Features of creativity F.I. Tyutcheva
Tyutchev's lyrics belong to the philosophical direction. At that time, this direction was very developed in Russian poetry. Many poets wrote philosophical poems, setting out their worldview on paper and tying this or that text to a specific event, revealing the images of lyrical heroes as qualitatively as possible. Fyodor Ivanovich is unlike his contemporaries in this respect.
The works created by the author personified the human essence, which had inexhaustible questions in the face of the whole world; there were comparisons with natural nature and its characteristics. The lyrics created by Tyutchev can be safely attributed to the lyrics of nature, and not a description of the features of natural landscapes and images. Each described situation or topic takes the reader not to a specific lyrical picture, but shows the whole world, which has its own exceptional characteristics.
Fyodor Ivanovich always had a special humility, which only intensified under the influence of life experience. This is what personified his aesthetic development and understanding of things happening in the world. Such features increasingly convinced the author that without a certain belief in something, a person would not be able to exist in the real world. The poet was fully aware of how imperfect, contradictory and weak, and sometimes even destructive the manifestation of one’s own “I” is in every human personality. He openly stated that every person has his own self-aggrandizement.
The works of Fyodor Ivanovich Tyutchev had a civil-philosophical direction. The views revealed in the works were reminiscent of the thoughts of the Slavophiles and the spiritual desire to comprehend the truth. It should be noted that no one helped the author in overcoming life's problems; he had to cope with everything on his own - alone. The poet needed to do a certain feat for himself, and he did it, accomplished everything with the highest possible quality.
Tyutchev was alienated from Russia even at a very young age. He was sent to work in Germany, namely the city of Munich, upon reaching the age of eighteen. Here he was left only to himself and solved all the problems that arose from time to time on his own. Fedor himself experienced a process of internal development that lasted from his youth to adulthood. The author returned to his homeland only when he was in his fifties. Life abroad lasted more than 22 years and had a huge impact on the formation of his personality.
The author never lost touch with Russia, believed in its better future, and was convinced that the supreme historical calling would help cope with many problems. The homeland possessed the poet with special power, tenacity, and undivided power. Fyodor Ivanovich did not hide his views and did not change them. On the contrary, the views held by the poet gave him special strength and power.
Russia is the highest interest in the life path of Fyodor Ivanovich Tyutchev.
Analysis of the work “These poor villages...”
The poet created a large number of works. Some described the features of nature combined with human life, others talked about love. There were also poems telling about the features of the author’s homeland. A striking example is the masterpiece called “These poor villages...”. This creation is a kind of revelation of the author, who possessed certain prophetic traits.
Fyodor Ivanovich Tyutchev had compassion for his people, and in this he was not alone. Many contemporaries of that era also wrote in this direction, partially condemning the Russian people and trying to direct him to the true path. The author expressed his thoughts piously; they were filled with a special and careful loving attitude towards his homeland. He tried to reveal the features of all of Russia, giving the reader the opportunity to look into its most remote corners.
It should be noted that in the work “These poor villages...” a special opposition is observed, where both pride and exceptional humility are present. Often such features can only be understood at a religious level. Pride is a definite source of all evil in the world; it leads to irreparable consequences. In this case, the basis for salvation is precisely humility, which is impossible to do without, humility with the entire environment and life’s problems. If you look at these two concepts from a Christian point of view, then pride can simply cloud one’s vision, and humility will open a person’s true vision and allow him to take a sober look at the current situation.
The main idea of the masterpiece
The lines of the Poem “These poor villages...” trace the most concentrated concept of wisdom. The author shows that it is precisely behind scarcity that humility itself is hidden, which can illuminate submission to the will of God, as well as show patience.
The author does not give direct statements, but gradually leads the reader to an idea that reveals the concept of Holy Rus'. The poem has religious overtones and a special sound with philosophical notes. Many contemporaries of that era noted that Fyodor Ivanovich Tyutchev’s work “These poor villages...” is the most powerful, has the most fully revealed lyrical sensations, and there is no equal to this creation and there will never be one. There were also opponents to such a statement. They argued that it is not worth comparing the landscape of Russian nature with the deprivation and scarcity of the Russian land. Such aesthetic standards, according to some critics, indicated that the author was uneasy in his soul at the time of writing.
