About our Motherland - Great Tartaria. Rulers of the great empire of our ancestors Rulers of Tartary their genealogy

The last ruler of Tartary

This is a man with dark, slightly curly hair and blue-gray eyes. Unfortunately, I don’t know how to draw, so I chose a drawing as close as possible to the original. We are talking about a man whom we know under the name Emelyan Pugachev, because. his real name remains unknown. Unknown yet. And I really hope so.

Here's what the official report says:

Emelyan Pugachev was born in 1742, in the village of Zimoveyskaya-on-Don. From the Don Cossacks. In 1759, Emelyan Pugachev entered military service as a Cossack and took part in the Seven Years' War. In 1764, as part of his regiment, he was in Poland, in 1769-1770 he fought with the Turks and received the rank of cornet.

Returning due to illness to the Don, in 1772 he went on a wandering life, was among the Terek Cossacks, beyond the Kuban with the Nekrasov Cossacks, in Poland, lived among the Old Believers near Chernigov, Gomel, on the Irgiz River. He was arrested several times, but escaped.

In May 1773, Emelyan Pugachev fled from a Kazan prison to the Yaik River, where, among the Cossacks living there, he declared himself Emperor Peter Fedorovich, having miraculously escaped from assassins sent by his unfaithful wife.On September 17, the first manifesto was read on his behalf about the beginning of the uprising, the core of which was the Yaik Cossacks-Old Believers. Then they were joined by detachments of Bashkirs and other peoples of the Volga region, Ural working people, as well as peasants, who made up the majority at the last stage of the uprising.

Numerous rebel detachments operated over a vast territory from the Urals to the Volga. Pugachev himself initially besieged Orenburg, but after defeat from government troops at the Tatishchev Fortress on November 22, 1774, his main forces retreated to the mining Urals. From there he moved to the Volga and took Kazan. The Pugachevites were there for only one day, but managed to plunder and burn the city in a drunken bacchanalia. The winners raped women and killed not only men, but also old people and children.

Perhaps there was such a person, but this is clearly different, not the one we call Pugachev. And that man, the future hero, was born not in Muscovy, but in Tartary (i.e. in a completely different country), on the estate of his parents. Now they are called family estates, i.e. those where only family members work without employees. Having matured, the young man decided to devote himself to military affairs and enlisted in the princely army.

Tartary was then at war with the invader, Romanov’s Muscovy, so the field of activity for a military career was extensive. Very quickly, thanks to his courage and bravery, the one we call Pugachev first became a “field commander” and then a governor. This was the highest military rank.

Regular troops came from Muscovy under the leadership of Suvorov. Tartary did not have such troops, nor did they have heavy weapons. In essence, it was a war between Russian crusaders (Christians) and Russians who did not want to betray their faith in the Gods, their Orthodoxy and who did not want to become God’s slaves. This is a war of civilizations. A war in which the Orthodox Russians, alas, were doomed. Kali Yuga was in full swing.

In the last battle, the governor was seriously wounded, and wounded in the back by the hand of a traitor. Friends and comrades took him on a sleigh from the battlefield to the remote taiga, where a settlement was later rebuilt. Such settlements gradually grew, because people fled from invaders who imposed their religion with fire and sword (in the most literal sense).
Now we know such settlements as settlements of Old Believers. Not schismatic Christians, but rather Old Believers.

As for the captive Pugachev, this man voluntarily took on the role of a victim, saving the governor. Now this would be called a “cover operation.”

After Pugachev's war, Tartaria disappears from geographical maps, and Siberia becomes part of Romanov Russia. Everything that could be rewritten was rewritten. Pushkin writes a “custom article”, and Suvorov receives orders and titles.

Now the Kali Yuga is over, the time of rebirth is coming, and first of all this concerns information. More and more people are searching for the truth, more and more they are sharing their findings. In the end, we will find out everything that our enemies hid so carefully, we will find out the truth. And power lies in truth.

When studying the development of our civilization over the past 16 thousand years, it is necessary to take into account the fact that the world elites consistently and constantly distort and falsify world history, and not only that which is close to us, such as the history of the Second World War, but also much more distant ones , of course, with exclusively pragmatic goals and in their own selfish interests. At the same time, it is, of course, preferable for the authorities to look like incompetent, stubborn and stupid idiots than to admit the existence of far-reaching plans that potentially violate the rights and customary way of life of entire peoples. If we independently make clarifying amendments to the political trends of today and the strategic plans of the elites for the future, we will get closer to the real interpretation of our history.

Let us consider the history of the Great Tartary, which is very indicative in this sense, replaced by some vague and fabulously fantastic “Mongol-Tatar yoke” and the no less fabulous Genghis Khan with his somewhere completely, as if by magic, disappearing, and leaving nothing behind, the Mongolian empire.

We will try to present only some well-known, but not accepted by official science, information about this as briefly and meaningfully as possible:

“Great Tartary (Latin Tataria, Tataria Magna; English Tartary, Great Tartary, sometimes Grand Tartary; French Tartarie) is a term used in Western European literature during the Middle Ages and until the 19th century to designate vast territories between Europe and Siberia , Caspian Sea, Aral Sea, Ural Mountains, China and the Pacific Ocean (Strait of Tartary).”

“The Great Tartaria included the modern Volga region, the Urals, Siberia, Kazakhstan, Turkestan, Mongolia, Manchuria, Tibet.”

The first edition of the Encyclopedia Britannica in 1771 says about Great Tartary that it is the largest country in the world:

“TARTARY, a vast country in the northern parts of Asia, bounded by Siberia on the north and west: this is called Great Tartary. The Tartars who lie south of Moscow and Siberia, are those of Astracan, Circassia, and Dagistan, located north-west of the Caspian-sea; the Calmuc Tartars, who lie between Siberia and the Caspian-sea; the Usbec Tartars and Moguls, who lie north of Persia and India; and lastly, those of Tibet, who lie north-west of China".

“Tartaria, a huge country in the northern part of Asia, bordering Siberia in the north and west: which is called Great Tartary. Those Tartars living south of Muscovy and Siberia are called Astrakhan, Cherkasy and Dagestan, those living in the northwest of the Caspian Sea are called Kalmyk Tartars and which occupy the territory between Siberia and the Caspian Sea; Uzbek Tartars and Mongols, who live north of Persia and India, and, finally, Tibetans, living northwest of China.”

“The map of Asia from the Atlas of 1787 indicates Russian Tartary (T.R.), Free Tartary (T.I.) and Chinese Tartary (T.C.).”

“By the end of the 19th century, most of the territory once called “Great Tartaria” became part of the Russian Empire. The only exceptions were Manchuria, Mongolia, East Turkestan and Tibet, captured by China.”

Independent researchers claim the following about the great “Chinese” wall:

The “Chinese” wall was built not by the Chinese, but by the rulers of Great Tartary. The loopholes on a significant part of the wall are directed not to the north, but to the south. And you can climb the wall only from the north side.

This is clearly visible not only in the most ancient, unreconstructed sections of the wall, but even in recent photographs and works of Chinese drawing.”

“The origin of the word “China” comes from the Russian “whale” - a string of poles that were used in the construction of fortifications; Thus, the name of the Moscow district “China City” was given in a similar way back in the 16th century, that is, before the official knowledge of China.”

“Tracing the stages of construction of the “Chinese” wall, based on the data of Chinese scientists, is extremely interesting. From them it is clear that Chinese scientists who call the wall “Chinese” are not very concerned about the fact that the Chinese people themselves did not take any part in its construction: every time another section of the wall was built, the Chinese state was far from the construction sites.”

“The construction time of the “Chinese” wall is divided into several stages, in which:

Non-Chinese began building the first section in 445 BC, and, having built by 221 BC, stopped the advance of the Chinese to the north and west;

The second section was built by non-Chinese from Northern Wei between 386 and 576;

The third section was built by non-Chinese between 1066 and 1234. two rapids: one at 2100 - 2500 km, and the second at 1500 - 2000 km north of the borders of China, passing at that time along the Yellow River;

The fourth and final section was built by the Russians between 1366 and 1644. along the 40th parallel - the southernmost section - it represented the border between Russia and China of the Qing Dynasty."

The “Chinese” wall was built as a military-defensive structure marking the border between two countries - China and Great Tartaria. Today, the “Chinese” wall is located inside China and demonstrates the illegality of Chinese citizens in the territories located north of the wall, even regardless of who built the “Chinese” wall.”

“Cartographers of the 18th century depicted on maps only those objects that were relevant to the political delimitation of countries. On the 18th century map of Asia produced by the Royal Academy in Amsterdam, the border between Tartarie and China runs along the 40th parallel, that is, exactly along the “Chinese” wall.

“On the 1754 map “Carte de I" Asie” the “Chinese” wall also runs along the border between Great Tartary and China.”

“The academic 10-volume World History presents a map of the Qing Empire of the second half of the 17th - 18th centuries, which depicts in detail the “Chinese” wall, running exactly along the border between Russia and China.”

"L. N. Gumilyov wrote about the “Chinese” wall: “When the work was completed, it turned out that all the armed forces of China were not enough to organize an effective defense on the wall. In fact, if you place a small detachment on each tower, the enemy will destroy it before the neighbors have time to gather and send help. If large detachments are spaced out less frequently, gaps will form through which the enemy can easily and unnoticed penetrate deep into the country. A fortress without defenders is not a fortress.”

“The name ‘Chinese’ wall means ‘wall demarcating from China’, similar to the Chinese border, Finnish border and the like.”

“The Slavic-Aryan Empire, which existed until 1775, was called Great Tartary in the past. The empire officially ceased to exist after its defeat in the war, while in official history this fact is falsely designated as the suppression of the uprising of Emelyan Pugachev.”

“There is a unique handwritten book of genealogies of the royal and royal families of Europe. There are also the rulers of Great Tartary.”

Here is what is known about the Tatars (tartars):

"The Chinese called Tatars ( yes-tribute) all nomads of the eastern part of the Great Steppe, regardless of their actual ethnicity. Chinese medieval historians divided the Tatars, in a broad sense, into three parts:

White Tatars are nomads living south of the Gobi Desert along the Great Wall of China.

The Black Tatars lived in the steppe and were engaged in cattle breeding.

Wild Tatars are South Siberian tribes of hunters and fishermen (forest peoples), including the Uriankhai.”

Here's what Arab sources say about Siberians:

“Arsania (pronunciation options from Arabic - Artania, Artonia) - according to Arabic sources of the 10th century, one of the three centers of the Rus, along with Kuyavia (Kyiv) and Slavia (Novgorod).

The information goes back to the lost work of the geographer al-Balkhi, written around 920, and is reproduced by his followers Istakhri, Ibn Hawqal and a number of later authors Khudud al-alam, Al-Idrisi and others. It is reported that the Arsans have their own ruler, whose residence is the city of Arsa. They do not allow foreigners to come to them and are engaged in trade themselves, sailing to Kyiv and trading in lead and sables.”

Ibn Haukal, “Kitab al-masalik wa-l-mamalik”, 970s:

“And there are three groups of Russians. The first group is closest to the Bulgar, and their king is in a city called Cuiaba, and it is larger than the Bulgar. And the highest (chief) group of them is called al-Slaviya, and their king is in the city of Salau, the (third) group of them is called al-Arsaniya, and their king sits in Ars, their city. And people with trading purposes reach Cuyaba and its region. As for Arsa, I have not heard anyone mention that foreigners reached it, for they (its inhabitants) kill all foreigners who come to them. They themselves go down on the water to trade and do not report anything about their affairs and their goods and do not allow anyone to follow them and enter their country. And they take out from Arsa black sables, black foxes and tin and a certain number of slaves.”

