Biosphere and man
Exercise 1
Question:
One of the main reasons for the decline in animal species diversity in
currently is
1) excessive reproduction of predators
2) the emergence of global epidemics of pandemics
3) destruction of animal habitats
4) interspecific struggle
Task #2
Question:
The process of changing genes under the influence of the environment is called
Write down the answer:
Task #3
Question:
A necessary condition for maintaining equilibrium in the biosphere
Choose one of 4 answer options:
1) strengthening agricultural and reducing industrial activity
human
2) closed circulation of matter and energy
3) evolution of the organic world
4) strengthening industrial and reducing agricultural activities
human
Task #4
Question:
Which of the following animals became extinct due to anthropogenic activities
human?
Choose from 6 answer options:
1) Epiornis
1
2) Tour
3) Bison
4) Polar bear
5) Sea cow
6) Fur seal
Task #5
Question:
Who owns the words: "Man becomes the main geo-forming
the power of the planet?
Choose one of 4 answer options:
1) V. Vernadsky
2) I. Newton
3) E. Suess
4) E. Haeckel
Task #6
Question:
The greenhouse effect is
Choose one of 4 answer options:
1) the process of ripening vegetables in a greenhouse
2) violation of the passage of heat from space to the surface of the Earth
3) the process of creating a greenhouse on a personal plot
4) violation of heat dissipation from the Earth's surface into space
Task #7
Question:
Mutagens are
Choose one of 4 answer options:
1) there is no correct answer
2) chemical and physical factors causing hereditary changes
3) type of pollutant
4) a type of bacteria that adversely affects the human body
Task #8
2
Question:
The term "ecology" was introduced into science
Choose one of 4 answer options:
1) V. Vernadsky
2) E. Haeckel
3) E. Suess
4) I. Newton
Task #9
Question:
What is the name of the sphere of interaction between society and nature, within which
intelligent human activity becomes the determining factor
development?
Write down the answer:
__________________________________________
Task #10
Question:
What does not apply to the types of pollution of the biosphere?
Choose from 5 answer options:
1) destructive (destructive) pollution
2) biocenotic pollution
3) there is no correct answer
4) ingredient contamination
5) energy pollution
Answers:
1) (1 b.) Correct answers: 3;
2) (1 b.) The correct answer is "mutagenesis".
3) (1 b.) Correct answers: 2;
4) (1 b.) Correct answers: 1; 2; 5;
5) (1 b.) Correct answers: 1;
6) (1 b.) Correct answers: 4;
7) (1 b.) Correct answers: 2;
8) (1 b.) Correct answers: 3;
9) (1 b.) The correct answer is "noosphere".
Task A. Write down the numbers of correct answers.
1.
2. a) J.-B. Lamarck; b) V.I. Vernadsky; c) E. Suess; d) E. Leroy.
3. The boundary of the biosphere in the atmosphere is at an altitude of: a) 77 km; b) 12.5 km; c) 10 km; d) 2 km.
4.
5.
6. Living matter is:
7.
8.
9.
10. Noosphere is:
11.
12.
13.
14. The thickening of life at the bottom of the World Ocean is called: a) plankton; b) nekton; c) benthos; d) neuston.
15.
a) the absence of water in the liquid phase; b) salt concentration over 270 g/l;
c) lack of elements of mineral nutrition; d) all of the above.
16.
a) life
17.
18.
a) living organisms accumulate and transfer energy through the food chain;
b) green plants use CO 2 and release O 2 into the atmosphere;
c) chemoautotrophs oxidize chemical elements;
d) living organisms accumulate various chemical elements.
19.
10.
20.
a) hydrosphere; b) lithosphere; c) atmosphere; d) the biosphere.
21. The doctrine of the biosphere was created:
22.
23.
a) plankton; b) nekton; c) benthos; d) neuston.
24.
a) the absence of water in the liquid phase; b) salt concentration over 270 g/l;
c) lack of elements of mineral nutrition; d) all of the above.
25.
26.
a) oil, coal, limestone; b) water, soil; c) granite, basalt; d) plants, animals, bacteria, fungi.
27.
a) living organisms accumulate and transfer energy through the food chain;
b) green plants use CO 2 and release O 2 into the atmosphere;
c) chemoautotrophs oxidize chemical elements;
d) living organisms accumulate various chemical elements.
28. The biosphere is a global self-regulating system with its own input and output: a) yes; b) no.
29.
1.
The biosphere is: a) the water shell of the Earth, inhabited by living organisms;
b) the air shell of the Earth, inhabited by living organisms;
c) the hard shell of the Earth inhabited by living organisms;
d) part of all the shells of the Earth, inhabited by living organisms.
2. The term "biosphere" was proposed by: a) J-B. Lamarck; b) V.I. Vernadsky; c) E. Leroy; d) no answer.
3. The boundaries of the biosphere are determined by: a) the presence of water in the liquid phase; e) the degree of salinity of the water;
b) favorable temperature conditions; c) the level of radiation; d) the presence of oxygen and carbon dioxide;
4.
a) plankton; b) nekton; c) benthos; d) neuston.
5.