The poem “These poor villages...” amazes the reader with its exceptional contrast. The ugliness of both the external and internal greatness of a person’s spiritual state is described here as clearly as possible. The lines trace the fact that when writing the work, the author had a feeling of melancholy. Tyutchev constantly saw the scarcity and poverty of the Russian people, which is why he tried to transfer these sensations to nature. Melancholy sadness most accurately conveys the impression of abandonment and constant loneliness. These special sensations are evoked by abandoned huts and overgrown paths that are lost in the fields and have not been used by anyone for a long time. Despite all the sadness, it is these features that make it possible to accurately reveal the long-term humility and patience present in the Russian person.
Fyodor Ivanovich Tyutchev created truly exquisite creations that can evoke in a person and help him realize his most cherished thoughts about his homeland. The reader understands his high calling, as well as the responsibilities of faithful service. It is precisely such masterpieces that firmly enter the awareness of the culture of the entire people.
Currently, many contemporary poets, as well as writers, quote lines from the masterpiece “These poor villages..”; they are used by historical figures, priests, and politicians. The work seems to represent a litmus test that highlights the peculiarities of the mental state of the Russian people as qualitatively as possible. The lines are aimed at creating worthy spiritual aspiration, as well as supporting religious quests. The main idea of the work is to convey to a person the knowledge of his life path. Spirituality is the main asset of Russia.
These poor villages
This meager nature
The native land of long-suffering,
You are the edge of the Russian people!
He won't understand or notice
Proud look of a foreigner,
What shines through and secretly shines
In your humble nakedness.
Dejected by the burden of the godmother,
All of you, dear land,
In slave form the king of heaven
He came out blessing.
Analysis of the poem “These Poor Villages” by Tyutchev
Fyodor Ivanovich Tyutchev is a famous Russian writer and lyricist, deservedly recognized as a classic. His poetry is distinguished by the unity of themes and images, and some call his poems “fragments”, as if they are parts of one large whole - all of Tyutchev’s poetry.
The poem “These Poor Villages” refers to political lyrics. It was written on August 13, 1855 and reflects the poet’s view of the state of the country. At the time of writing the work, serfdom in Russia had not yet been abolished, which affected the work. Tyutchev speaks in a veiled form about the humble tolerance of the Russian people and their inability to resist the authorities. The Russian people are poor and unfree, and the country is exhausted.
Despite the political theme of the poem, Tyutchev uses Christian motifs and the image of Christ, calling him “the king of heaven.” He says by this that Russia has its own unique path, and the Russian people are illuminated by a “secret” light, which represents a deep religious feeling, faith, patriarchy, which is characteristic of the Russian people. One of Tyutchev’s main thoughts in this work is that Russian people, meek and humble by nature, are saved by their patience, their hope and faith in the light.
The poem is written in trochee tetrameter, and the rhyme here is cross and mostly feminine. The entire work is based on allegories (“the king of heaven in a slave form”). Metaphors, epithets (“the edge of long-suffering”, “humble nakedness”, “foreign gaze”) and periphrases (“burden of the cross”, “king of heaven”) are used as expressive means, and the contrast between “native” and “foreign” is clearly visible. .
From the first lines, the poet calls to see the reality around people. Villages in the eyes of the lyrical hero, who reflects the view of Tyutchev himself, are “poor,” nature is “scarce.” However, the exclamation “You are the land of the Russian people!” clearly makes it clear that the hero loves his country and his people and even admires them. In the second stanza, the author veiledly compares the “humble nakedness” of our country with the “proud gaze of a foreigner.”
Fyodor Tyutchev’s lyrical work “These Poor Villages” reveals the poet from an unexpected side. Here we see the classic not as a researcher of the inner world of man, the world of feelings, but as a humanist artist who studies and draws various aspects of human life, and this poem clearly reflects the oppressive feeling of injustice.
Fyodor Ivanovich Tyutchev (1803-1873) is a famous Russian poet who came from a poor noble family. From his youth he lived abroad, where he went as part of a diplomatic mission. Tyutchev lived in Europe for many years, only occasionally visiting Russia. The poet perceived each visit to his homeland as a holiday. He loved Russia very much. Realizing that the European countries, Germany and France, were higher than Russia in terms of culture, he still believed that Russia was famous for its people. After all, the Russian people have traits that are characteristic of them like no other people: responsiveness, kindness, a broad soul, patience, humility, philanthropy and determination.
An analysis of Tyutchev’s “These Poor Villages” shows the dignity with which the peasants bore their cross. This delighted the poet. Not even the most eminent European aristocrat has this quality.
