poems.
Lunin Viktor Vladimirovich
Viktor Lunin began composing poems and fairy tales while still in school, but began the path of a professional writer much later. The first publications of poetry in periodicals appeared in the early 70s ( the writer himself was born in 1945). Viktor Vladimirovich has published more than thirty books of poetry and prose. His poetic “Az-bu-ka” for children became the standard for the transmission of letter sounds, and his book “Children’s Album” was awarded a diploma at the 3rd All-Russian children’s book competition “Father’s House” in 1996. In the same year, for “Children's Album,” Viktor Lunin was awarded the title of laureate of the literary prize of the Murzilka magazine. In 1997, his fairy tale “The Adventures of Butter Liza” was awarded as the best fairy tale about cats by the library of foreign literature.
Oseeva Valentina Aleksandrovna
In 1937, Valentina Alexandrovna took her first story “Grishka” to the editor, and in 1940 her first book “Red Cat” was published. Then collections of stories for children “Grandma”, “The Magic Word”, “Father’s Jacket”, “My Comrade”, a book of poems “Ezhinka”, the story “Vasyok Trubachev and his comrades”, “Dinka” and “Dinka says goodbye to childhood” were written ", having autobiographical roots.
Brothers Grimm
The Brothers Grimm published several collections called Grimm's Fairy Tales, which became very popular. Among their fairy tales: “Snow White”, “The Wolf and the Seven Little Goats”, “The Bremen Town Musicians”, “Hansel and Gretel”, “Little Red Riding Hood” and many others.
Fyodor Ivanovich Tyutchev
Contemporaries noted his brilliant mind, humor, and talent as a conversationalist. His epigrams, witticisms and aphorisms were heard by everyone. Tyutchev’s fame was confirmed by many - Turgenev, Fet, Druzhinin, Aksakov, Grigoriev and others. Leo Tolstoy called Tyutchev “one of those unfortunate people who are immeasurably higher than the crowd among whom they live, and therefore are always alone.”
Alexey Nikolaevich Pleshcheev
In 1846, the very first collection of poems made Pleshcheev famous among revolutionary youth. Three years later he was arrested and sent into exile, where he spent almost ten years in military service. Upon returning from exile, Pleshcheev continued his literary activity; Having gone through years of poverty and hardship, he became an authoritative writer, critic, publisher, and at the end of his life, a philanthropist. Many of the poet’s works (especially poems for children) have become textbooks and are considered classics. More than a hundred romances were written by the most famous Russian composers based on Pleshcheev’s poems.
Eduard Nikolaevich Uspensky
There is no need to introduce this person. This will be done by the characters of his works, including Crocodile Gena and Cheburashka, the cat Matroskin, Uncle Fyodor, postman Pechkin and others.
Nikolai Ge, Portrait of Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky, 1884
As you know, Moscow museums are closed on Mondays. But this does not mean that there is no opportunity to get acquainted with the beautiful: especially for Mondays, the site launched a new section “10 Unknowns”, in which we decided to write about ten works of world art from the collection of Moscow museums, united by one theme. Now you can print out our guide and feel free to take it to the museum as early as Tuesday. On November 25, the book fair of intellectual literature Non/fiction opens. Therefore, today in our selection are portraits of Russian writers, poets and publicists from the collection of the Tretyakov Gallery.
Vladimir Borovikovsky, Portrait of the poet Gabriel Romanovich Derzhavin, 1795
Vladimir Borovikovsky, Portrait of the poet Gabriel Romanovich Derzhvain, 1795
Gabriel Romanovich Derzhavin was the largest Russian poet of the “pre-Pushkin” era. In Borovikovsky’s portrait he is depicted not only as a poet, but as a statesman, wearing a uniform and with the Order of St. Vladimir, II degree, on a red ribbon in his office, surrounded by books and business papers. Under Empress Catherine II, Derzhavin was the governor - first of the Olonets, then of the Tambov province, as well as the first Minister of Justice of the Russian Empire. As a writer, he continued the line of Russian classicism begun by M. Lomonosov and A. Sumarokov, and the main form of his work were philosophical odes and short lyrical poems.