“In light of this, L.N. Gumilyov’s statement that the rapid advance of the Russians (Ermak, Khabarov and others) with insignificant forces from the Urals to the Pacific Ocean takes on a different meaning only due to the fact that the local indigenous population accepted them as the heirs of Artania "

Let us give the word about the ancestors of the Siberians to the most modern and accurate science:

“Four thousand years ago in southern Siberia there lived people with stereotypically “Aryan” blue eyes and blond hair. Scientists were able to read the appearance of ancient Siberians in DNA extracted from the preserved bones of the Andronovo culture.

At the beginning of the 20th century, unusual Bronze Age burials were found in the Siberian village of Andronovo near Achinsk. As it turned out later, these were the graves of the bearers of one of the most amazing archaeological cultures that ever existed in the south of the modern Krasnoyarsk Territory - Andronovo.

The Andronovo culture is the general name for a group of closely related Bronze Age archaeological cultures spanning the period from approximately 2300 to 1000 BC. e. Western Siberia, western part of Central Asia, Southern Urals. The name comes from the village of Andronovo near Achinsk, where the first burials were discovered in 1914.

The main domestic animals were horses and cows; sheep and goats were also domesticated. Primitive agriculture was present. People of the Andronovo culture mastered metallurgy. Deposits of copper ore were developed in the Altai Mountains, as well as in Kazakhstan.

Andronovo and related cultures appeared at the end of the 3rd millennium BC. e. and existed for more than a thousand years on a vast steppe territory from the Urals in the west to the Sayans in the east and from the Pamirs in the south to the endless Siberian taiga in the north. The invention of wheel spokes, the development of the first copper ore deposits in Altai, and the emergence of the Indo-Iranian or Aryan “race” are associated with the Andronovo culture.

But scientists still couldn’t really say what the “ancestors of the Aryans” looked like.

The shape and size of the various skeletal bones and skull fragments quite clearly indicate a European (in the modern sense of the word) rather than an Asian, Mongoloid appearance. These proportions were also preserved in the outlines of some bronze jewelry.

And if you believe the theories about the origin of the Indo-Iranians from the carriers of the Andronovo culture, then we can assume that among the ancient inhabitants of the Krasnoyarsk region there were quite a few stereotypical “Aryans” - blue-eyed, pale, with golden hair. This is indicated by the few descriptions of the inhabitants of those places that have reached us (which, however, date back to the end of the Andronovo culture), and by some surviving archaeological monuments. But what they looked like was unclear - neither eyes nor hair are preserved in graves as long as bones.

Now we know that almost all external signs can be restored from one single molecule, copies of which are found in all cells of the body - including those that once became bones that have survived to this day. And now, thanks to the development of DNA reading technology - even very poorly preserved ones - we can finally restore the color of the skin, eyes and hair of the Andronovo culture carriers, given by their genetic code.

French scientists led by Caroline Bouakaz from the Institute of Forensic Medicine at the University of Strasbourg conducted exactly the same research and found that at least 60% of the “proto-Aryans” who lived in Russia actually had blue eyes.

Well, either green, or something in between. And apparently, most of them had pale skin and blond hair, the authors of an article published in the International Journal of Legal Medicine conclude a little less confidently. They managed to genotype 25 bones several thousand years old using ten genetic markers on four chromosomes. And the lack of confidence is explained by the fact that geneticists have probably not yet found all those gene variations that together determine the color of our eyes, hair and skin.

Using all 10 markers, scientists analyzed the DNA of 36 of our contemporaries from Europe, Africa and Asia with different skin, eye and hair colors, as well as DNA samples drilled from the bones of ancient Siberians - carriers of the Andronovo, Karasuk, Tagar and Tashtyk cultures.

According to contemporaries, scientists have identified combinations of genetic variants that most accurately identify a person's appearance and ancestry, and applied them to ancient bones. The complete 10-marker genetic “portrait” was never repeated and did not coincide with that of any of the employees of the French laboratory; this convinced scientists that we were not talking about genetic “contamination” of the samples.

Of the 25 prehistoric Siberians, only two turned out to be “Asians”, one - an approximately equal mixture of “Asian” and “European”. All the rest are “purebred Europeans”.

Most of them had blue or green eyes, pale skin and blond or red hair."

“Let us also recall that Altai antiquities, especially the treasures of the Pazyrsk mounds (1929, 1947-49) were at one time classified as Scythian culture. But the 1993 discoveries of Academician V.I. Molodin and Professor N.V. Polosmak on the Ukok Plateau presented as a surprise the “Altai Princess” and the “Red Warrior,” who turned out to be not Scythians at all, although their faces were of a European type. The red hair of a warrior of ancient Altai evokes information about other red, blond and blond people.”

“In approximately these same territories, and further to the East, the Wusuns lived from the 3rd century BC to the 3rd century AD. According to Chinese authors, the Wusuns were the ancestors of the Olos (Russians). True, among the Chinese authors, similar external features are characteristic of the neighbors of the Wusuns - the Yenisei Tatars (Kyrgyz), the ancestors of the modern Khakass - a people of the European type.

It is interesting that, according to Chinese sources, the Khakass were ruled for a long time by a prince from the Khyrgys clan, founded in the 6th century by people of the Pajo tribe, who brought writing with them. But the Selkups (one of the indigenous peoples of Western Siberia) used the word “pajo” to call the Russian Cheldons!

The “Chinese News...” provides the following description of the Cheldon-Wusuns: “In Han times, the Wusuns... possessed both the customs of the nomads of the northern countries and the merchants of the Western region. Nowadays, the Olos are intermediaries between Mongolia and Europe; they also have at the same time the customs of the nomads of the northern countries and the traders of the Western Territory.”

“And here are the Chinese characteristics of the appearance of Russian Siberians of that time: “... they are people with blue sunken eyes, a prominent nose, a yellow (red) curly beard and a long body; They have a lot of strength, but they like to sleep and when they sleep, they do not wake up immediately. They are skilled in foot combat... and are not afraid of bows and arrows.”

“Here expresses the special view of Chinese scientists on the Russians, as a people originally associated with Asia and who have been China’s neighbors for a long time (long before the beginning of the new era”).

Now about the Mongol-Tatars:

“According to Gumilyov, the Mongols never even heard of some Genghis Khan, that they once ruled the world. Not a single epic, not a single legend remains in their people's memory. This was all a pleasant surprise for them, which they agreed with. “Mogul” is “great” in Greek, it has nothing to do with Mongolia, it was “Great Tartary”.

“The main primary sources of the myth about the Golden Horde, the Tatar-Mongol Empire and Genghis Khan are:

1. The heroic epic of Genghis Khan (Shyngyskhan), published in Beijing in 1240. The Chinese translated the epic without the verses in it and called the epic “Yuan Chao Bi Shi” - the history of the Yuan state. The epic, on the instructions of Stalin, with large falsifications in favor of the Mongolian origin of Genghis Khan, was translated by S. A. Kozin and gave it the falsified title “The Secret Legend of the Mongols.” Mongolian scientists translated the original source from Kozin's falsified translation and further complicated the task of finding the truth. Based on an unrecognizably altered translation of the epic, Mongolian “historians” published about 800 books on the history of Genghis Khan.

2. The second primary source on the history of Genghis Khan and the history of the state of Genghis Khan is the collection “Jamigat-at-Tauarakh” by Rashid ad-Din, published in 1305. This collection is translated into Russian as “Collection of Chronicles”, called by historians as “Chronicle of the Turks”. The books of Rashid ad-Din leave no chance for Mongol scholars to consider Genghis Khan a Mongol or a Chinese.

3. Chronicle of Ibn Al-Athir, who was a contemporary of Genghis Khan. The chronicle mentions the Tatars, Naimans, and Zhalairs, but not the Mongols.

“But here are the questions raised by one researcher, a Tatar by nationality:

Since childhood, from school history lessons, we have heard and discussed the “Tatar-Mongol yoke.” Many Russians are offended and incomprehensible how Rus' could be conquered and held for three hundred years by nomadic tribes, and moreover, from Mongolia! There is still no reasonable answer. Yes, and it cannot be. Any myth, no matter how skillfully it is created, is always doomed to be unsubstantiated.

But here are the serious and paradoxical questions that modern objective historians have on this topic:

1. Why were there no Mongols in the “Mongol army”, and why were Genghis Khan and Batu described as people with the appearance of Europeans?

2. Why did the “Mongolian” cavalry ride horses of a non-Mongolian breed?

3. Why did “The Tale of the Destruction of the Russian Land,” supposedly telling about the “Mongol” invasion, turn out to be cut off just where the details should have begun?

4. Why did the “Mongols,” supposedly born steppe inhabitants, fight so confidently in the forests?

5. Why did the “Mongols,” contrary to the customs of nomads, invade Rus' in winter?

6. Why did the steppe nomads need a senseless invasion of mountainous Georgia?

7. Why doesn’t Lyzlov, one of the most educated people of his time, mention Nestor and The Tale of Bygone Years? And also about the “great Mongol Empire”, which once stretched from Beijing to the Volga?

8. Why are the “Mongol-Tatars” the only nomadic people known in history who, in a matter of years, learned to use the most complex military equipment of that time, as well as to take cities?

9. Why do many Russian and Western historians persistently insist that the Polovtsians and Tatars belong to Europeans, Slavs, and sedentary peoples?

10. Why do Batu’s actions in almost everything repeat the actions of Vsevolod the Big Nest?

11. Why did the Tatars, who were so favorably disposed towards Christianity (and themselves in significant numbers Christians), execute the Russian princes for “insulting pagan rites”?

12. Why did Batu entrust the representation of himself at the most important Horde event, the election of the Great Hagan, to one of the many small appanage princes he conquered?

13. Why do the “Horde nobles” often deal exclusively with Russian affairs?

14. Why did the “greedy for prey Tatars,” preoccupied primarily with robbery, waste long weeks besieging tiny poor towns like Kozelsk, but never disturbed the richest Smolensk and Novgorod?

15. Why did the Tatars, who invaded Europe, fight only with those countries that supported the pope in the conflict between the pope and the German emperor? Why did the Tatars, supposedly tolerant of all religions, greet the pope's envoys so unkindly?

16. What made the Tatars, instead of flat Germany, where it is much more convenient for cavalry to operate, turn to mountainous and much poorer Croatia?

17. Why did Daniil Galitsky, “fighting against the Tatars,” ravage and burn exclusively Russian cities?

18. Why did Daniil Galitsky, for twenty-six years, never try to find allies among the Russian princes in the fight against the Tatars?

19. Why did the “Horde Murzas” often bear Russian, Christian names?

20. Why did the Baskaks appear in Russian cities only 19 years after the conquest of Rus'?

21. Where did the great empire supposedly stretch from the Volga to the Chinese seas disappear with the death of Batu? Where are its archives, loot, palaces, fortresses, descendants of numerous captives?

22. Why during the “Batu invasion” not a single church hierarch was injured - except for the “stranger” - the Greek?

23. How to explain the appearance of a double-headed eagle on Janibek’s coins?

24. How can we explain the amazing persistence of the legend about the “kingdom of Prester John,” which persisted in the West for more than two hundred years?

25. Why did the “ardent propagator of Islam” Uzbek ask the Orthodox metropolitan in writing to pray for him, his relatives, his kingdom?

26. Why were there practically no Tatars in the “horde of Mamai”, and why were Mamai’s subjects definitely a sedentary people?

27. Why did Ivan III have to be pushed out with great effort into the battle with Akhmat?

28. Why was the title “tsar” considered Tatar for several hundred years?

29. Why do commentators refer to the term “filthy” only to the Tatars, although it is clear that it was also used in relation to Russian robbers?