Spirituality is the strength of the Russian people
Upon returning to his homeland, the poet writes a poem in which he explains to the reader how poor, hungry Russia is closer and better for him, compared to well-fed and spoiled Europe. At the same time, Tyutchev does not try to smooth over Russia’s problems, noting that it is very far from perfect. Serfdom, a huge gap between social strata of the population, hunger, devastation, poverty. But this does not matter to him, since he calls it a great power. Spirituality is something that Russia is strong and can be proud of. According to Tyutchev, Russia was chosen by God and blessed.
In the poem, the poet talks about the greatness of Russia, despite the poverty of the people and the slave labor of the people.
The poet's patriotism
Tyutchev’s poem “These poor villages...” was written during a trip from Moscow to the family estate of Ovstug. This poem is a synthesis of narrative and descriptive lyrics. In it, the poet tells the reader about his thoughts, feelings and impressions of what he saw around him. In his lines one can hear a call to discern the surrounding reality. In the poem, Tyutchev shows in a generalized form the image of Russian life and everyday life, depicts a poetic picture of the life of the people. An analysis of Tyutchev’s “These Poor Villages” demonstrates that the poet sympathizes with people who live in poor villages. He hopes that the Almighty will not abandon the blessed land and the people living on it. He admires the moral qualities of the Russian people.
Social issues of the poem
In the verse “These poor villages...” social issues come to the fore instead of the usual philosophical motives. Tyutchev compared the comfortable and well-fed life of Europeans and the poverty of the Russian people, fully understanding that the reason for this was the main problem of Russia - serfdom. Contrasting “us” and “alien”.
“These poor villages, this meager nature” - the poverty, deterioration and mismanagement that the poet saw around him are completely incompatible with the spirituality of the people. Repeating the lines of the poem only intensifies the feeling of hopelessness. Having read the analysis of Tyutchev’s “These Poor Villages”, you will find out that the poet is saying that arrogant Europeans do not know what wealth and beauty of the Russian soul, what spirituality is hidden behind the slavish poverty and disorder of everyday life. To an outsider, Russia appears to be a wretched, backward and savage country in which the people humbly accept oppression and a difficult fate. However, the poet knows that the Russian people can cope with any difficulties in life.
Light in Tyutchev's poetry
An analysis of Tyutchev’s “These Poor Villages” shows that the symbol in F. Tyutchev’s poetry becomes light, which the author associates with spiritual beauty - the highest earthly value. Light is a deep religiosity, patriarchy, faith, which is characteristic of the Russian people.
The beauty of the poet’s native land is dim. But she is dearly loved by the poet. Tyutchev is deeply patriotic and admires the Russian people. Throughout the poem, he often uses the words “Russia” and “Rus” with reverence.
In Tyutchev’s poem “These poor villages...” you can see three directions. The first is the image of a suffering Russia, which was swallowed up by poverty and slavery. The second is the contrast between the native country and European countries. A foreigner who does not know Russian reality is unable to understand the Russian people. And finally, the third is religious symbolism through the image of the King of Heaven, who witnesses the people's suffering and patience, and in whom the oppressed and disadvantaged Russian people can only rely.
1855, the year Tyutchev wrote the poem “These poor villages...”, was the time for Russia when Alexander II came to power. The change of king was always accompanied by increased hope for improvements in public and state life. The difficult reign of Nicholas I, who hated and suppressed freedom in every possible way, ended. At the same time, questions began to arise in the souls of the Russian people again, which under the previous tsar could have led to the gallows or to Siberia: questions about freedom and equality.
The analyzed poem belongs to the so-called political lyrics of Tyutchev. The poet was in government service for a long time, therefore, when speaking on any political topic, he had to be especially careful. After all, apostasy, which is exactly how freethinking was viewed, was punished very severely.
The main theme of the poem is the enslavement of the Russian people. Here we are talking about serfdom. It should be noted that Tyutchev worked for a long time as ambassador to Europe, where slavery and any semblance of serfdom disappeared many centuries ago. Therefore, seeing the violation of human laws in his native country, the poet could not remain indifferent.
The technique on which the entire poem is based is allegory. Using “Aesopian language,” Tyutchev reveals his view of the fate of Russia and its people.
In the very first stanza we come face to face with the Russian village, as the poet sees it:
These poor villages
This meager nature -
The native land of long-suffering,
You are the edge of the Russian people!
The main theme is immediately introduced: it talks about widespread poverty and long-suffering of the ordinary Russian people. But the lyrical hero of the poem does not at all hate his native side for this humiliated state. On the contrary, he loves her with all his heart, and that is why his pain at the sight of Russia’s suffering becomes unbearable.