Vasily Tropinin, Portrait of Nikolai Mikhailovich Karamzin, 1818
Everyone knows Nikolai Mikhailovich Karamzin as the founder of Russian sentimentalism, the author of “Poor Liza” and the compiler of the monumental work “History of the Russian State.” In addition, he was the editor of the largest literary publications of his time - “Moscow Journal” and “Bulletin of Europe”, which in 1814 published the first poem by A. S. Pushkin “To a Poet Friend”. Karamzin's salary as editor-in-chief of Vestnik Evropy, which was published in a circulation of up to 1,200 copies, was 3,000 rubles a year, which in our money would be approximately 30,000,000 rubles. He was a close friend of the Pushkin family, and after the publication of “History...” of Emperor Alexander I, who settled him in Tsarskoe Selo.
Orest Kiprensky, Portrait of Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin, 1827
Apparently, Kiprensky painted the portrait of Pushkin at the request of the poet’s close friend Anton Delvig. On the canvas, Pushkin is represented from the waist up; a checkered Scottish blanket is draped over the poet’s right shoulder, which signifies Pushkin’s connection with Byron, the idol of all poets of the Romantic era. It was about this portrait that Pushkin wrote the famous lines that became a catchphrase: “I see myself as in a mirror, but this mirror flatters me.” At the same time, it is believed that another artist of the era of romanticism, Karl Bryullov, criticized Kiprensky for this portrait, believing that he portrayed the poet as some kind of dandy and dandy, and Sigismund Librovich, the author of a study devoted to images of Pushkin, noted that those who knew Pushkin considered this the portrait does not sufficiently convey the characteristic features of the “African breed”, inherited by the poet from his great-grandfather Hannibal, and of which he was proud
Karl Bryullov, Portrait of Nestor Vasilyevich Kukolnik, 1836
The portrait of Nestor the Kukolnik by Karl Bryullov became more famous than the poet himself and his work, and to this day is revered as one of the examples of the era of Russian romanticism. In the history of Russian culture, the Puppeteer is not portrayed in a positive way. His literary activity caused repeated condemnation from the best people of Russia. Nor did his appearance provide material for poeticizing the image. “The Puppeteer’s appearance,” recalled Nekrasov’s wife, Avdotya Panaeva, “was remarkably awkward. He was very tall, with narrow shoulders and held his head bent; his face was long, narrow, with large irregular features; his eyes were small with frowning eyebrows; The ears were huge, all the more conspicuous because the head was too small for his height.” Bryullov’s caustic caricatures indicate that he was well acquainted with the appearance of the Puppeteer, while in a picturesque portrait he portrays him as a romantic hero with tousled hair and a mysterious look.
Pyotr Zabolotsky, Portrait of Mikhail Yuryevich Lermontov, 1837
The portrait of Mikhail Yuryevich Leromontov was made with oil paints on cardboard. The poet is depicted here in the mentik of the Life Guards Hussar Regiment. Zabolotsky at one time was known for giving painting lessons to everyone; among his students was the young poet himself. This is a unique image of Lermontov, because almost none of his contemporaries painted his portrait. For example, Karl Bryullov, carried away by the teachings of Lavater, according to whose theory, a person’s inner world influences his external appearance, did not see anything brilliant in Lermontov’s face and did not begin to draw him.
Vasily Perov, Portrait of Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky, 1872
Perov painted a portrait of Dostoevsky specifically at the request of Pavel Tretyakov. The writer’s wife Anna Dostoevskaya recalled: “Before starting work, Perov visited us every day for a week; he caught Fyodor Mikhailovich in a variety of moods, talked, challenged him to argue, and was able to notice the most characteristic expression in his husband’s face, precisely the one that Fyodor Mikhailovich had when I was immersed in artistic thoughts." Many contemporaries considered this portrait not only the best in Perov’s work, but also the best psychological portrait of the Russian school.
Ilya Repin, Portrait of Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev, 1874
Repin painted the first portrait of Turgenev in Paris in 1874, also commissioned by Pavel Tretyakov. Neither the artist nor the writer liked this work. Repin spoke about the reasons for this “involuntary” mistake, for which, according to the artist, Turgenev himself was guilty, shortly before his death. “The first session was so successful,” said Repin, “that I.S. celebrated my success.” But before the second session, Repin received a note from Turgenev, in which he sharply changed his initial opinion about the portrait he had begun and asked the artist to start again on another canvas. This instant change of opinion, as Repin claimed, was due to the fact that Pauline Viardot, the famous French singer, a friend of Turgenev, whose taste and opinion were the highest authority for Ivan Sergeevich, rejected the portrait he had begun. Repin failed to convince the writer of the opposite and had to turn the canvas upside down and start all over again, but he no longer felt any enthusiasm for this.