30. Why was the “harmless puppet” Simeon Bekbulatovich subjected to such cruel persecution after the death of Grozny?

31. Why did the Tatar cavalry play a supporting role in the Battle of Grunwald, although it was credited with the main role in the battle?

32. Where is at least one direct mention in history of the battle of pagans with Christians? Just don’t say that Rus' became Christian without resistance!

33. How did the nomadic people manage to enslave forest Rus'?

We witnessed how history was reshaped. Personally, I am now convinced that there was no Mongol-Tatar yoke at all , and there was a long confrontation between the pagans and those who converted to Orthodoxy.

And the so-called “Mongol-Tatar yoke” is an official Orthodox myth, an ideology created later. Since then, with the help of Orthodox priests, Rus' began to be presented as “holy”, “unhappy”, “offended”, white and fluffy, and everything bad, all the negativity and all crimes - predatory campaigns, quitrents, etc. are attributed to the Tatars and to the Mongols. By the way, the Mongols are also surprised by the fantasies of Russian “historians”, but are proud of the “enslaver of Rus'” who has fallen upon them, out of nowhere, in the person of Genghis Khan.

And here is the opinion of another Tatar researcher:

“Once upon a time our common country was called the “Golden Mean”, in Tatar - “Altyn Urta”, and not “horde”. The Tatars did not collect any “tribute” from the Russians - these were ordinary state taxes. The image of the enemy in the person of the Tatars is a myth to distract ordinary people from social problems.”

Now, if we assume that the Manchus were one of the peoples of Great Tartary, then logically it turns out that they conquered China in order to protect the territory of Great Tartary from the advance of the Chinese population itself to the North.

“The Manchus are a Ural-Altai people, the indigenous population of Northeast China (Manchuria). In 1641 they conquered China, creating the Qing dynasty. After the conquest of China by the Manchu tribes, the previous Chinese Ming dynasty was overthrown."

“The Qing Dynasty was founded in 1616 by the Manchu clan of Aisin Gioro. For less than 30 years, all of China and part of Central Asia came under her rule, after which the “Great Qing Empire” was proclaimed.

“And although the conquerors proclaimed their power throughout China, their historical homeland, Manchuria, was not fully integrated with China, which became part of the Qing Empire, maintaining legal and ethnic differences.”

“During the Qing reign, Chinese territory expanded into Xinjiang and Tibet. As a result of the Xinhai Revolution of 1911, the Qing Dynasty was overthrown and the Republic of China was proclaimed.”

But even before 1911, the Manchus tried to transfer all the territories north of the “Chinese” wall to the Russian Empire, which at that moment was trying to regain all the lands of Great Tartary, that is, to restore the original historical position. But this, as always, was prevented by the Great British Empire. Judge for yourself:

“The weakening of the Qing Empire in the 19th century led to increased Russian influence in Manchuria, which was gradually subordinated to the sphere of Russian commercial and political interests.”

“Russia showed significant interest in the northern territories of the Qing Empire and in 1858, under the Treaty of Beijing, gained control over the territories called Outer Manchuria in China (modern Primorsky Krai, Amur Region, southern Khabarovsk Krai and the Jewish Autonomous Region).”

“The further weakening of the Qing government led to the strengthening of Russia also in Inner Manchuria, where the Chinese Eastern Railway was built, running along the route Harbin - Vladivostok.”

“In 1898, under the Russo-Chinese Convention, Russia leased the Liaodong Peninsula and adjacent islands from China, fortified Port Arthur and built the commercial port of Dalniy, which were connected by rail to the East China Line to Vladivostok.

In 1900, as a result of the Boxer Uprising, the CER region in Manchuria was occupied by Russian troops.

In 1903, Russia established the Viceroyalty of the Far East in Port Arthur.

The Russian government then considered a project to consolidate Manchuria as “Zheltorossiya”, the basis of which was to be the Kwantung Region established in 1899, the right of way of the Chinese Eastern Railway, the formation of a new Cossack army and the settlement of Russian colonists.

The claims of Japan, under the auspices of the Great British Empire, to Manchuria and Korea and the refusal of the Russian Empire to withdraw Russian troops from Manchuria and Korea in violation of the alliance treaty led to the Russo-Japanese War of 1904–1905, the area of ​​military operations of which was the entire southern Manchuria to Mukden .

The result of the war was that Russian influence in Manchuria was replaced by Japanese. According to the Treaty of Portsmouth, the Liaodong Peninsula with the Kwantung Region and the Russian Railway (SMZD) from Kuanchenzi (Changchun) to Port Arthur went to Japan.”

In fact, following the results of World War II, the USSR could have claimed to annex “Zheltorossiya” - the Kwantung Region - to its territory, but the pro-British Bolshevik nomenklatura, of course, did not demand this.

“The Kwantung region was formed in 1899 from the territory, according to the Russian-Chinese convention of 1898, which was transferred by China for lease use to the Russian Empire for 25 years.

After World War II, the USSR renewed its lease of the Kwantung Region. On February 14, 1950, an agreement was concluded with China on the withdrawal of Soviet troops from Port Arthur and the transfer of structures in the area to China after the signing of an agreement with Japan, but no later than the end of 1952. On September 15, 1952, after an exchange of notes between China and the USSR, the deadline for the withdrawal of Soviet troops was extended until the conclusion of peace treaties between China and Japan, and the USSR and Japan. The withdrawal of Soviet troops and the transfer of territory to Chinese jurisdiction was completed in May 1955."

Now we are retreating more and more from Siberia and the Far East towards Moscow. There, in the capital and around it, social conditions are specially created with a plus, and in Siberia and the Far East they are specially created with a minus - and the process of internal migration goes in the desired, Moscow, direction. Slowly but surely.

And the Chinese are actively advancing to the North, leaving our former border along the “Chinese” wall far behind.

This is not happening by accident - it is the result of the conscious policy of the remnants of the pro-British Bolshevik nomenclature entrenched around the Kremlin, as well as their masters, who have lost their empire, but not their ambitions. The goal of their agreed policy is to transfer Siberia and the Far East to China in the medium-term historical perspective.

And so that the process of our retreat in historical terms is not too visual and obvious, the nomenklatura needs to hide at all costs the real history of our country - Great Tartaria.

After all, all the arguments of independent researchers are very easy to verify, this is what honest scientists should do, but for some reason none of the representatives of official academic science is going to do this. This means that the whole problem is for “dirty” political purposes.

However, everyone has long known that our Academy of Sciences is only part of the pro-British Bolshevik nomenclature, designed to serve the selfish interests of its masters.

Someone will try to reasonably object - any territorial changes can only occur by agreement of the world elites, because China does not even take defenseless Mongolia, and we, after all, have nuclear weapons, we should not give anything away so easily.

But someone, no less justifiably, will bring other arguments - right now, before our eyes, the basis for such agreements is being prepared - your rights (the rights of the Russian people) have not been violated, you yourself do not want to live in Siberia and Far East, you yourself, voluntarily, gathered in Moscow and the Moscow region, no one forced you, now the main population of Siberia is still Chinese, and so on.

8. Everything from the beginning...

6 (70). The Gods of the Race will save the righteous people
and the Power of Heaven will carry them to the east,
to the lands of people with skin the color of Darkness...

So, in a relatively short period of time (over the lifetime of just a few generations), our enemies managed to almost completely remove from everyday life all information about our truly Great Motherland, about our truly heroic ancestors who fought against Evil for many hundreds of thousands of years. And instead, the Zionist gang taught many of us that the Russians were wild people, and only the civilization of the West helped them get out of the trees in which they supposedly lived and joyfully follow the enlightened world into a bright future.

In fact, everything is exactly the opposite! Our entire site is dedicated to debunking this big lie about Rus' and the Russians. And some fun facts about the “enlightened” and “civilized” West can be read in the article "Medieval Europe. Touches to the portrait"(part 1 and part 2). When enemies began to bite off small pieces from the western part of Great Tartaria and create separate states from them in Europe, everything there quickly began to decline. The Christian religion, which ousted the Vedic worldview from the conquered peoples with fire and sword, quickly turned people into stupid, wordless slaves. This process and its phenomenal results are very well described in the article “Christianity as a Weapon of Mass Destruction”. So, it is simply unlawful to talk about any enlightened and civilized West. There was no such thing! At first there was no “West” itself in our today’s understanding of this term, and when it appeared, it could not be, and was not, enlightened and civilized due to completely objective reasons!

* * *

However, let's return to Tartary. The fact that Europeans were very well aware of the existence of various Tartaries is also evidenced by numerous medieval geographical maps. One of the first such maps is the map of Russia, Muscovy and Tartaria, compiled by the English diplomat Anthony Jenkinson (Anthony Jenkinson), who was the first plenipotentiary ambassador of England to Muscovy from 1557 to 1571, and also a representative of the Moscow company (Muscovy Company)- an English trading company founded by London merchants in 1555. Jenkinson was the first Western European traveler to describe the coast of the Caspian Sea and Central Asia during his expedition to Bukhara in 1558-1560. The result of these observations was not only official reports, but also the most detailed map at that time of areas that were practically inaccessible to Europeans until that time.

Tartary is also in the solid world Mercator-Hondius Atlas of the early 17th century. Jodocus Hondius (Jodocus Hondius, 1563-1612)- a Flemish engraver, cartographer and publisher of atlases and maps in 1604 bought printed forms of Mercator’s world atlas, added about forty of his own maps to the atlas and published an expanded edition in 1606 under the authorship of Mercator, and listed himself as the publisher.

Abraham Ortelius (Abraham Ortelius, 1527-1598)- Flemish cartographer, compiled the world's first geographical atlas, consisting of 53 large format maps with detailed explanatory geographical texts, which was printed in Antwerp on May 20, 1570. The atlas was named Theatrum Orbis Terrarum(lat. Spectacle of the globe) and reflected the state of geographical knowledge at that point in time.

Tartary appears on both the Dutch map of Asia of 1595 and on the 1626 map of John Speed (John Speed, 1552-1629) English historian and cartographer who published the world's first British cartographic atlas of the world, "Review of the World's Most Famous Places" (A Prospect of the Most Famous Parts of the World). Please note that on many maps the Chinese wall is clearly visible, and China itself is located behind it, and before it was the territory of Chinese Tartaria (Chinese Tartary).

Let's look at a few more foreign cards. Dutch map of Great Tartary, Great Mogul Empire, Japan and China (Magnae Tartariae, Magni Mogolis Imperii, Iaponiae et Chinae, Nova Descriptio (Amsterdam, 1680)) Frederica de Vita (Frederik de Wit), Dutch map by Pieter Schenk (Pieter Schenk).

French map of Asia 1692 and map of Asia and Scythia (Scythia et Tartaria Asiatica) 1697.

Map of Tartary by Guillaume de Lisle (1688-1768), French astronomer and cartographer, member of the Paris Academy of Sciences (1702). He also published a world atlas (1700-1714). In 1725-47 he worked in Russia, was an academician and the first director of the academic astronomical observatory, and from 1747 - a foreign honorary member of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences.

We have presented only a few of the many maps that clearly indicate the existence of a country whose name cannot be found in any modern textbook on the history of our country. How impossible it is to find any information about the people who inhabited it. Oh ta R Tarakhs, who are now called Tatars by all and sundry and are classified as Mongoloids. In this regard, it is very interesting to look at the images of these “Tatars”. We will have to turn again to European sources. The famous book is very indicative in this case "The Travels of Marco Polo"- that’s what they called her in England. In France it was called "The Book of the Great Khan", in other countries “The Book about the Diversity of the World” or simply “The Book”. The Italian merchant and traveler himself entitled his manuscript “Description of the World.” Written in Old French rather than Latin, it became popular throughout Europe.