The hero sees something sacred and majestic in the fate of the Russian people. The humility of people before their slave fate seems Christian to him. Pride, which is not characteristic of the Russian person, is the lot of other peoples:
He won't understand or notice
Proud look of a foreigner,
What shines through and secretly shines
In your humble nakedness.
In general, the Christian motif sounds quite clearly in the work. Everyone knows well that Jesus did not belong to the highest social strata, but was a simple carpenter, a poor man. Having proclaimed equality between people, the son of God had no idea that in some countries slavery, the most terrible form of humiliation of people, would last as long as eighteen and a half centuries after the crucifixion.
In Tyutchev, the image of Christ and the image of the Russian peasant come closer to their almost complete merger. This allows the poet to compare the suffering of the Russian serf with the cross that Jesus carried to Calvary. And also to assume that the “king of heaven” could appear on earth in the form of a slave, a serf:
Dejected by the burden of the godmother,
All of you, dear land,
In slave form the king of heaven
He came out blessing.
The last line sounds quite seditious for those times: the Russian land is blessed by its serfs. They are true, heavenly kings, and not transitory, earthly ones.
This poem is written in trochaic tetrameter. Cross rhyme, predominantly female.
The work uses artistic means inherent in the “Aesopian language”: allegories (“the king of heaven in a slave form”), periphrases (“the king of heaven”, “burden of the cross”), metaphors and epithets (“the edge of long-suffering”, “foreign gaze”, "humble nakedness")
Thus, this poem reveals the poet Tyutchev as an artist-humanist. Not only the world of feelings was important to him. He analyzed and expressed his views on various aspects of human life in his creativity. In the work “These Poor Villages...” Tyutchev expressed an oppressive feeling of injustice. The poet does not call for violent methods. Far from it, violence to overthrow tyranny for him was tantamount to the violence of tyranny. Therefore, the Russian people, according to Tyutchev, are Christian martyrs. And what helps a people survive, just like a martyr, is faith and patience. And the Russian people don’t care about them!
Written in 1855, the poem is an expression of the poet's view of the state of Russia. This work is political lyrics.
Tyutchev was interested in politics throughout his life, but there was no freedom of speech as such at that time, and therefore he was forced to formalize his thoughts in veiled lines of poetry.
The main theme of the work
The main idea of "Poor Villages" is a condemnation of the tsar's internal policies and serfdom, which existed on the territory of our country for quite a long time. The lines “native land of long-suffering” are precisely about this.
Tyutchev writes about the lack of freedom of the Russian people and indirectly points to his inability to resist the authorities.
The lines “poor villages” and “scarce nature” are an indication of the poverty and humiliation of the people, as well as the general depletion of the country.
And although the lyrical hero experiences mental pain, seeing the true state of things, he still remains proud of his homeland, as evidenced by the line with the exclamation: “You are the land of the Russian people!”
The fate of Russians appears in the lines of the poem not only as an unfair burden, but also as something sacred. Tyutchev exalts the people and glorifies their humility, indirectly mentioning Christian values in the poem. The “proud gaze” of foreigners is contrasted with the calmness and meekness of Russian residents.
In this context, the author mentions that the Russian people are under the protection of Jesus Christ - the “king of heaven” who blesses our lands. At the same time, in the poem the image of Christ and the image of the Russian people seem to come closer and become one. This is evident from the expressions “in a slavish state” and “depressed by a burden.”
The symbolism of the poem and the means used
Size: tetrameter trochee. The type of rhyme in the poem is cross.
You should also pay attention to the abundance and alternation of the sounds “s” and “r”. The first is muffled, and the second is sonorous. This sets the rhythm and reflects the general direction: humility and slavish obedience are contrasted with blessing and pride in one’s homeland.
Means of expression:
- Allegories (king of heaven);
- Metaphors (foreign gaze, edge of long-suffering);
- Epithets (humble, meager, poor).
Basic symbols:
1. Christ
The work is not just filled with Christian motifs.
First and foremost, Christ is an expression of the Hero archetype. Bringing together Christ and ordinary people in his lines, the author secretly declares the heroism of the Russian people.
In Tyutchev’s poetics, light is usually interpreted as an expression of something higher and a sign of blessing.
In addition, in a broad sense, light is a symbol of renewal and hope.
Author's message
This poem is a kind of message to the Russian people, as well as the author’s “heartfelt cry” about the injustice and imperfection of the political and economic realities during which he lived.
Tyutchev analyzes the main problems inherent in our mentality and draws a small conclusion. The Russian people by nature are humble martyrs who are saved by patience and faith.