Ivan Kramskoy, Portrait of the poet Nikolai Alekseevich Nekrasov, 1877
The artist’s graphic style, which distinguishes this work from the entire portrait series, is associated with the practice of I.N. Kramskoy working as a retoucher for a photographer and with the fact that to create the portrait he used a photograph of William Carrick, one of the last lifetime photographs of the poet. This is due to the fact that N.A. Nekrasov was already seriously ill at that time, and the sessions lasted no more than 10–15 minutes. In addition to this half-length portrait, Kramskoy also painted a large painting of “N.A. Nekrasov during the period of the Last Songs,” exactly copying the composition from a photograph of Carrick, which captured the poet on his deathbed.
Nikolai Ge, Portrait of Leo Nikolaevich Tolstoy, 1884
Ge was one of the few whom Lev Nikolaevich allowed to capture himself at work. They were very friendly, and it is known for certain that it was under the influence of fat Ge that he became a vegetarian. Tolstoy wrote that Ge “went among the people” to build stoves and at the same time ate practically nothing for days. “At this time he became a vegetarian (previously he ate almost exclusively beef) and even intensely wanted to eat what he did not like: for example, he loved buckwheat porridge, and therefore ate millet, all with vegetable oil, or without oil at all.” . In 1886, Nikolai Ge renounced his property and transferred it to his wife Anna Petrovna Ge and children.
Valentin Serov, Portrait of the writer Nikolai Semenovich Leskov, 1894
The portrait of Nikolai Leskov was painted a year before the writer’s death. Nikolai Leskov himself, having seen the portrait at an exhibition at the Academy of Arts, was not very pleased with the portrait: he was unpleasantly struck by the dark frame, which, in his opinion, looked like “the mourning border of an obituary,” while many artists, writers and friends of Leskov highly appreciated Serov's work.
Nowadays, there are no difficulties in capturing the image of a person at any moment of his life, but 200 years ago, portraits for family chronicles were painted by artists - sometimes famous, and sometimes serfs. From these portraits, which have survived to this day, we can now judge the appearance of certain famous people. And their children's portraits are especially interesting.
A.S. Pushkin (1799-1837)
The Alexander Pushkin State Museum houses the first portrait of little Sasha at about three and a half years old, made on an oval metal plate by an amateur artist, Major General Xavier de Maistre.
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Since childhood, little Sasha had an ugly appearance, which constantly caused ridicule from those around him, but he had a sharp tongue and could make sarcastic jokes. Once, the writer Ivan Dmitriev was visiting the Pushkins’ house, and when he saw little Alexander, he exclaimed in amazement: “What a blackamoor!” The ten-year-old boy, quickly reacting, retorted: “But not a hazel grouse!” The parents and other guests were dumbfounded with embarrassment: the writer’s face was indeed all pockmarked from suffering from smallpox.
M.Yu. Lermontov (1814-1841)
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At the age of three, left without a mother, little Misha was raised by his grandmother - a powerful and strict woman, but who idolized her grandson. Children of serfs gathered especially for him, who were something like an amusing regiment for Mikhail. He was the leader of these kids and always came up with new interesting ideas and pranks.
From childhood, the boy grew up kind and compassionate, seeing the poverty and hopelessness of the courtyard people, Misha often turned to his grandmother to help them and, not wanting to upset her beloved grandson, she had to agree.
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A self-portrait of Lermontov, painted by him in his youth, has been preserved, quite skillfully executed.
F.I. Tyutchev (1803-1873)
The Muranovo estate museum houses the first portrait image, written for a family chronicle by an unknown author, of little Fedya Tyutchev, who was the favorite of his parents and was spoiled by them in every possible way.
The poet Semyon Raich provided Fedor with a comprehensive education before school. He introduced the boy to ancient literature, and was also a mentor when he began to write his first poems. And at the age of twelve, Tyutchev could already translate Horace fluently, studied Latin, and was interested in the poetry of Ancient Rome.
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I.S. Turgenev (1818-1883)
Vanya Turgenev’s childhood was not sweet. And all because of the despotism of the writer’s mother Varvara Petrovna, a rich landowner who, having a passionate love for France, hated everything Russian. Everyone in their family spoke French, the books were also all in French, even German authors were translated.