In it, Marco Polo (1254-1324) describes in detail the history of his travels across Asia and his 17-year stay at the court of the “Mongol” Khan Kublai Khan. Leaving aside the question of the reliability of this book, we will direct our attention to the fact how Europeans portrayed the “Mongols” in the Middle Ages.

As we see, there is nothing Mongolian in the appearance of the “Mongolian” Great Khan Kublai Khan. On the contrary, he and his entourage look quite Russian, one might even say European.

Oddly enough, the tradition of depicting the Mongols and Tatars in such a strange European form has continued to be preserved. And in the 17th, and in the 18th, and in the 19th centuries, Europeans stubbornly continued to depict the “Tatars” from Tartaria with all the signs of people of the White Race. Look, for example, at how the French cartographer and engineer Male depicted the “Tatars” and “Mongols” (Allain Manesson Mallet)(1630-1706), whose drawings were printed in Frankfurt in 1719. Or an engraving from 1700 depicting a Tartar princess and a Tartar prince.

From the first edition of the Encyclopedia Britannica it follows that at the end of the 18th century there were several countries on our planet that had the word Tartary. In Europe, numerous engravings of the 16th-18th and even the beginning of the 19th centuries have been preserved, depicting citizens of this country - Tartars. It is noteworthy that medieval European travelers called Tartars the peoples who lived on a vast territory that occupied most of the continent of Eurasia. With surprise we see images of oriental tartars, Chinese tartars, Tibetan tartars, Nogai tartars, Kazan tartars, small tartars, Chuvash tartars, Kalmyk tartars, Cherkasy tartars, tartars of Tomsk, Kuznetsk, Achinsk, etc.

Above are engravings from books Thomas Jeffrey (Thomas Jefferys) “Catalogue of national costumes of different peoples, ancient and modern”, London, 1757-1772. in 4 volumes (A Collection of the Dresses of Different Nations, Antient and Modern) and Jesuit travel collections Antoine Francois Prevost (Antoine-Francois Prevost d'Exiles 1697-1763) entitled "Histoire Generale Des Voyages", published in 1760.

Let's look at a few more engravings depicting the various Tartars who lived in the territory Great Tartaria from a book by a German, professor of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences Johan Gottlieb Georgi (Johann Gottlieb Georgi 1729-1802) "Russia, or a complete historical account of all the peoples living in this Empire" (Russia or a compleat historical account of all the nations which compose that Empire) London, 1780. It contains sketches of the national costumes of Tartar women from Tomsk, Kuznetsk and Achinsk.

“The reason for the appearance of so many Tartarians is the spin-off from the Slavic-Aryan Empire (Great Tartary) outlying provinces, as a consequence of the weakening of the Empire as a result of the invasion of the Dzungar hordes, which captured and completely destroyed the capital of this Empire - Asgard-Irian in 7038 AD or 1530 AD.”

Tartary in Dubville's "World Geography"

Recently we came across another encyclopedia that talks about our Motherland, Great Tartary - the largest country in the world. This time the encyclopedia turned out to be French, edited, as we would say today, by the royal geographer Duval Dubville (DuVal d'Abbwille). Its name is long and sounds like this: “World Geography containing descriptions, maps and coats of arms of the main countries of the world” (La Geographie Universelle contenant Les Descriptions, les Сartes, et le Blason des principaux Pais du Monde). Published in Paris in 1676, 312 pages with maps. In what follows we will simply call it "World Geography".

Below we present to you a description of the article about Tartaria from “World Geography” in the form in which it is given in the Puzzles library, from where we copied it:

“This ancient book is the first volume of a geographical atlas with accompanying articles describing contemporary states around the world. The second volume was the geography of Europe. But this volume has apparently sunk into history. The book is made in a pocket format measuring 8x12 cm and about 3 cm thick. The cover is made of papier-mâché, covered with thin leather with gold embossing of a floral pattern along the spine and ends of the cover. The book contains 312 numbered, bound pages of text, 7 unnumbered bound title pages, 50 pasted unfolded sheets of maps, one pasted sheet - a list of maps, among which, by the way, European countries are also listed. On the first spread of the book there is a bookplate containing the coat of arms and the inscriptions: "ExBibliotheca" And "Marchionatus: Pinczoviensis". The dating of the book is written in Arabic numerals 1676 and Roman “M.D C.LXXVI”.

"World Geography" is a unique historical document in the field of cartography and is of great importance for all countries of the world in the field of history, geography, linguistics, and chronology. It is noteworthy that in this geography, of all countries (excluding European ones), only two are called empires. This Empire of Tartary (Empire de Tartarie) on the territory of modern Siberia, and Mughal Empire (Empire Du Mogol) on the territory of modern India. In Europe, one empire is indicated - Turkish (Empire des Turcs). But, if in modern history you can easily find information about the Great Mogul Empire, then Tartary, as an empire, is not mentioned in textbooks either on world or domestic history, or in materials on the history of Siberia. 7 countries have coats of arms, including Empire of Tartary. Interesting combinations of geographical names that have survived to this day and have sunk into time. For example, on the map of Tartaria, it borders in the south with CHINE(modern China), and nearby on the territory of Tartary, behind the Great Wall of China, there is an area named CATHAI , a little higher is the lake Lak Kithay and locality Kithaisko. The first volume includes the contents of the second volume - the geography of Europe, which, in particular, indicates Muscovy (Mofcovie) as an independent state.

This book is also of interest to historical linguists. It is written in Old French, but, for example, the use of the letters V and U, which are often substituted for each other in geographical names, has not yet been established. For example, titles AVSTRALE And AUSTRALES on one insert sheet between 10-11 s. And the letter “s” in many places is replaced by the letter “f”, which, by the way, was the main reason for the difficulty of translating the text by specialists who do not know about such a replacement. For example, the name of Asia in some places was written as Afia. Or the word desert desert written as defert. The letter "B" from the Slavic alphabet is clearly corrected to "B" from the Latin, for example, on the map of Zimbabwe. And so on".

Below is the semantic translation of the article "Tartaria" from Dubville's "World Geography" (pp. 237-243). The translation from Middle French was made by Elena Lyubimova especially for “The Cave”.

We have placed this material here not because it contains some unique information. Not at all. It's just placed here as one more thing. irrefutable evidence that Great Tartary - the Motherland of the Rus - existed in reality. You also need to keep in mind that this encyclopedia was published in the 17th century, when the distortion of world history by the enemies of Humanity was almost universally completed. Therefore, one should not be surprised at some inconsistencies in it, such as the fact that “the Chinese wall was built by the Chinese.” The Chinese are not able to build such a wall today, and even more so then...

Tartary

Occupies the most extensive territory in the north of the continent. In the east it extends to the country Yesso(1), the area of ​​which is equal to the area of ​​Europe, since in length it occupies more than half of the northern hemisphere, and in width it is much larger than East Asia. The name itself Tartary, which replaced Scythia, comes from the Tatar River, which the Chinese call Tata because they do not use the letter R.

The Tartars are the best archers in the world, but are barbarically cruel. They fight often and almost always defeat those they attack, leaving the latter confused. The Tartars were forced to surrender: Cyrus, when he crossed the Araks; Darius Hystaspes, when he went to war against the Scythians of Europe; Alexander the Great when he crossed the Oxus (Oxus)[modern Amu Darya. – E.L.]. And in our times, the Great Kingdom of China could not escape their domination. Cavalry is the main striking force of their numerous armies, contrary to what is practiced in Europe. She is the one who attacks first. The most peaceful of them live in felt tents and keep livestock, doing nothing else.

At all times their country has been the source of many conquerors and founders of colonies in many countries: and even the great wall which the Chinese have built against them is not able to stop them. They are ruled by princes they call hanami. They are divided into several Hordes - these are something like our districts, camps, tribes or clan councils, but this is what little we know about them like what their common name is Tartars. The object of their great worship is owl, after Genghis, one of their sovereigns, was saved with the help of this bird. They don't want anyone to know where they are buried, so each of them chooses a tree and someone who will hang them on it after their death.

They are mainly idolaters, but there are also a large number of Mohammedans among them; we learned that those who conquered China almost do not profess any special religion, although they adhere to several moral virtues. As a rule, Asian Tartaria is usually divided into five large parts: Desert Tartaria (Tartaree Desert), Çağatay (Giagathi), Turkestan (Turquestan), Northern Tartaria (Tartarie Septentrionale) And Kim Tartaria (Tartare du Kim).

Desert Tartaria has this name because most of its land is left uncultivated. She recognizes for the most part the Grand Duke of Moscow, who receives beautiful and rich furs from there, and subjugated many people there, because this is a country of shepherds, not soldiers. Its cities of Kazan and Astrakhan are located on the Volga, which flows into the Caspian Sea with 70 mouths, in contrast to the Ob, which flows in the same country, and which flows into the Ocean with only six. Astrakhan conducts an extensive trade in salt, which the residents extract from the mountain. Kalmyks are idolaters and are similar to the ancient Scythians due to raids, cruelty and other traits.

Chagatai peoples (Giagathai) And Mavaralnahi (Mawaralnahr) have their own khans. Samarkand is the city in which the great Tamerlane established a famous university. They also have a trading city called Bokor (Bockor), which is considered the birthplace of the famous Avicenna, philosopher and physician, and Orkan (Orchange) almost on the Caspian Sea. Alexandria of Sogd became famous because of the death there of the famous philosopher Callisthenes. (Callisthene).

Mughal tribe (de Mogol) known from the origin of their prince of the same name, who rules over the greater part of India. The inhabitants there hunt wild horses with falcons; in several parts they are so disposed and so inclined towards music that we have observed their little ones singing instead of playing. Those of the Chagatais and Uzbeks (d"Yousbeg) who are not called Tartars are Mohammedans.

Turkestan is the country from which the Turks came. Tibet supplies musk, cinnamon and coral, which act as money for local residents.

Kim(n) Tartaria is one of the names used to call Katay (Cathai), which is the largest state of Tartaria, for it is heavily populated, full of rich and beautiful cities. Its capital is called Flounder (Сambalu)(2) or more often Manchu (Muoncheu): some authors talked about wonderful cities, the most famous of which are called Hangzhou (Quinzai), Xantum (?), Suntien (?) And Beijing (Pequim): They report on other things that are in the Royal Palace - twenty-four columns of pure gold and another - the largest of the same metal with a pine cone, made of cut precious stones, with which you can buy four large cities. We took a trip to Katay (Cathai) different roads, in the hope of finding there gold, musk, rhubarb (3), and other rich goods: some went by land, others by the northern sea, and some again ascended the Ganges (4).

The Tartars of this country entered China in our time, and the king Niuche(5), which is called Xunchi, is the one who conquered him at the age of twelve, following the good and faithful advice of his two uncles. Fortunately, the young conqueror was distinguished by great moderation and treated the newly conquered peoples with all the gentleness that one can imagine.

Old or true Tataria, which the Arabs called by different names, is located in the north and is little known. They say that Shalmaneser (Salmanasar), the king of Assyria, brought tribes from the Holy Land, which are Hordes, which to this day have retained their names and customs: both him and the imams known in ancient times, and the name of one of the largest mountains in the world.

Translator's Notes

1. The country of Esso was designated differently on French medieval maps: Terre de Jesso or Je Co. or Yesso or Terre de la Compagnie. This name was also associated with different places - sometimes with about. Hokkaido, which was depicted as part of the mainland, but mainly called the western part of North America. (See 1691 map by French cartographer Nicholas Sanson (Nicolas Sanson) 1600-1667).

2. During the Mongol Yuan Dynasty, founded by Kublai Khan, the city of Beijing was called Khanbalyk(Khan-Balyk, Kambaluk, Kabalut), which means “Great residence of the Khan”, it can be found in the notes of Marco Polo in writing Cambuluc.