6. The totality of all living organisms of the biosphere V.I. Vernadsky suggested calling:
7.
a) oil, coal, limestone; b) water, soil; c) granite, basalt; d) plants, animals, bacteria, fungi.
8.
a) living organisms accumulate and transfer energy through the food chain;
b) green plants use CO 2 and release O 2 into the atmosphere;
c) chemoautotrophs oxidize chemical elements;
d) living organisms accumulate various chemical elements.
9.
10. Noosphere is:
Task B.
1.
2.
3.
(4.
5.
6.
8. For example: hamsa--->mackerel--->dolphin.)
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30. What is included in the concept of "living matter"?
31.
32.
33.
34.
they are very small compared to the productivity of producers.)
36.
Test work on the topic "Fundamentals of the doctrine of the biosphere"
Option 1 Task A. Write down the numbers of correct answers.
1. The shell of the Earth inhabited by living organisms is called:
a) hydrosphere; b) lithosphere; c) atmosphere; d) the biosphere.
2. The doctrine of the biosphere was created:
a) J.-B. Lamarck; b) V.I. Vernadsky; c) E. Suess; d) E. Leroy.
3. The boundary of the biosphere in the atmosphere is at an altitude of:
a) 77 km; b) 12.5 km; c) 10 km; d) 2 km.
4. The film of life on the surface of the oceans is called:
a) plankton; b) nekton; c) benthos; d) neuston.
5. In the Dead Sea, the factor limiting the spread of life is:
a) the absence of water in the liquid phase; b) salt concentration over 270 g/l;
c) lack of elements of mineral nutrition; d) all of the above.
6. Living matter is:
a) the totality of all plants of the biosphere; b) the totality of all animals of the biosphere;
c) the totality of all living organisms of the biosphere; d) there is no correct answer.
7. The inert substance of the biosphere includes:
a) oil, coal, limestone; b) water, soil; c) granite, basalt; d) plants, animals, bacteria, fungi.
8. The concentration function of living matter is the ability to:
a) living organisms accumulate and transfer energy through the food chain;
b) green plants use CO 2 and release O 2 into the atmosphere;
c) chemoautotrophs oxidize chemical elements;
d) living organisms accumulate various chemical elements.
9. The biosphere is a global self-regulating system with its own input and output: a) yes; b) no.
10. Noosphere is:
a) past life sphere; b) the sphere of intelligent life; c) the sphere of the future life; d) there is no correct answer.
Answers: 1 - g; 2 - b; 3 - a; 4 - g; 5 B; 6 - in; 7 - in; 8 - g; 9 - a; 10 - b.
Task B. Briefly answer the questions.
1. Living matter is a powerful geological force that transforms the face of the planet. Give examples of the influence of living matter on the shells of the Earth.
(Change in the gas composition of the atmosphere; accumulation of rocks and minerals; involvement in the cycle of dead organic residues, etc..)
2. What substance of the biosphere is called biogenic? Give examples.
(Biogenic - created by living organisms: oil, coal, limestone, etc.)
3. Why does the boundary of the biosphere in the atmosphere pass at an altitude of 77 km?
(Higher - strong ultraviolet radiation, low air temperature, lack of oxygen and carbon dioxide, high radiation levels.)
4. List the functions of living matter. Expand the essence of the energy function.
(
Energy consists in the ability of green plants to assimilate and transfer the energy of the Sun through the food chain.)
5. What is soil? What experiment can be done to prove the presence of water in the soil?
(Soil is the upper, loose, fertile layer of the lithosphere on which plants grow and develop. To prove the presence of water in the soil, it is necessary to place a small amount of soil in a test tube and heat it - condensation will appear on the walls of the test tube.)
6. What is the importance of nitrogen in plant life?
(Nitrogen atoms are part of many organic molecules. In the absence of this substance, normal growth and accumulation of the phytomass of the stems and leaves of the plant are impossible.)
(The biomass of producers in the World Ocean is approximately 2.6 billion tons, which is approximately 8.5% of the total biomass. However, the productivity of producers is 430 billion tons, which is the entire productivity of the World Ocean.)
8. Make a nekton food chain in the oceans. ( For example: hamsa--->mackerel--->dolphin.)
9. What effect did human use of fire have on the Earth's biosphere?
(Negative - the creation of pyrogenic landscapes, desertification, changes in ecosystems. For example, Sahara, Kalahari, Australian savannahs are pyrogenic landscapes.)
Option 2 Task A. Write down the numbers of correct answers.
1.
The biosphere is: a) the water shell of the Earth, inhabited by living organisms;
b) the air shell of the Earth, inhabited by living organisms;
c) the hard shell of the Earth inhabited by living organisms;
d) part of all the shells of the Earth, inhabited by living organisms.
2. The term "biosphere" was proposed by: a) J.-B. Lamarck; b) V.I. Vernadsky; c) E. Suess; d) E. Leroy.
3. The boundaries of the biosphere in the hydrosphere pass at a depth of:
a) 1 km; b) 2 km; c) 10 km; d) the hydrosphere is completely populated by living organisms.
4. The condensation of life at the bottom of the oceans is called:
a) plankton; b) nekton; c) benthos; d) neuston.