And this immediately begs the question: how could a boy, having been brought up outside of Russian culture, become a great writer of Russia in the future? A love for his native language and literature was instilled in him by a serf valet, who secretly gave him books by Russian writers. Later, Turgenev will write the story “Punin and Baburin”, where he will portray his teacher as the prototype of one of the heroes.
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Born into a rich and famous family, Alexey had all the prerequisites to become a pampered and spoiled child. But his perseverance and hard work could be the envy of any adult.
You can learn about how children were raised and punished 200 years ago in schools and families of the greats of this world and commoners
Russian writers and poets, whose works are considered classics, are today world famous. The works of these authors are read not only in their homeland - Russia, but throughout the world.
Great Russian writers and poets
A well-known fact that has been proven by historians and literary scholars: the best works of Russian classics were written during the Golden and Silver Ages.
The names of Russian writers and poets who are among the world classics are known to everyone. Their work will forever remain in world history as an important element.
The work of Russian poets and writers of the “Golden Age” is the dawn in Russian literature. Many poets and prose writers developed new directions, which subsequently began to be increasingly used in the future. Russian writers and poets, the list of which can be called endless, wrote about nature and love, about the bright and unshakable, about freedom and choice. The literature of the Golden Age, as well as later of the Silver Age, reflects the attitude not only of writers to historical events, but also of the entire people as a whole.
And today, looking through the thickness of centuries at the portraits of Russian writers and poets, every progressive reader understands how bright and prophetic their works, written more than a dozen years ago, were.
Literature is divided into many topics that formed the basis of the works. Russian writers and poets spoke about war, about love, about peace, opening up completely to each reader.
"Golden Age" in literature
The "Golden Age" in Russian literature begins in the nineteenth century. The main representative of this period in literature, and specifically in poetry, was Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin, thanks to whom not only Russian literature, but also the entire Russian culture as a whole acquired its special charm. Pushkin's work contains not only poetic works, but prosaic stories.
Poetry of the “Golden Age”: Vasily Zhukovsky
This time was started by Vasily Zhukovsky, who became Pushkin’s teacher. Zhukovsky opened such a direction as romanticism for Russian literature. Developing this direction, Zhukovsky wrote odes that became widely known for their romantic images, metaphors and personifications, the ease of which was not found in the trends used in Russian literature of past years.
Mikhail Lermontov
Another great writer and poet for the “Golden Age” of Russian literature was Mikhail Yuryevich Lermontov. His prose work “Hero of Our Time” gained enormous popularity in its time, because it described Russian society as it was in the period of time that Mikhail Yuryevich writes about. But all readers fell in love with Lermontov’s poems even more: sad and mournful lines, gloomy and sometimes creepy images - the poet managed to write all this so sensitively that every reader to this day is able to feel what worried Mikhail Yuryevich.
Prose of the "Golden Age"
Russian writers and poets have always been distinguished not only by their extraordinary poetry, but also by their prose.
Lev Tolstoy
One of the most significant writers of the Golden Age was Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy. His great epic novel “War and Peace” became known throughout the world and is included not only in the lists of Russian classics, but also in the world. Describing the life of Russian secular society during the Patriotic War of 1812, Tolstoy was able to show all the subtleties and features of the behavior of St. Petersburg society, which for a long time since the beginning of the war did not seem to participate in the all-Russian tragedy and struggle.
Another novel by Tolstoy, which is still read both abroad and in the writer’s homeland, was the work “Anna Karenina”. The story of a woman who loved a man with all her heart and went through unprecedented difficulties for the sake of love, and soon suffered betrayal, was loved by the whole world. A touching story about love that can sometimes drive you crazy. The sad ending became a unique feature for the novel - it was one of the first works in which the lyrical hero not only dies, but deliberately interrupts his life.
Fedor Dostoevsky
In addition to Leo Tolstoy, Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky also became a significant writer. His book “Crime and Punishment” became not just the “Bible” of a highly moral person with a conscience, but also a kind of “teacher” for someone who has to make a difficult choice, having foreseen all the outcomes of events in advance. The lyrical hero of the work not only made the wrong decision that ruined him, he took upon himself a lot of torment that gave him no rest day or night.