3. Rhubarb- a medicinal plant widespread in Siberia. In the Middle Ages it was an export item and constituted a state monopoly. The habitats of the plant were carefully hidden. It was unknown in Europe and began to be widely cultivated only in the 18th century.

4. On medieval maps, the Liaodong Gulf was called the Ganges. (See Italian map of China from 1682 Giacomo Cantelli (Giacomo Cantelli(1643-1695) and Giovanni Giacomo di Rossi (Giovanni Giacomo de Rossi)).

5. The northeastern fragment of an Italian map of China from 1682 shows the kingdom Niuche(or Nuzhen), which is described in the description as having conquered and ruled China, which occupied the north of Liaodong and Korea, in the northeast lies the lands Yupy Tartars(or Fishskin Tartars), And Tartari del Kin or dell"Oro(Kin Tartars or Golden Tartars).

In the text of the article about Tartary there is a name called great. We found several engravings of him. It is interesting that Europeans pronounced his name differently: Temur, Taimur, Timur Lenk, Timur i Leng, Tamerlane, Tamburlaine or Taimur e Lang.

As is known from the course of orthodox history, Tamerlane (1336-1406) - “a Central Asian conqueror who played a significant role in the history of Central, South and Western Asia, as well as the Caucasus, Volga region and Rus'. Outstanding commander, emir (since 1370). Founder of the Timurid empire and dynasty, with its capital in Samarkand".

Like Genghis Khan, today he is usually depicted as a Mongoloid. As can be seen from photographs of original medieval European engravings, Tamerlane was not at all the same as orthodox historians portray him. Engravings prove the absolute fallacy of this approach...

Tartaria in the "New Encyclopedia of Arts and Sciences"

Information about a huge country Tartary also contained in Volume 4 of the second edition "New Encyclopedia of Arts and Sciences" (A new and complete Dictionary of Arts and Sciences), published in London in 1764. On page 3166 there is a description of Tartaria, which was later included in its entirety in the first edition of the Encyclopedia Britannica, published in Edinburgh in 1771.

“TARTARY, a vast country in the northern parts of Asia, bounded by Siberia on the north and west: this is called Great Tartary. The Tartars who lie south of Muscovy and Siberia, are those of Astracan, Circassia, and Dagistan, located north-west of the Caspian-sea; the Calmuc Tartars, who lie between Siberia and the Caspian-sea; the Usbec Tartars and Moguls, who lie north of Persia and India; and lastly, those of Tibet, who lie north-west of China".

“Tartaria, a huge country in the northern part of Asia, bordering Siberia in the north and west, which is called Great Tartaria. Tartars living south of Muscovy and Siberia are called Astrakhan, Cherkasy and Dagestan, living in the northwest of the Caspian Sea are called Kalmyk Tartars and who occupy the territory between Siberia and the Caspian Sea; Uzbek Tartars and Mongols, who live north of Persia and India, and, finally, Tibetans, living northwest of China.”

Tartaria in the “World History” of Dionysius Petavius

Tartaria was also described by the founder of modern chronology, and in fact the falsification of world history, Dionysius Petavius(1583-1652) - French cardinal, Jesuit, Catholic theologian and historian. In his geographical description of the world "World History" (The History of the World: Or, an Account of Time, Together With a Geographical Description of Europe, Asia, Africa, and America), published in 1659, the following is said about Tartary (translation from Middle English by Elena Lyubimova specifically for “The Cave”):

TARTARIA(in ancient times known as Scythia, after their first ruler Scythian, who was first called Magogus(from Magog, son of Yaphet), whose descendants settled this country) is called Tartary by its inhabitants, the Mongols, after the name of the Tartarus River, which washes most of it. This is a vast Empire (incomparable in size to any country except the overseas dominions of the King of Spain, which it also surpasses and between which communications are established, while the latter is very scattered), extending for 5400 miles from east to west, and to 3600 miles from north to south; therefore its Great Khan or Emperor owns many kingdoms and provinces containing a great many good cities.

In the east it borders with China, the Xing Sea or the Eastern Ocean and the Anian Strait. In the west - mountains Imaus(Himalayan Range), although there are Tartar hordes who recognize the power of the Khan on the other side of them; in the south - the Ganges and Oxus rivers (Oxus), which we now call Abia(modern Amu Darya), Hindustan and the upper part of China, or, as some claim, with the mountain…. , the Caspian Sea and the Chinese Wall. In the north - with the Scythian or Icy Ocean, on the coast of which it is so cold that no one lives there. In addition, there is also a rich and great kingdom Katay (Cathai), in the center of which is the city of Kambalu ( Cambalu or Cunbula), stretching over 24 Italian miles along the Polisangi River (Polisangi). There are also kingdoms Tangut (Tangut), Tenduk (Tenduk), Kamul (Camul), Tainfour (Tainfur) And Tibet (Thebet), as well as the city and province of Kaindo (Caindo). However, according to general opinion, today Tartary is divided into five provinces.

1. Little Tartary (Tartaria Precopensis) is located on the Asian bank of the Tanais River (modern Don) and occupies the territory of the entire Tauride Chersonese. It has two main cities, which are called Crimea. The one in which the ruler sits is called the Tartar Crimea and Prekop, after which the country is called. These Tartars must help the Turks by sending 60,000 men without payment at the first request (if they lack people), for which the Tartars will inherit their Empire.

2. Asian Tartary or Moskovitskaya or Pustynnaya is located on the banks of the Volga River. The people there live mainly in tents and form an army called the Horde. They do not stay in one place longer than the food for their livestock in the pasture runs out, and in their movements they are guided by the North Star. Currently they are under the control of one prince, who is a tributary of Muscovy. Here are their cities: Astrakhan (under the walls of which Selim II, a Turk, was defeated by Vasily of Moscow) and Noghan (Noghan). The northernmost hordes of this country, the Nogais, are the most warlike people.

3. Ancient Tartary- the cradle of this people, from where they spread wildly throughout Asia and Europe. It runs into the Cold Ocean. The common people live in tents or under their carts. However, they have four cities. One of which is called Horace (Choras), famous for the khan’s tombs. This province is home to the Lop Desert. (Lop), where King Tabor came to persuade them to Judaism. Charles V burned it in Mantua in 1540.

4. Chagatai (Zagathai) divided into Bactria, bordered in the north and east by Sogdiana near the Oxus River, and in the south by Aria (Aria), where in ancient times there were beautiful cities - some were destroyed, and some were built by Alexander. Three of them are: Khorasan ( Chorazzan or Charassan), after whom the country is named. Bactra (Bactra), named after the river that is now called Bochara, where the ancient Pythians were born; and also Zoroaster, who in the time of Ninus [king of Babylon] was the first king of that land, and who is credited with the invention of astronomy. Shorod Istigias (Istigias), which, as some assert, is the capital of this province, one of the most pleasant cities in the East.

Margiana (Margiana) located between Bactria in the east and Hyrcania (Hircania) in the west (although some say it lies north of Hyrcania). It is called Tremigani and Feselbas because people wear huge turbans. Its capital is Antioch (named after the king of Syria, Antiochus Soter, who surrounded it with a strong stone wall). Today it is called India or Indion, and was once called Margiana of Alexandria (Alexandria Margiana). Sogdiana is located to the west of Bactria. Its two cities are Oxiana on the Oxus River and Sogdiana of Alexandria, which Alexander built when he went to India. It also contains Cyropol, a strong city built by Cyrus. Alexander was wounded under its walls. A stone hit him right in the neck, he fell to the ground, and his entire army assumed he was dead.

Turkestan, where the Turks lived before they went to Armenia in 844, the barren land forced them to do so. They have two cities - Galla and Oserra, about the glory of which I know nothing.

And finally, to the north of these four lies the province Zagatae?, which was named after the Tartar nobleman Sachetaie?. Ogg, Tamerlane's father, was the heir Sachetaie. Tamerlane, who was called the Wrath of God and the Fear of the Earth, married Gino (Gino), daughter and heiress, and thereby received the Tartar Empire, which he divided among his sons. And after his death, they lost everything that he had won. Its capital is Samarkand- Tamerlane’s place of residence, which he enriched with booty brought from his many campaigns. And he also has Bukhara, where the governor of the province is located.

Katay (Cathai)(which has long been called Scythia, which does not include the Himalayas, and Chagatai - Scythia within the Himalayas) took its name from Cathey, which Strabo located here. It borders China to the south, the Scythian Sea to the north, and lies east of the Tartarian Provinces. They think that the Sers lived here before (Seres), who possessed the art of weaving silk yarn from the beautiful wool that grows on the leaves of trees, which is why silk is called in Latin serika. The peoples of Katai and Chagatai are the most noble and cultured among the Tartars, and lovers of all kinds of arts. This province has many beautiful cities: among which the capital Kambalu (Cambalu), the area of ​​which is 28 miles, besides the suburbs, as some say, and others say 24 Italian miles, in it resides Great Khan. But in Xainiu he also has a palace - incredible in length and grandeur.

The first of the Great Khans or Emperors of Tartaria was Genghis in 1162, who, conquering Mucham, the last King of Tenduk and Cathay, changed the name of Scythia to Tartary: the fifth after him was Tamerlane or Tamir Khan. During his reign, this monarchy was at its very peak of power. The ninth was Tamor, after which we do not know who was the ruler there, and what outstanding events took place there, because they said that neither the Tartars, nor the Muscovites, nor the king of China allowed anyone except traders and ambassadors to visit them, and did not allow their subjects to travel outside their countries.

But it is known that tyranny reigns there: life and death occur according to the word of the Emperor, whom ordinary people call the Shadow of the Spirit and the Son of the immortal God. The largest among the various rivers are the Oxus, which originates from the Taurus Mountains. The Persians never crossed it to expand their possessions, because they were always defeated, the same thing happened with the Tartars if they dared to do the same.

Scythians They were a valiant, populous and ancient people, never submitting to anyone, but they rarely attacked themselves in order to conquer anyone. There was once a long debate about who is older: Egyptians or Scythians, which ended up being Scythians were recognized as the most ancient people. And because of their numbers they were called mother of all migrations of peoples. The philosopher Anacharsis was born in this country, which extends to the north of the Danube. This area is called Sarmatia or Scythians of Europe.

Regarding the richness of their territory, they say that since they have many rivers, they have a lot of grass, but not enough fuel, so they burned bones instead of wood. This country abounds in rice, wheat, etc. Since they are cold, they have a large supply of wool, silk, hemp, rhubarb, musk, fine fabrics, gold, animals and everything that is necessary for life, not only for survival, but for a comfortable life. There the thunder and lightning are very strange and terrible. Sometimes it is very hot there, and sometimes it is suddenly very cold, there is a lot of snow falling and the winds are the strongest. In the kingdom of Tangut, a lot of Rhubarb is grown, which is supplied to the whole world.

Many gold mines and lapis lazuli were found in Tenduk. But Tangut is better developed and abounds in vines. Tibet is full of wild animals and an abundance of coral; there is also a lot of musk, cinnamon and other spices. The articles of trade of this country are rice, silk, wool, hemp, rhubarb, musk and excellent fabrics made of camel's hair. In addition to trading within the country - between their cities, they also annually send 10,000 carts loaded with silk and other goods from China to Kambala. To this we can add their numerous invasions into Europe and Asia, their huge profits, which have been coming from Muscovy and other parts, especially from China, for a long time. We can't say for sure, but Tartarus is very rich. All those who live to the North are in great need, while their neighbors (who obey one prince) have a lot of things.