5. In the White Sands Desert (USA), the factor limiting the spread of life is:
a) the absence of water in the liquid phase; b) salt concentration over 270 g/l;
c) lack of elements of mineral nutrition; d) all of the above.
6. The totality of all living organisms of the biosphere V.I. Vernadsky suggested calling:
a) life b) biomass; c) living matter; ttg) there is no correct answer.
7. The bioinert substance of the biosphere includes:
a) oil, coal, limestone; b) soil; c) granite, basalt; d) plants, animals, bacteria, fungi.
8. The gas function of living matter is the ability to:
a) living organisms accumulate and transfer energy through the food chain;
b) green plants use CO 2 and release O 2 into the atmosphere;
c) chemoautotrophs oxidize chemical elements;
d) living organisms accumulate various chemical elements.
9. The biosphere is a global unregulated system that has an input but no output: a) yes; b) no.
10.
Eugene Leroy: a) created the doctrine of the biosphere; b) proposed the term "biosphere";
c) proposed the term "noosphere"; d) was a friend of V.I. Vernadsky.
Answers: 1 - g; 2 - in; 3 - g; 4 - in; 5 - a; 6 - in; 7 - b; 8 - b; 9 - b; 10 - in.
Task B. Briefly answer the questions.
1. Give some definitions of the biosphere.
(The biosphere is the living shell of the Earth. The biosphere is the shell of the Earth inhabited by living organisms. The biosphere is an open, global, self-regulating system with its own input and output.)
2. What factors determine the boundaries of the biosphere in the atmosphere?
(Hard ultraviolet, low air temperature, lack of oxygen and carbon dioxide, high radiation levels, etc.)
3. What are the main functions of living matter in the biosphere? Expand the essence of the gas function.
(Energy, redox, gas, concentration.
Gas consists in the ability of living organisms to change the gas composition of the atmosphere, for example, green plants absorb carbon dioxide and release oxygen.)
4. What substance of the biosphere is biogenic? Give examples.
(Biogenic - a substance created by living organisms, for example, oil, coal, limestone.)
5. What is soil? What experiment can be done to prove the presence of minerals in the soil?
(Soil is the upper, loose, fertile layer of the lithosphere on which plants grow and develop. To prove the presence of mineral substances in the soil, a small amount of soil must be dissolved in water, filtered, and the filtrate evaporated. A small amount of mineral salts will remain on the watch glass.)
6. What is the importance of potassium in plant life?
(Potassium ions are present in the cytoplasm of all living cells and are involved in many biochemical processes. One of the functions of potassium in the plant body is the influence on the formation of the root system.)
7. Give an example of a benthic food chain.
(For example: detritus--->bivalves--->sea stars.)
(The biomass of decomposers in the World Ocean is an insignificant part of the total biomass, and the overall productivity is less.)
9. What is the significance of the emergence of cities on the biosphere of the Earth?
(The negative impact is the concentration of the population and the associated environmental pollution with household and industrial waste, the disappearance of plant and animal species, etc.)
Option 3 Task A. Write down the numbers of the correct answers.
1. The living shell of the Earth, inhabited by living organisms, is called:
a) hydrosphere; b) lithosphere; c) atmosphere; d) the biosphere.
2. The doctrine of the biosphere was created:
a) J.-B. Lamarck; b) Ch. Darwin; c) E. Suess; d) there is no correct answer.
3. The boundaries of the biosphere in the lithosphere on land pass at a depth of:
a) 100-200 m; b) 1-2 km; c) 3-4 km; d) 100-200 km.
4. A group of living organisms passively floating in the thickness of the World Ocean is called:
a) plankton; b) nekton; c) benthos; d) neuston.
5. On the slopes of Mount McKinley (Alaska), the factor limiting the spread of life is:
a) the absence of water in the liquid phase; b) salt concentration over 270 g/l;
c) lack of elements of mineral nutrition; d) all of the above.
6. The totality of all living organisms in the biosphere is called:
a) inert substance; b) bioinert substance; c) living matter; d) biogenic substance.
7. The biogenic matter of the biosphere includes:
a) oil, coal, limestone; b) water, soil; c) granite, basalt; d) plants, animals, bacteria, fungi.
8. The redox function of living matter is the ability to:
a) living organisms accumulate and transfer energy through the food chain;
b) green plants use CO 2 and release O 2 into the atmosphere;
c) chemoautotrophs oxidize chemical elements;
d) living organisms accumulate various chemical elements.
9. The biosphere is a global self-regulating system with its own input and output: a) yes; b) no.
10. The doctrine of the noosphere was developed by:
a) V.I. Vernadsky; b) E. Leroy; c) P. Teilhard-de-Chardin; d) all answers are correct.
Answers: 1 - g; 2 - g; 3 - in; 4 - a; 5 - in; 6 - in; 7 - a; 8 - in; 9 - a; 10 - g.
Task B. Briefly answer the questions.
1. Who was the first to create a coherent doctrine of the biosphere?
(IN AND. Vernadsky.)
2. What factors determine the boundaries of the biosphere in the hydrosphere?
(High pressure, lack of light, salinity of the aquatic environment above 270 g/l.)
3. List the main functions of living matter. Expand the concept of the concentration function.
(Energy, redox, gas, concentration.