Dostoevsky’s work also contains the work “Humiliated and Insulted,” which accurately reflects the entire essence of human nature. Despite the fact that a lot of time has passed since it was written, the problems of humanity that Fyodor Mikhailovich described are still relevant today. The main character, seeing all the insignificance of the human “little soul”, begins to feel disgust for people, for everything that people of the rich strata are proud of, which are of great importance to society.
Ivan Turgenev
Another great writer of Russian literature was Ivan Turgenev. He wrote not only about love, but also touched upon the most important problems of the world around him. His novel Fathers and Sons clearly describes the relationship between children and parents, which remains exactly the same today. Misunderstanding between the older and younger generations is an eternal problem in family relationships.
Russian writers and poets: The Silver Age of Literature
The beginning of the twentieth century is considered to be the Silver Age in Russian literature. It is the poets and writers of the Silver Age who gain special love from readers. Perhaps this phenomenon is caused by the fact that the writers’ lifetime is closer to our time, while Russian writers and poets of the “Golden Age” wrote their works, living according to completely different moral and spiritual principles.
Poetry of the Silver Age
The bright personalities who highlight this literary period are, undoubtedly, the poets. Many directions and movements of poetry have emerged, which were created as a result of the division of opinions regarding the actions of the Russian government.
Alexander Blok
The gloomy and sad work of Alexander Blok was the first to appear at this stage of literature. All of Blok’s poems are permeated with longing for something extraordinary, something bright and light. The most famous poem “Night. Street. Flashlight. Pharmacy” perfectly describes Blok’s worldview.
Sergey Yesenin
One of the most prominent figures of the Silver Age was Sergei Yesenin. Poems about nature, love, the transience of time, one’s “sins” - all this can be found in the poet’s work. Today there is not a single person who would not find Yesenin’s poem capable of liking and describing their state of mind.
Vladimir Mayakovsky
If we talk about Yesenin, then I would immediately like to mention Vladimir Mayakovsky. Harsh, loud, self-confident - that’s exactly what the poet was like. The words that came from the pen of Mayakovsky still amaze with their power - Vladimir Vladimirovich perceived everything so emotionally. In addition to harshness, in the works of Mayakovsky, whose personal life was not going well, there are also love lyrics. The story of the poet and Lily Brik is known throughout the world. It was Brik who discovered all that was most tender and sensual in him, and in return Mayakovsky seemed to idealize and deify her in his love lyrics.
Marina Tsvetaeva
The personality of Marina Tsvetaeva is also known throughout the world. The poetess herself had unique character traits, which is immediately evident from her poems. Perceiving herself as a deity, even in her love lyrics she made it clear to everyone that she was not one of those women who were capable of being offended. However, in her poem “So many of them have fallen into this abyss,” she showed how unhappy she was for many, many years.
Prose of the Silver Age: Leonid Andreev
Leonid Andreev, who became the author of the story “Judas Iscariot,” made a great contribution to fiction. In his work, he presented the biblical story of the betrayal of Jesus a little differently, presenting Judas not just as a traitor, but as a man suffering from his envy of people who were loved by everyone. Lonely and strange Judas, who found delight in his tales and tales, always received only ridicule in the face. The story tells about how easy it is to break a person’s spirit and push him to any meanness if he has neither support nor loved ones.
Maksim Gorky
The contribution of Maxim Gorky is also important for the literary prose of the Silver Age. The writer in each of his works hid a certain essence, having understood which, the reader realizes the full depth of what worried the writer. One of these works was the short story “Old Woman Izergil”, which is divided into three small parts. Three components, three life problems, three types of loneliness - the writer carefully veiled all this. A proud eagle thrown into the abyss of loneliness; noble Danko, who gave his heart to selfish people; an old woman who had been looking for happiness and love all her life, but never found it - all this can be found in a small, but extremely vital story.
Another important work in Gorky’s work was the play “At the Lower Depths”. The life of people who are below the poverty line is what became the basis of the play. The descriptions that Maxim Gorky gave in his work show how much even very poor people, who in principle no longer need anything, just want to be happy. But the happiness of each of the heroes turns out to be in different things. Each of the characters in the play has their own values. In addition, Maxim Gorky wrote about the “three truths” of life that can be applied in modern life. White lies; no pity for the person; the truth that a person needs is three views on life, three opinions. The conflict, which remains unresolved, leaves each character, as well as each reader, to make their own choice.