Regarding the Tartar religion: some are Mohammedans, who proclaim daily that there is one God. There are more idolaters in Cathay than Mohammedans, who worship two gods: the god of Heaven, whom they ask for health and admonition, and the god of Earth, who has a wife and children who take care of their herds, crops, etc. Therefore, they ask these things from him in this way: after rubbing the mouth of his idol with the fattest meat when they eat, as well as his wife and children (small images of whom they have in their houses), the broth is poured out into the street for the spirits. They keep the god of Heaven in a high place and the God of Earth in a low place. They believe that human souls are immortal, but pass from one body to another, according to Pythagoras. They also worship the Sun, Moon and the four elements. They call Pope and all Christians infidels, dogs And idolaters.

They never fast or celebrate one day more than another. Some of them are similar to Christians or Jews, although there are few of them: these are the Nestorians - those who are from the Papist and Greek Church, saying that Christ has two hypostases; that the Virgin Mary is not the Mother of God; that their priests could marry as often as they pleased. They also say that it is one thing to be the Word of God, and another thing to be Christ. They also do not recognize the two councils of Ephesus.

Their Patriarch, the one who resides in Musale (Musal) in Mesopotamia, is not elected, but the son succeeds his father - the first elected archbishop. Among them there is one strong and unnatural practice: they feed their old people fat, burn their corpses, and carefully collect and store the ashes, adding it to the meat when they eat. Prester John, king of Cathay or Tenduk, was defeated by the Great Tartar Cengiz in 1162, 40 years after he adopted the Nestorian faith, nevertheless he remained the ruler of a small country. These Nestorian Christians spread their influence to the city of Kampion, some of them remained in Tangut, Sukir, Kambalu and other cities.

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Tartary Many European artists, writers and composers, also mentioned it in their works. Here's a short list with some of those mentions...

Giacomo Puccini(1858-1924) – Italian opera composer, opera “Princess Turandot”. The father of the main character, Calaf, is Timur, the deposed King of Tartars.

William Shakespeare(1564-1616), play "Macbeth". Witches add Tartarine's lips to their potion.

Mary Shelley, "Frankenstein". Doctor Frankenstein pursues the monster “among the wild expanses of Tartary and Russia...”

Charles Dickens"Big hopes". Estella Havisham is compared to Tartarus because she is “firm and haughty and capricious to the last degree...”

Robert Browning"The Pied Piper of Hamelin." The piper mentions Tartary as a place where work was successfully completed: “Last June in Tartary, I saved Khan from a swarm of mosquitoes.”

Geoffrey Chaucer(1343-1400) The Canterbury Tales. "The Esquire's History" tells about the royal court of Tartary.

Tartary in Nicholas Sanson's 1653 Atlas of Asia

Information about Great Tartaria can also be found in Nicholas Sanson (Nicholas Sanson)(1600-1667) - French historian and court cartographer of Louis XIII. In 1653, his atlas of Asia was published in Paris - “L"Asie, En Plusieurs Cartes Nouvelles, Et Exactes, &c.: En Divers Traitez De Geographie, Et D"Histoire; La ou sont descrits succinctement, & avec une belle Methode, & facile, Ses Empires, Ses Monarchies, Ses Estats &c.

The atlas contains maps and descriptions of the countries of the Asian continent in as much detail as the availability of information about the realities of a particular country allowed, and its absence made it possible for various kinds of assumptions, which often had nothing to do with the current state of affairs, as is observed in the description of Tartaria (take at least one of the ridiculous versions about the origin of the Tartars from the ten lost tribes of Israel.) Thus, the author, like many European medieval historians before and after him, unwittingly, and, most likely, intentionally made his contribution to the falsification of both world history and the history of our Motherland.

For this, seemingly insignificant and harmless things were used. The author “lost” only one letter in the name of the country, and Tartary from lands of the gods Tarkh and Tara turned into some previously unknown Tataria. Added one letter to the name of the people, and mughals turned into Mongols. Other historians went further, and the Mughals (from the Greek. μεγáλoι (megáloi) – great) turned into Monguls, Mongals, Mungali, Mughals, Monkus, etc. This kind of “replacement,” as you yourself understand, provides a wide field of activity for various kinds of falsifications, which have very far-reaching consequences.

Let's take relatively recent times as an example. IN February 1936 The resolution of the Central Executive Committee and the Council of People's Commissars of the Kazak SSR “On the Russian pronunciation and written designation of the word “Cossack”” ordered the replacement of the last letter “ TO" on " X", and from now on write "Kazakh", not “Cossack”, “Kazakhstan”, not “Kazakhstan”, and that the newly formed Kazakhstan included the lands of the Siberian, Orenburg and Ural Cossacks.

How is this change one letter influenced the lives of the latter, there is no need to tell for a long time. As a result of the anti-human national policy of the Kazakh authorities, begun after the victory of democracy in the 90s, representatives of the “non-titular” Russian nation are squeezed out of all spheres of life and are forced to leave the lands of their ancestors. Kazakhstan has already 3.5 million people left, which is 25% of the total population of the republic. They left the republic in 2000 another 600 thousand Human. The socio-economic situation of Russians has sharply deteriorated, unemployment is growing, Russian schools and cultural institutions are closing, and the history of Russia is being falsified in Kazakh schools. This is what it costs to replace everything one letter In the title.

And now, we present to you the actual translation from Middle French of an article about Tartary from "Atlas of Asia" 1653 by Nicholas Sanson. The word “Middle French” means that this language is no longer ancient, but not yet modern. Those. this is a language that was still in the 17th century stage formation grammar, syntax and phonetics, especially in the written version of the language. The translation from Middle French was made by Elena Lyubimova especially for “The Cave”.

Tartary or Tartary occupies the north of all Asia. It extends from west to east, starting from the Volga and Ob, which separate Europe, to the land of Iesso, which separates America; and northern Media, Caspian Sea, Gihon River (Gehon)[modern Amu Darya], Caucasus Mountains, d"Ussonte, which separate the southernmost territories of Asia, to the Northern, Arctic or Scythian. In length it occupies half of the Northern Hemisphere - from 90 to 180 degrees of longitude, in width - half of all of Asia from 35 or 40 to 70 or 72 degrees of latitude. Its extent is fifteen hundred leagues from east to west and seven or eight hundred from south to north.

Almost all of it is located in the temperate climate zone, however, its southernmost sections are located beyond this temperate zone, and in the remaining northern areas the climate is cold and harsh. The southernmost territories of the country are always bounded by the three high mountains of the southern coast, which trap heat in the south and cold in the north, so some might say that temperatures in Tartaria are generally much lower than in a temperate climate.

It neighbors the Muscovites in the west; by the Persians, Indians or Mughals, the Chinese in the south; the rest of the territory is washed by the sea, and we know little about her. Some believe that it is located in the east Strait of Anian (d"esroit d"Anian)[Bering Strait], which separates America, others - like the Jesso Strait (d "estroit de Iesso), which separates the land or island of Iesso, which is located between Asia and America, as they would say behind Japan. Some also call the Northern Ocean one thing, others another.

Name Tartary comes, most likely, from the name of a river or locality, or the Tartar Horde, from which came those peoples who became known in all parts of Asia. Others say that they are called so from the Tatars or Totars, which means on Assyrian"remaining" or "leaving": because they regard them as the remnant of the Jews, half of whose ten tribes were displaced by Shalmaneser, and add that the other half of these ten tribes went to Scythia, about which nowhere noted by the ancients. Although the Persians still call this country Tatars, and the people Tatars, and the Chinese - Taguis.

Tartary is divided into five main parts, which are Desert Tartaria (Tartaree Desert), Uzbekistan or Çağatay (Vzbeck ou Zagathay), Turkestan (Turqestan), Katay (Cathay) And True Taratary (vraye Tartarie). The first and last are the most northern, barbaric and nothing is known about them. The other three, more southerly, are the most civilized and famous for their many beautiful cities and extensive trade.

The ancients called Desert Tartary Scythia intra Imaum(1); Uzbekistan and Chagatai are Bactriana and Sogdiana, respectively. Turkestan in ancient times was called Scythia extra Imaum. Katai was called Serika (Serica Regio). As for True Tartaria, the ancients knew nothing about it, or it represented the northernmost territories of both one and the other Scythia. Desert Tartary is bounded on the west by the Volga and Ob rivers, which separate it from Muscovy; in the east - by the mountains that separate True Tartaria and Turkestan; in the north – by the Northern Ocean; in the south - by the Caspian Sea, from Tabarestan [modern. Iranian province of Mazandaran] by the Shesel River (Chesel)[modern Syr-Darya]. It is separated from Uzbekistan by several mountains that connect to the mountains Imaum.

The whole country is inhabited by peoples or tribes, which are troops or detachments called Hordes. They almost never stay in closed places, and they have no need to do so, because they do not have any immovable housing that would keep them in place. They are constantly wandering; they load tents and families and everything they have onto carts, and do not stop until they find the most beautiful and most suitable pasture for their animals. There is something to which they devote themselves even more than hunting. This is war. They do not cultivate the land, despite the fact that it is beautiful and fertile. That is why it is called Desert Tartary. Among her hordes, the most famous are the Nogais, who pay tribute to the Grand Duke of Moscow, who also owns part of Desert Tartary.

Uzbekistan or Çağatay extends from the Caspian Sea to Turkestan and from Persia and India to Desert Tartary. The Shesel rivers flow through it (Сhesel) or the old-fashioned way Jaxartes, Gigon or the old way Albiamu or Oxus[modern Amu Darya]. Its peoples are the most civilized and most dexterous of all the Western Tartars. They conduct large trade with the Persians, with whom they sometimes were at enmity, sometimes lived in complete harmony, with the Indians and with Cathay. They produce silk, which they measure in large wicker baskets and sell to Muscovy. Their most beautiful cities are Samarkand, Bukhara and Badaschian and further Balck. According to some, Khorasan, which was owned by Uzbek khans at different times, enjoys the greatest respect. Badaschian located on the border with Khorasan. Bukhara ( Bochara or Bachara), in which Avicenna, the most famous philosopher and doctor in the entire East, lived. Samarkand is the birthplace of the great Tamerlane, who turned it into the most beautiful and richest city in Asia, building the famous Academy, which further strengthened the good name of the Mohammedans.

Turkestan located in the east of Uzbekistan (or Chagatai), in the west of Cathay, north of India and south of True Tartary. It is divided into several kingdoms, the most famous of which are Cascar, Cotan, Cialis, Ciarchian And Thibet. Some capitals have the same names, and sometimes for the rulers of these kingdoms they use Hiarchan instead of Сascar, And Turon or Turphon instead of Cialis. Kingdom Cascar is the richest, most abundant and most developed of all. Kingdom Ciarciam- the smallest and sandiest, which is compensated by the presence of a lot of jasper and lavender there. IN Cascar There is a lot of excellent rhubarb growing. Cotan And Cialis produce a variety of fruits, wine, flax, hemp, cotton, etc. Tibet is closest to the Mughals of India and is located among the Imave Mountains, the Caucasus and Vssonte. It is rich in wild animals, musk, cinnamon and uses coral instead of money. The connections we established with this state in 1624 and 1626 will make it greater and richer, just like Cathay. But those three states [to which we went] in 1651 are cold and always covered with snow - it is believed that the king of all barbarians [is] there - and the less powerful of [the city] Serenegar, which is not Rahia? between the states of the Great Mogul, so we are not sure of the [fruitfulness] of most of these connections.

Katay there is the easternmost part of Tartary. It is considered the richest and most powerful state. In the west it borders with Turkestan, with China in the south, in the north with True Tartaria and in the east it is washed by the Strait of Jesse (d'estroit de Iesso). Some believe that the whole of Cathay is [ruled] by one monarch or emperor, whom they call Khan or Ulukhan, which means Great Khan, who is the greatest and richest ruler of the world. Others believe that there [rule] various kings who are magnificent subjects of the Great Khan. This powerful, beautifully cultivated and built-up country is abundant in everything one could desire. Its capital is [city] Cambalu, ten (and others say twenty) leagues long, which has twelve extensive suburbs, and to the south is a huge royal palace, at a distance of another ten or twelve leagues. All the Tartars, Chinese, Indians and Persians conduct extensive trade in this city.