Concentration consists in the ability of living organisms to accumulate chemical elements in themselves, for example, calcium in shellfish shells.)
4. What substance of the biosphere is bioinert? Give examples.
(Bio-inert - the substance of the biosphere, arising from the interaction of living organisms and the environment - the soil.)
5. What is soil? What experiment can be done to prove the presence of humus in the soil?
(Soil is the upper, loose, fertile layer of the lithosphere on which plants grow and develop. To prove the presence of humus in the soil, you need to put the soil in a test tube and heat it. After a while, a characteristic smell of burning organic matter will appear.)
6. What is the importance of soil aeration in plant life?
(Aeration is the degree of saturation of the soil with air. Air is essential for plant roots to breathe.)
7. How and why does the color of algae change with immersion in depth?
(With immersion in depth, the color of algae changes from green to brown and red. This is due to a decrease in the amount of sunlight entering the deeper layers of water and, accordingly, a decrease in the amount of chlorophyll and an increase in the amount of carotenoids.)
8. Compare the biomass of the land surface with the biomass of the oceans.
(The biomass of the land surface is about 800 times the biomass of the oceans. However, on land, the main part of the biomass is made up of producers, while in the World Ocean, on the contrary, more than 90% are consumers.)
9. List the three main stages in human evolution that have had the greatest impact on the biosphere.
(The use of fire, the Neolithic revolution (domestication of plants and animals) and scientific and technological progress.)
Option 4 Task A. Write down the numbers of the correct answers.
1. Biosphere is:
a) the water shell of the Earth, inhabited by living organisms;
b) the air shell of the Earth, inhabited by living organisms;
c) the hard shell of the Earth inhabited by living organisms;
d) part of all the shells of the Earth, inhabited by living organisms.
2. The term "biosphere" was proposed by:
a) J-B. Lamarck; b) V.I. Vernadsky; c) E. Leroy; d) there is no correct answer.
3. The boundaries of the biosphere are determined by:
a) the presence of water in the liquid phase; ttb) favorable temperature conditions;
c) the level of radiation; d) the presence of oxygen and carbon dioxide; id) the degree of salinity of the water;
e) all of the above factors.
4. A group of living organisms actively swimming in the thickness of the World Ocean is called:
a) plankton; b) nekton; c) benthos; d) neuston.
5. In the Arctic deserts, the factor limiting the spread of life is:
a) the absence of water in the liquid phase; b) lack of elements of mineral nutrition;
c) unfavorable temperature conditions; d) all of the above.
6. The totality of all living organisms of the biosphere V.I. Vernadsky suggested calling:
a) life b) biomass; c) living matter; d) there is no correct answer.
7. The living matter of the biosphere includes:
a) oil, coal, limestone; b) water, soil; c) granite, basalt;
d) plants, animals, bacteria, fungi.
8. The energy function of living matter is the ability to:
a) living organisms accumulate and transfer energy through the food chain;
b) green plants use CO 2 and release O 2 into the atmosphere;
c) chemoautotrophs oxidize chemical elements;
d) living organisms accumulate various chemical elements.
9. The biosphere is a global closed self-regulating system that has no input and output: a) yes; b) no.
10. Noosphere is:
a) the stage of intelligent life; b) the sphere of intelligent life; c) the stage of development of the biosphere; d) all answers are correct.
Answers: 1 - g; 2 - g; 3 - e; 4 - b; 5 - g; 6 - in; 7 - g; 8 - a; 9 - b; 10 - g.
Task B. Briefly answer the questions.
1. IN AND. Vernadsky wrote: "Living matter ... like a mass of gas spreads over the earth's surface and exerts a certain pressure in the environment." How do you understand this statement?
(Living matter is distributed over almost the entire earth's surface, where there are suitable conditions for life. Living matter exerts powerful pressure on all shells of the Earth. For example, it changes the gas composition of the atmosphere, promotes the formation of rocks (oil, coal, limestone), oxidizes rocks, etc.)
2. What factors determine the boundaries of the biosphere in the lithosphere?
(The presence of water in the liquid phase, the presence of free oxygen and carbon dioxide, a certain temperature regime, the presence of a minimum of mineral nutrition, etc.)
3. What is included in the concept of "living matter"? ( The totality of all living organisms in the biosphere.)
4. List the main functions of living matter. Expand the concept of redox function.
(Energy, redox, gas, concentration.
Redox is the ability of living organisms to oxidize and reduce chemical elements.)
5. What is soil? What experiment can be done to prove the presence of air in the soil?
(Soil is the upper, loose, fertile layer of the lithosphere on which plants grow and develop. To prove the presence of air in the soil, you need to throw a small amount of soil into the water - bubbles will be noticeable.)
6. What effect does phosphorus have on plant life?
(Phosphorus atoms are part of many organic molecules. The lack of this substance in plants inhibits the processes of flowering and fruiting.)
7. Give an example of a planktonic food chain.
(For example: phytoplankton--->zooplankton--->jellyfish.)
(By biomass, consumers make up more than 90% of the total biomass of the World Ocean, but their productivity is very low compared to the productivity of producers.)
9. What is the significance of the domestication of plants and animals on the Earth's biosphere?
(Negative - changes in ecosystems, the disappearance of many species of plants and animals.)
Test option number 1
(theme "Biosphere")
The test consists of 3 parts.
1. ecosystem 3) biosphere
2. noosphere 4) view
2. changes their habitat
1. hydrosphere 3) lithosphere
1. more simple
1. biogeocenosis 3) biosphere
1. animals 3) mushrooms
2. bacteria 4) plants
1. type of animal 3) kingdom
1. oxygen 3) climate
A. plants D. bacteria
What is the biomass of the land surface, soil and oceans?
Test option number 2
(theme "Biosphere")
The test consists of 3 parts.
The first part contains questions under the letter A. They need to choose only one correct answer.
The second part contains questions under the letter B. These tasks can be:
or a choice of several correct answers;
tasks for establishing correspondence between positions between processes and objects, as well as a description of their properties and characteristics;
Tasks for determining the sequence of biological phenomena or processes
The third part (under the letter "C") includes a detailed answer to the question posed.
1. creation of nature reserves
1. biogeocenoses 3) biorhythms
1. biosphere 3) biosphere
3. declining biodiversity
3. space energy
4. solar energy
C1. Give a detailed answer to the following question.
C2. Give a detailed answer to the following question.
The doctrine of the biosphere.
Test option number 3
(theme "Biosphere")
The test consists of 3 parts.
The first part contains questions under the letter A. They need to choose only one correct answer.
The second part contains questions under the letter B. These tasks can be:
or a choice of several correct answers;
tasks for establishing correspondence between positions between processes and objects, as well as a description of their properties and characteristics;
Tasks for determining the sequence of biological phenomena or processes
The third part (under the letter "C") includes a detailed answer to the question posed.
4. enhance photosynthesis
1. reserve 3) community
1. gas 3) storage
1. reserves 3) reserves
2. biogeocenoses 4) natural parks
IN 1. Choose a few correct statements. The gas function of living matter includes the following processes:
G. breathing process
C1. Give a detailed answer to the following question.
C2. Give a detailed answer to the following question.
Test option number 4
(theme "Biosphere")
The test consists of 3 parts.
The first part contains questions under the letter A. They need to choose only one correct answer.
The second part contains questions under the letter B. These tasks can be:
or a choice of several correct answers;
tasks for establishing correspondence between positions between processes and objects, as well as a description of their properties and characteristics;
Tasks for determining the sequence of biological phenomena or processes
The third part (under the letter "C") includes a detailed answer to the question posed.
A1. The totality of populations of different species, interconnected by food and energy connections, as well as with factors of inanimate nature, the circulation of substances that have been living in a certain area for a long time, is called:
1. ecosystem 3) biosphere
2. noosphere 4) view
A2. In the cycle of substances, the most important role is played by:
1. abiotic factors 3) living organisms
2. anthropogenic factors 4) biological rhythms
A3. The main reason for the reduction in the number of species on Earth in the twentieth century is the action of the anthropogenic factor, since it:
1. weakens competition between species
2. changes their habitat
3. Promotes the lengthening of food chains
4. affects seasonal changes in nature
A4. The youngest of all spheres of the Earth is the biosphere, since it arose only with the advent of:
1. hydrosphere 3) lithosphere
2. atmosphere 4) life on Earth
A5. The reason for the decline in soil fertility under human influence is:
1. application of fertilizers 3) erosion, salinization
2. creation of forest belts in the steppe 4) alternation of grown cultivated plants
A6. Biotechnological methods of food production are more efficient because they:
1. more simple
2. allow you to get environmentally friendly products
3. does not require special conditions
4. does not require skilled labor
A7. The ecosystem created by man for growing cultivated plants is called:
1. biogeocenosis 3) biosphere
2. agrocenosis 4) experimental station
A8. In most ecosystems, the initial source of organic matter and energy is:
1. animals 3) mushrooms
2. bacteria 4) plants
A9. The source of energy for photosynthesis in plants is light, which is attributed to the factors:
1. non-periodic 3) abiotic
2. anthropogenic 4) biotic
A10. During the existence of the biosphere, living organisms have repeatedly used the same chemical elements due to:
1. synthesis of substances by organisms 3) circulation of substances
2. splitting of substances by organisms 4) constant supply of substances from the Cosmos
A11. The structural and functional unit of the biosphere is
1. type of animal 3) kingdom
2. plant department 4) biogeocenosis
A12. The reason for the negative human impact on the biosphere, manifested in the violation of the oxygen cycle, is:
1. creation of artificial reservoirs 3) reduction of forest area
2. land irrigation 4) drainage of swamps
A13. What function of living matter underlies its ability to accumulate chemical elements from the environment?
1. gas 3) concentration
2. redox 4) biogeochemical
A14. In the circulation of substances and the transformation of energy in the biosphere, the following are most actively involved:
1. oxygen 3) climate
2. living matter 4) heat of the earth's interior
IN 1. Choose a few correct statements. The biosphere includes:
A. plants D. bacteria
B. bioinert substance E. biogenic substance
B. living matter E. inert matter
C1. Give a detailed answer to the following question.
What are the reasons for the stability of the biosphere?
C2. Give a detailed answer to the following question.
What are the main functions of the living matter of the biosphere?