From all the kingdoms of Cathay Tangut- the most outstanding. Its capital is [city] Campion, where caravans of traders are stopped, preventing them from going further into the kingdom because of rhubarb. Kingdom of Tenduk (Tenduk) with the capital of the same name, supplies gold and silver sheets, silk and falcons. It is believed that Prester John is in this country - a special king - Christian, or rather Nestorian - a subject of the Great Khan. Kingdom Thaifur famous for the large number of its people, excellent wines, magnificent weapons, cannons, etc.

Other great travelers tell wonders about the greatness, power and splendor of the Great Khan, about the extent of his states, about his kings who are his subjects, about the multitude of ambassadors who are always waiting for him, about the reverence and reverence that is shown to him, about the strength and innumerability of his people with whom he can fill his troops. Distant Europe had to believe us until he showed his strength in 1618 (2), when he occupied the passes and passes of that famous mountain and wall that separates Tartary from China, sacrificing countless people from his great kingdom, capturing and having plundered its most beautiful cities and almost all its provinces; pushing the king of China as far as Canton and [leaving him in] possession of no more than one or two provinces, but by the treaty of 1650 the king of China was restored to the greater part of his country.

True or ancient Tartaria is the northernmost part of Tartaria - the coldest, most uncultivated and most barbaric of all; nevertheless, it is the place from which the Tartars came out about 1200 from our salvation, and to which they returned. They are known to dominate six neighboring hordes, bear arms, and dominate the largest and most beautiful parts of Asia. They are supposed to be the remnants of that half of the ten tribes that were transported. They also say that the tribes of Dan, Naphtali and Zebulun were found there. However, for a completely unknown country can be easily made up such names as anyone pleases. Their kingdoms, provinces or hordes of Mongols, Buryats (Bargu), Taratar and Naiman are the most famous. Some authors put Gog and Magog there, and others - between the Mughal state (3) and China, Maug? at the top of the lake Chiamay.

The main riches of True Tartaria are livestock and furs, including the fur of polar bears, black foxes, martens and sables. They live on milk and meat, which they have in abundance; without caring about fruits or grains. You can still feel them in your speech ancient Scythian. Some of them have kings, others live in hordes or communities; almost all are shepherds and subjects of the Great Cathay Khan (Grand Chan du Cathay).

Translator's note

1. The first geographer to have a fairly clear idea of ​​the great dividing mountain range of Central Asia, running in a north-south direction, was Ptolemy. He calls these mountains Imaus and divides Scythia into two parts: “in front of the Imaus mountains” and “behind the Imaus mountains” ( Scythia Intra Imaum Montem And Scythia Extra Imaum Montem). It is believed that this is what the modern Himalayas were called in ancient times. See Christopher Cellarius's map of Scythia and Serica (Christopherus cellarius), published in 1703 in Germany. Also on it we can see the ancient name of the Volga River - RA (Rha) left and Hyperborean or Scythian Ocean up.

2. Most likely, we are talking about the invasion of the Jurchen Khan Nurhaci (1575-1626) into the territory of the Ming Empire - in Liaodong. The Chinese army sent the following year was defeated, and about 50 thousand soldiers died. By 1620, almost all of Liaodong was in the hands of Nurhaci.

3. The Mughal state has nothing in common with modern Mongolia. It was located in Northern India (the territory of modern Pakistan).

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The information we have collected and presented on these pages does not constitute scientific research in the modern sense of the word. Today's science, especially historical science, lies with all its might, and we tried to find for our readers truthful information about the past of our great Motherland. And they found her. From this information it is clear without any doubt that our past is not at all what our enemies and their helpful assistants keep repeating.

Back in the 18th century, everyone knew well that Slavic-Aryan Empire, which in the West was called Great Tartary, existed for many millennia and was the most developed country on the planet. Otherwise, it simply could not have survived in the form of such a huge Empire for a long time! And corrupt historians tirelessly tell us from school that we - the Slavs - supposedly just before our baptism (1000 years ago) allegedly jumped from the trees and climbed out of our pits. But empty talk, albeit very persistent, is one thing. And another thing is facts that can no longer be ignored.

And if you read the Chronology subsection about, you can get another indisputable confirmation that the distortion of information about the past of our civilization was intentional and pre-planned! And we can draw the obvious conclusion that the enemies of Humanity are carefully hushing up and destroying everything connected with the real past of the great civilization of the White Race - the civilization of our ancestors, Slavyano-Ariev.

Remezov Chronicle

As we have already seen, even within the framework of this short review, reliable evidence existence of a huge Slavic-Aryan Empire, the last name of which is known as Great Tartaria, and which at different times was also called Scythia And Great Asia, are absolutely definitely present. In ancient times, it occupied almost the entire continent of Eurasia and even northern Africa and America, but then, like shagreen leather, it shrank. Or rather, it was squeezed, gradually biting off the most remote, in Europe - the western provinces, and this process continues to this day.

Hundreds of Western European maps and atlases of the 16th-17th centuries by different authors and publishers, which can easily be found on the Internet, showed that Great Tartaria occupied most of Asia - from the Urals to Kamchatka, Central Asia and the northern part of modern China to the Chinese Wall. Around the end of the 17th and beginning of the 18th centuries, different Tartaries appeared on maps - Great, Moscow(to the Urals), Chinese(which at one time included the island of Hokkaido), Independent(Central Asia) and Small(Zaporozhye Sich). Tartary was also displayed on globes of that time, in particular, there are some in Moscow in the State Historical Museum (GIM). There are several medieval globes there. These are, first of all, a giant copper globe made in 1672 by the heirs of the Amsterdam cartographer Willem Blaeu for the Swedish king Charles XI, and N. Hill's globe of the earthly and celestial spheres of 1754 made of papier-mâché. Tartaria is also depicted on a globe from 1765, which is in the collection of the Historical Society in Minnesota.

Around the end of the 18th century, after the Great Tartary was defeated in World War, known to us from the school history course, as "The Rebellion of Pugachev" 1773-1775, this name on maps began to gradually be replaced by the Russian Empire, but the Independent and Chinese Tartaries were still displayed until the beginning of the 19th century. After this time, the word Tartaria disappears from maps altogether and is replaced by other names. For example, Chinese Tartaria began to be called Manchuria. All of the above applies to foreign cards. In Russian, only a tiny amount of maps with Tartary have been preserved, at least in the public domain. For example, there is a map of 1707 by V. Kiprianov “Image of the Earth’s Globe” and a map of Asia of 1745. This state of affairs suggests that information about the Great Rus Empire carefully destroyed.

However, something still remained and finally reached the masses. One of the most significant works are the books and maps of the outstanding Russian cartographer and chronicler of Siberia Semyon Remezova.

He was born in 1642 in the family of the Streltsy centurion Ulyan Remezov. In 1668 he began his service as a Cossack in the Ishimsky prison. In 1682, for his diligence in service, Remezov received the title of “son of a boyar” and was transferred to Tobolsk. Here it is necessary to clarify that “son of a boyar” did not then mean the son of a boyar, it is just a title indicating that a person belongs to the serving nobility. Semyon Remezov inherited the title from his grandfather Moses, who served in Moscow at the court of Patriarch Filaret, but somehow angered him and was exiled to Tobolsk.

Moses Remezov served as Tobolsk governor for 20 years, spending them on long campaigns to collect yasak and pacify the rebellious. His son Ulyan, grandson Semyon and great-grandson Leonty repeated his fate - they became “boyar children” and also led the lives of service people: they collected bread from peasants and foreigners, escorted government cargo to Moscow, conducted a census of lands and population, looked for the shortest routes. , searched for minerals, and also participated in battles with nomads.

In addition, having received a good education, having a penchant for drawing and having inherited the basics of drawing from his father, Semyon Remezov repeatedly drew up maps of the surrounding areas of the Tobolsk province, and also designed and supervised the construction and reconstruction of Tobolsk: a number of stone buildings were built, including the Gostiny Dvor, treasury - "renter" and the chamber of command. But, perhaps, the most striking legacy left to the descendants living on the Siberian land was the architectural ensemble Tobolsk Kremlin.

In 1696, Remezov was entrusted with drawing up a drawing of the entire Siberian land. This activity laid the foundation for unique research that has come down to us in the form of geographical atlases “Chorographic Drawing Book” (1697-1711), “Drawing Book of Siberia” (1699-1701) and “Service Drawing Book of Siberia” (1702), as well as chronicles books “Siberian Brief Kungur Chronicle” and “Siberian History” and ethnographic works “Description of the Siberian peoples and the facets of their lands.”

The geographical Atlases that Remezov compiled are simply amazing in their coverage of territories that were subject to careful study. But this happened at a time when people only had a horse among the “high-speed” means of transportation. In addition, Remezov’s materials amaze with the variety of information about the culture, economy, morals and customs of the peoples of Siberia. And they are decorated with great artistic taste and contain luxurious illustrations.

“The Drawing Book of Siberia” by Semyon Remezov and his three sons can easily be called the first Russian geographical atlas. It consists of a preface and 23 large-format maps, covering the entire territory of Siberia and distinguished by the abundance and detail of information. The book presents handwritten drawings of the lands: Tobolsk City and towns with streets, Tobolsk city, Tara city, Tyumen city, Turin fort, Vekhotursky city, Pelymsky city, and other cities and surrounding areas.

“The Drawing Book of Siberia” was made without a degree network of parallels and meridians, and on some maps the west is at the top and the east, respectively, at the bottom, and sometimes the south is placed in the upper left corner, and the north in the lower right, but generally the maps are not oriented to the north, as we are used to, and South. So the Chinese wall is unusually located in the upper right corner. Note that from there to the Amur (modern territory of China) back in the 17th century all the names were Russian. Also note that a little higher from the name Great Tartaria is located "Land of the Cossack Horde". Considering the orientation from south to north, these may well be the lands of Kazakhstan, which was relatively recently renamed Kazakhstan.

In the absence of a meridian grid, Remezov tied his cartographic images to a network of river and land routes. He obtained information on his “business trips”, asking other service people, local residents and travelers. According to his own testimony, from such inquiries he learned “the measure of the land and the distance of travel of cities, their villages and volosts, I learned about rivers, rivulets and lakes and about the Pomeranian shores, lips and islands and sea fisheries and about all sorts of tracts”.

On maps, he marked in detail all the rivers and streams of Siberia from the peaks to the mouths, along with their tributaries, as well as oxbow lakes, reaches, islands, fords, shoals, portages, portages, mills, bridges, piers, wells, swamps, lakes. He drew the summer and winter land roads with a dotted line, and marked the portages for days: “I dragged the hogs on reindeer for four days, and up the “Chyudtskoe letter”, copied from the Irbit written stone. It's been two weeks". Remezov also used an original system of symbols, including: city, Russian village, yurts, ulus, mosque, winter hut, cemetery, prayer site, mounds, guard, pillars (rocky weathering figures). In general, the amount of information that three generations of Remezovs collected is incredibly huge.