Test option number 5
(theme "Biosphere")
The test consists of 3 parts.
The first part contains questions under the letter A. They need to choose only one correct answer.
The second part contains questions under the letter B. These tasks can be:
or a choice of several correct answers;
tasks for establishing correspondence between positions between processes and objects, as well as a description of their properties and characteristics;
Tasks for determining the sequence of biological phenomena or processes
The third part (under the letter "C") includes a detailed answer to the question posed.
A1. In preserving the diversity of plant and animal species in the biosphere, the following is of great importance:
1. creation of nature reserves
2. expansion of the area of agrocenoses
3. Increasing the productivity of agrocenoses
4. pest control of agricultural plants
A2. A closed, balanced cycle of substances in an ecosystem causes:
1. self-regulation 3) ecosystem changes
2. population fluctuations 4) ecosystem stability
A3. Russian scientist V.I. Vernadsky created the doctrine of:
1. biogeocenoses 3) biorhythms
2. the leading role of living matter in the biosphere 4) photoperiodism
A4. The introduction of low-waste technologies in industrial production allows:
1. protect the biosphere from pollution
2. increase the productivity of agrocenoses
3. accelerate the circulation of substances in the biosphere
4. slow down the circulation of substances in the biosphere
A5. A coniferous forest is inhabited by many species related to each other and to factors of inanimate nature, therefore it is called:
1. biosphere 3) biosphere
2. biogeocenosis 4) reserve
A6. The greatest role in the cycle of substances is played by
1. abiotic factors 3) anthropogenic factors
2. limiting factors 4) living matter
A7. The withdrawal of a significant amount of biomass from the ecosystem by humans makes the cycle of substances unbalanced, which causes:
1. unstable ecosystem 3) self-regulation in the ecosystem
2. stable ecosystem 4) population increase
A8. The mass of living matter in the biosphere is very small, but it plays a huge role in ...
1. creation of the lithosphere 3) creation of the oceans
2. transformation of matter and energy 4) formation of continents
A9. The negative consequences of human impact on the biosphere are manifested in:
1. change in atmospheric pressure
2. regulation of the population size of game animals
3. declining biodiversity
4. creation of new varieties of plants and animal breeds
A10. Change by organisms in the process of life of the habitat in the ecosystem is the cause of:
1. the circulation of substances 3) the emergence of adaptations in organisms
2. changes in ecosystems 4) the emergence of new species
A11. Wastes of industrial production - salts of heavy metals: lead, cadmium - cause poisoning in people, the birth of freaks, getting into their body:
1. in the process of reproduction 3) with inhaled air
2. through food chains 4) with wastewater
A12. For the first time the name "Biosphere" was given:
1. To Linnaeus 3) V.I. Vernadsky
2. J.B. Lamarck 4) V.N. Sukachev
A13. The biosphere exists mainly due to:
1. space energy and intraplanetary thermal energy
2. intraplanetary thermal energy
3. space energy
4. solar energy
A14. The upper limit of the biosphere is limited by:
1. bird height 3) ozone layer
2. spore detection height 4) no upper limit
IN 1. Choose a few correct statements. The functions of living matter in the biosphere include:
A. accumulative G. concentration
B. redox E. gas
B. conductive E. oxidative
C1. Give a detailed answer to the following question.
What is the significance of the circulation of substances in nature for the existence of the biosphere? Give examples.
C2. Give a detailed answer to the following question.
The doctrine of the biosphere.
Test option number 6
(theme "Biosphere")
The test consists of 3 parts.
The first part contains questions under the letter A. They need to choose only one correct answer.
The second part contains questions under the letter B. These tasks can be:
or a choice of several correct answers;
tasks for establishing correspondence between positions between processes and objects, as well as a description of their properties and characteristics;
Tasks for determining the sequence of biological phenomena or processes
The third part (under the letter "C") includes a detailed answer to the question posed.
A1. The process of periodic decrease in the population size under the influence of environmental factors to a certain limit and its subsequent increase is called:
1. biological rhythm 3) self-regulation
2. circulation of substances 4) migration of atoms
A2. The process of destruction of organic substances by decomposers to inorganic substances and their return to the environment is an important link in:
1. metabolism 3) circulation of substances
2. self-regulation 4) seasonal changes in the life of organisms
A3. Mass cutting of dominant, habitat-forming tree species in the forest can lead to:
1. strengthening the circulation of substances 3) lengthening food chains
2. the emergence of food chains 4) ecosystem changes
A4. Acid rain, which is formed as a result of atmospheric pollution with nitrogen and sulfur oxides, leads to:
1. improving the mineral nutrition of plants
2. Forest loss in several regions of the world
3. improve water metabolism in plants
4. enhance photosynthesis
A5. Photosynthesis and respiration are attributed to the functions of living matter:
1. redox 3) biogeochemical
2. gas 4) concentration
A6. In many countries of the world, "green" parties have been created, whose actions are aimed at:
1. protection of the biosphere 3) protection of human rights to clean air
2. refusal to use any technology 4) suspension of the development of the biosphere
A7. Ecosystems in which the shooting of rare species of animals, the collection of plants is prohibited, are called:
1. reserve 3) community
2. agroecosystem 4) forest park
A8. A large species diversity, self-regulation, a balanced circulation of substances are signs of:
1. agroecosystem 3) unstable ecosystem
2. sustainable ecosystem 4) ecosystem development
A9. The ability of organisms to convert one substance into another and the formation of salts, oxides is the function of living matter:
1. gas 3) storage
2. concentration 4) redox
A10. The biosphere as a global ecosystem consists of:
1.Biotic and chemical components
2. biotic and dead components
3. living and chemical components
4. Biotic and abiotic components
A11. The living matter of the biosphere is formed by a combination of individuals of all types:
1. animals, including humans 3) plants and humans
2. plants and animals 4) living organisms inhabiting the planet and humans
A12. Biogenic migration of atoms is called ... circulation:
1. biochemical 3) biogeochemical
2. chemical 4) biological
A13. All plant and animal species and their natural environment are protected in:
1. reserves 3) reserves
2) biogeocenoses 4) natural parks
A14. Despite the constant use by plants of inorganic substances absorbed from the soil, their supply in the soil does not dry out, as the following occurs:
1. metabolism 3) circulation of substances
2. change of biogeocenoses 4) self-regulation
IN 1. Choose a few correct statements. The gas functions of living matter include the following processes:
A. the return of molecular nitrogen to the atmosphere by bacteria
B. assimilation of atmospheric molecular nitrogen by nodule bacteria
B. the ability to accumulate a certain substance in the cells of horsetails and sedges
G. breathing process
E. accumulation of iodine in the cells of the seaweed kelp
E. accumulation of chemicals in the cells of organisms
C1. Give a detailed answer to the following question.
Name the components and boundaries of the biosphere.
C2. Give a detailed answer to the following question.
What are the reasons for the stability of the biosphere?
Key answers to tests on the biosphere.
Question number
| option | |||
| 1,4 | 2,5 | 3,6 | |
| A1 | |||
| A2 | |||
| A3 | |||
| A4 | |||
| A5 | |||
| A6 | |||
| A7 | |||
| A8 | |||
| A9 | |||
| A10 | |||
| A11 | |||
| A12 | |||
| A13 | |||
| A14 | |||
| IN 1 | BVDE | GDD | ABG |
| | Site search: |
Biosphere Test
1. Anthropogenic factors include
1) draining swamps, deforestation, road construction
2) plants, bacteria, fungi, animals, viruses
3) minerals, plants, water salinity, plowing fields
4) air and water temperature, atmospheric pressure
2. In the biosphere
1) plant biomass is equal to animal biomass
2) the biomass of animals is many times greater than the biomass of plants
3) plant biomass is many times greater than animal biomass
4) the ratio of plant and animal biomass is constantly changing
3. According to V.I. Vernadsky oxygen is a substance
1) living 2) bioinert 3) biogenic 4) inert
4. The upper boundary of the biosphere is located at an altitude of 17-20 km from the Earth's surface, since there
1) no oxygen 3) very low temperature
2) there is no light 4) the ozone layer is placed
5. The shell of the Earth, inhabited by living organisms and transformed by them, is called
1) hydrosphere 2) lithosphere 3) noosphere 4) biosphere
6. The highest concentration of living matter is observed
1) at the junction of the atmosphere, hydrosphere and lithosphere
2) in the lower layers of the hydrosphere
3) in the upper atmosphere
4) in the lithosphere at a depth of 200 m
7. The living substance of the planet's biosphere is the totality of all
1- all plants and animals 2- multicellular organisms
3- microorganisms 4-living organisms
8. The boundaries of the biosphere are determined
1- conditions unsuitable for life 2- fluctuations in positive temperatures
3- amount of precipitation 4- cloudiness of the atmosphere
9. In accordance with the ideas of V.I. Vernadsky are classified as bioinert bodies
1- soil 2- minerals 3- atmospheric gases 4- animals
10. Producers of organic substances in the biosphere are
1- producers 2- decomposers 3- consumers of the 1st order 4- consumers of the 2nd order b
11. The boundaries of the biosphere in the atmosphere are defined:
a) to the height of the ozone layer; c) limited by the height of the stratosphere.
b) extend beyond the ozone layer;
12. A holistic doctrine of the biosphere proposed:
a) J.B. Lamarck; c) V.I. Vernadsky.
b) E. Suess;
13. Find the correspondence "living --- bio-inert --- inert":
a) "green plants --- water --- soil";
b) "soil --- water --- green plants";
c) "green plants --- soil --- water."
14.Organisms that feed on ready-made organic substances:
a) autotrophs; c) eukaryotes.
b) heterotrophs;
15. Find the correspondence "consumers --- destroyers --- producers":
a) "consumers --- decomposers --- producers";
b) "reducers --- producers --- consumers";
c) "producers --- consumers --- decomposers."
16. Organisms that independently form organic substances from inorganic compounds:
a) autotrophs; c) prokaryotes.
b) heterotrophs;
17. The term "biosphere" introduced into science:
a) V. I. Vernadsky; c) J. Lamarck.
b) E. Suess;
18. The upper boundary of the biosphere passes at a height:
a) 15-17 km; c) 25-50 km.
b) 16-25 km;
19. In the lithosphere, living organisms are found at a depth of:
a) 3 km; c) 12 km.
b) 8 km;
20. The lower boundary of the biosphere in the lithosphere is theoretically determined by:
a) the presence of water; c) high temperature.
b) aeration conditions;
21. Organisms that create organic substances from inorganic ones are called:
a) producers c) decomposers
b) consumers; .
22. The main producer in the biosphere are:
a) bacteria; c) green plants.
b) mushrooms;
23. Organisms that decompose dead organic matter and return inorganic substances to the environment are called:
a) producers c) decomposers.
b) consumers;
24. What is the limiting factor that most prevents the existence of life in the upper atmosphere?
a) the composition of the air; c) ultraviolet radiation;
b) temperature; d) humidity.
» 11 profile
Option number 1
1. Determine if the given statement is true.
1. Consumers decompose organic residues to inorganic compounds.
2. The length of the food chain is limited by the loss of energy at each food level.
3. The role of producers is the synthesis of organic compounds from inorganic
4. Herbivorous animals are consumers of the 2nd order.
5. Mammals and birds are warm-blooded animals.
6. Producers include only green plants.
7. Decomposers ensure the decomposition of organic substances to inorganic
8. The biosphere includes the entire lithosphere.
9. Biomass is the totality of all living organisms.
10. Living organisms significantly accelerate the global metabolism in the biosphere.
2. Choose the correct answer:
1. The lower limit of plant distribution passes in the hydrosphere at a depth of 300 m, since there: a) there is no oxygen; b) no light c) low water temperature; d) there is no soil.
2. In the tropical desert, the main limiting factor is: a) light; b) temperature; c) humidity; d) pressure.
3. The international list of rare and endangered species is called: a) black list; b) red book; c) white pages; d) natural monument.
4. In the food chain, no more than: a) 90% of biomass passes to the next trophic level; b) 50% biomass; c) 10% biomass; d) 5% biomass.
5. In most food chains, the initial link is: a) producers; b) decomposers; c) consumers of the 1st order; d) consumers of higher orders.
6. Plot of land or water area, where the use of certain types of natural resources is temporarily prohibited: a) a reserve; b) a nature reserve; c) national park; d) a monument of nature.
7. The part of the biosphere in which human activity is manifested is called: a) the lithosphere; b) hydrosphere; c) biogeocenosis; d) noosphere.
8. The bulk of the living matter of the biosphere are: a) animals; b) bacteria; c) plants; d) plankton.
9. When moving from one food level to another, no more than: a) 1% of energy is saved; b) 10% of energy; c) 90% energy; d) 100% energy.
10. In the Arctic desert, the main limiting factor is: a) light; b) temperature; c) humidity; d) pressure.
3.What is different: a) biome and biogeocenosis; b) community and ecosystem.
4. Give examples anthropogenic factor. Name the main measures of nature protection and conservation of species diversity.
Test on the topic: “Fundamentals of ecology. The doctrine of the biosphere" 11 prf
Option number 2
1. Determine if this statement is true:
1. Reducers decompose organic residues to inorganic compounds.
2. The length of the food chain is limited by the loss of energy at each food level.
3. The role of consumers is in the synthesis of organic compounds from inorganic ones.
4. Herbivorous animals are consumers of the 1st order.
5. When moving from one food level to another, 10% of energy is lost.
6. Any living organism is a closed system.
7. Consumers use the energy accumulated by producers.
8. Sundew sticky traps are adaptations to a lack of nitrogen in the soil.
9. Ant-aphid relationship is an example of interspecific competition.
10. The relationship between birch and boletus is an example of symbiosis.
2. Choose the correct answer:
1. An environmental factor that goes beyond the endurance of an organism is called: a) optimal; b) limiting; c) unfavorable; d) lethal.
2. In the Arctic desert, the main limiting factor is: a) light; b) temperature; c) humidity; d) pressure.
3. A land or water area where all types of economic activity are completely prohibited: a) a reserve; b) a nature reserve; c) national park; d) a monument of nature.
4. In the food chain, when moving to the next trophic level, at least: a) 90% of biomass is lost; b) 50% biomass; c) 10% biomass; d) 5% biomass.
5. In most food chains, the final link is: a) producers; b) decomposers; c) conments; d) consumers of higher orders.
6. The upper boundary of the biosphere passes in the atmosphere at an altitude of about 20 km, since there: a) there is little oxygen; b) little light; c) low air temperature; d) there is an ozone layer.
7. Ecology is a science that studies: a) the impact of pollution on the environment; b) the impact of pollution on human health; the impact of human activities on the environment; d) the relationship of organisms with the environment.
8. In most food chains, the initial link is: a) predators; b) bacteria and fungi; c) plants; d) herbivores.
9. The part of the biosphere in which human activity is manifested is called: a) the lithosphere; b) hydrosphere; c) biogeocenosis; d) noosphere.
10 The lower boundary of plant distribution passes in the hydrosphere at a depth of 300 m, since there: a) there is no oxygen; b) no light c) low water temperature; d) there is no soil.
3. List main biotic factors. Name the types of interaction between populations in biogeocenosis.
4. How it happens changing communities? Name the types of successions.