Unfortunately, it took 300 years for the life’s work of these Russian people to be seen by their descendants. The last entry in it was made in 1730, after which it disappeared from view. It is known that the next time she was seen was in 1764 in the personal library of Catherine II. Then it moved to the Hermitage, and in the middle of the 19th century it was transferred to the St. Petersburg Public Library. And since then only very narrow specialists knew about it. His other work "Chorographic drawing book"

Let's continue about Tartary. There is an interesting document: Historical information about Tartary and the family tree of the Rulers of Tartary. France, 1719. Source: “Atlas Historique, ou Nouvelle Introduction à l"Histoire”. Surprisingly, there is no translation of the text to the left and right of the map anywhere. But there is a kind Russian girl Anna, who lives in France and kindly translated all the inscriptions.

Tartary, which until then had been a very little-studied country, is presented here exactly along natural boundaries for both Geographers and Chronologists. We have this map, thanks to the efforts of the famous M. Witsen, who copied it exactly; the famous 400-league Wall that separates Tartaria from China did not prevent the Tatars from entering China. capture it and dominate there, as happened in 1645. Since then, there have been many autonomies in Tartary, which have neither a name nor an exact location.
In the center of this vast country there are free peoples who have absolutely no fixed habitat, but who live in villages on carts and pitch tents.
These powerful tribes are located in groups called Hordes.
There are various kingdoms contained within Tartary and it is said that over a thousand years ago the art of printing was discovered in the Kingdom of Tangat.

It is not easy to pinpoint the exact date when Tartary headed all the countries located between Tanais (Don River) and Borysthenes (Dnieper River), which is called Little Tartary.
But as for China, the war that Tartatia waged with this country began 2341 years before the 1st Era (BC)

According to Pierre Martin, in 1655 it was already 4,000 years since Tartaria continuously waged war with China.
In 1280, the Tartars finally became rulers of China and the family (possibly a dynasty)* of Iwen began their reign, which lasted 89 years.
In 1369, the Tartars were expelled from China and rule passed to the Independent Nathon and the Mim dynasty.
In 1645, the Tartars made their commander-in-chief King Kinchi, also called the Great Khan, who again captured China. And today, it is the descendants of the Prince of Tartary who rule in China.

Like this. Agree, a complete coincidence with the official history of the conquest of China. At school they don’t say anything about a country that has been at war with China for 4,000 years. Maybe this is why the first emperor of the Qin dynasty ordered the burning of all ancient manuscripts in China in 213 BC. What were you afraid of? Please note that the family tree begins with ChingizKan. But official history says that he was born 400 years earlier than these events. So they are telling us about the wrong Genghis Khan?

LEARNED THE TRUTH MYSELF — SHARE WITH A FRIEND!

According to the multi-volume fundamental encyclopedic publication "Britannica", published since 1768, on the territory of modern Russia in the 18th century there were two states: a small one - Muscovy with its capital in the city of Moscow, and then in St. Petersburg (the area of ​​​​this state was 1,103,485 sq. miles) and a large one - Grand Tartaria with its capital in Tobolsk (the area of ​​this state was 3,050,000 sq. miles).

The authenticity of this information is confirmed by geographical maps of that time, containing the corresponding geographical names.

It is noteworthy that according to the maps of I684, Ukraine was then Vkraina and was part of Poland, and Moldavia, together with the Crimean peninsula and the lands north of it, were a single territory called Little Tartaria.

But the most curious thing is not this, but the fact that the vaunted European Union, which then included Muscovy, having enlisted its support, in the 18th century started a redistribution of property, for which the united troops of the then NATO attacked the Siberian-Far Eastern lands of Grand Tartaria and in the course of long bloody battles conquered it. After this historical event, the modern history of the world actually began. The last king of Great Tartaria was someone whom we now know as Emelyan Pugachev. After the redistribution of state property of Great Tartary and a thorough census of world history, this great war for the conquest of the largest state on the planet began to be called in all new books nothing more than "suppression of the uprising of Emelyan Pugachev".

In this regard, it is useful to understand several facts:

1. Despite the presence of ancient maps indicating the boundaries of Great Tartary, for 250 years now official historians around the world have been bashfully silent that such a state even existed!!! However, ancient books and maps prove that it was!

2. The Tsar of Great Tartary, Emelyan Pugachev, is presented to us as the leader of the rebellious peasants and Cossacks, who was defeated not by the united troops of the coalition, which at that time included the European Union and the United States (which was a British colony until 1776), but exclusively by the regular troops of Romanov’s Muscovy led by commander Alexander Suvorov. At the same time, all information about the “rebel” Pugachev was carefully distorted, and his trial took place not just anywhere, but in Moscow in the Throne Hall of the Kremlin Palace!!! If Emelyan Pugachev really was a simple Cossack, an impostor, the leader of some gang, then would he really be tried as a tsar in the famous Throne Hall of the Kremlin? - modern Russian historians ask.

3. According to the chronicle of the times of Emelyan Pugachev, the New Testament of Jesus Christ was in use in Great Tartary. The Jews were considered at that time nothing more than trash - really bad people. After the fall of Great Tartary and the conquest of the peoples inhabiting it, not only the history of this state was rewritten, but, at the same time, a rewritten religion was imposed on the conquered peoples - the books of the Jewish Old Testament were added to the New Testament of Jesus Christ, and they were placed at the forefront .

Reference: In 1650-1660, in Muscovy under Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich (father of Peter the Great), the so-called “schism of the church” occurred. The reason for the split of the believing people into two parts (Old Believers and Nikonians) was the smuggling of Jewish religious books at the level of the state faith. In 1663 the so-called Moscow Bible. In it, the Old Testament (Jewish Bible) was added to the New Testament, while the New Testament was perceived as a “continuation” of the Old Testament. “The Old Believers accused the religious reformer Nikon of allowing the Jews to translate the holy books, and the Nikonians accused the Old Believers of allowing the Jews to conduct worship... Both sides considered the council of 1666-1667 "Jewish congregation", and in the official resolution the council accused its opponents of being victims of “false Jewish words”... Rumors circulated everywhere that state power had been given to “cursed Jewish rulers”, and the Tsar entered into a pernicious “Western” marriage, intoxicated by the love potions of doctors -Jews." Although the Moscow Bible appeared, it was not accepted by society. The people doubted the correctness of the new books and perceived their introduction as an attempt to enslave the country. The churches continued to use the Slavic versions of the New Testament, the Apostle and the Psalter.

Regarding rumors from more than two centuries ago, they say, "state power has been given "cursed Jewish rulers"" , I note: these rumors were not without foundation.

What was the genetic background of the Moscow kings?

Reference: Catherine I (Marta Samuilovna Skavronskaya (Kruse) - Russian empress from 1721 as the wife of the reigning emperor, from 1725 as the reigning empress, second wife of Peter I the Great, mother of Empress Elizabeth Petrovna. In her honor, Peter I established the Order of St. Catherine ( in 1713) and the city of Yekaterinburg in the Urals was named (in 1723).

Ask yourself: What kind of tribe were the first All-Russian autocrats?

Are they Germans?
Slavs?
Jews?

One thing is absolutely certain: they were not Russian!

Compare.

This is a lifetime portrait of E.I. Pugacheva. At the beginning of the 20th century, it was exhibited in the White Chamber of the Rostov Kremlin. Oil. Rephotographed by S.M. Prokudin-Gorsky. 1911 .

KNOWLEDGE AS A THREAT!

Continuing this topic, two short stories:

Story 1.

Why the outstanding Russian scientist Mikhailo Lomonosov was once sentencedto the death penalty?

Everyone probably knows that M. Lomonosov was the first Russian academician. There are legends about his persecution. But someone may be hearing for the first time that they demanded that he be sentenced to death, and even the Church in the person of the “Holy Synod.”

Why was Mikhail Lomonosov sentenced to death? And who was interested in the theft of Mikhail Lomonosov’s scientific library and in the concealment, and, most likely, in the destruction of his numerous manuscripts on the history of Rus', on which he worked throughout his life?

To understand what a fierce struggle for the history of Russia was waged in the 18th century in academic circles, just look at the book by M.T. Belyavsky “M.V. Lomonosov and the founding of Moscow University" , which was published by Moscow University in 1955 for the 200th anniversary of its founding. It turns out that the struggle for Russian history was an essential part of the struggle of Russian society of the 18th century for the right to have domestic science. At that time, this right was in great question.

M.V. Lomonosov fell into disgrace due to his disagreements with German scientists, which formed the backbone of the Academy of Sciences in the 18th century. Under Empress Anna Ioannovna, a stream of foreigners poured into Russia.
Beginning in 1725, when the Russian Academy was created, and until 1841, the foundation of Russian history was remade by the following “benefactors” of the Russian people, who arrived from Europe and spoke little Russian, but quickly became experts in Russian history, filling the historical department of the Russian Academy:

Kohl Peter (1725), Fischer Johann Eberhard (1732), Kramer Adolf Bernhard (1732), Lotter Johann Georg (1733), Leroy Pierre-Louis (1735), Merling Georg (1736), Brem Johann Friedrich (1737), Tauber Johann Gaspard (1738), Crusius Christian Gottfried (1740), Moderach Karl Friedrich (1749), Stritter Johann Gottgilf (1779), Hackmann Johann Friedrich (1782), Busse Johann Heinrich (1795), Vauvillier Jean-François (1798), Klaproth Heinrich Julius (1804), Hermann Karl Gottlob Melchior (1805), Krug Johann Philipp (1805), Lerberg August Christian (1807), Köhler Heinrich Karl Ernst (1817), Fran Christian Martin (1818), Graefe Christian Friedrich (1820), Schmidt Issac Jacob (1829), Schöngren Johann Andreas (1829), Charmois France-Bernard (1832), Fleischer Heinrich Leberecht (1835), Lenz Robert Christianovich (1835), Brosset Marie-Felicité (1837), Dorn Johann Albrecht Bernhard (1839) . The year of entry of the named foreigner into the Russian Academy is indicated in brackets.

Lomonosov led an irreconcilable struggle against the distortions of Russian history, and he found himself in the very thick of this struggle. In 1749 - 1750, he opposed the historical views of Miller and Bayer, as well as the “Norman theory” of the formation of Russia imposed by the Germans. He criticized Miller's dissertation “On the origin of the name and people of Russia”, as well as Bayer's works on Russian history. Lomonosov often quarreled with foreign colleagues who worked at the Academy of Sciences. Here and there he is quoted as saying: “What vile dirty tricks wouldn’t such brute let loose in Russian antiquities!” It is alleged that the phrase is addressed to Schlözer, who was especially zealous in “creating” the “history of Russia.”

M. Lomonosov was supported by many Russian scientists. Member of the Academy of Sciences, outstanding Russian mechanical engineer A.K. Martov filed a complaint with the Senate about the dominance of foreigners in Russian academic science. Russian students, translators and clerical workers, as well as astronomer Delisle, joined Martov’s complaint. It was signed by I. Gorlitsky, D. Grekov, M. Kovrin, V. Nosov, A. Polyakov, P. Shishkarev.

« The meaning and purpose of their complaint is completely clear- destruction of the domination of the reactionary clique and turning the Academy of Sciences into a RUSSIAN Academy not only in name. However, the court clique came to the aid of the reactionary scientific clique. The head of the commission created by the Senate to investigate the charges was Prince Yusupov. “The commission saw in the speech of A.K. Martov, I.V. Gorlitsky, D. Grekov, P. Shishkarev, V. Nosov, A. Polyakov, M. Kovrin, Lebedev and others a “revolt of the mob” that rose up against the authorities.” What is noteworthy is the courage and tenacity with which they defended their accusations. The Russian scientists who filed the complaint wrote to the Senate: “We have proven the charges on the first 8 points and will prove the remaining 30 if we get access to the cases.” “But they could not prove anything, since they were arrested for “obstinacy” and “insulting the commission.” A number of them (I.V. Gorlitsky, A. Polyakov and others) WERE SHACKED AND “CHAINED.” They remained in this situation for about two years, but they could not be forced to give up their testimony. The decision of the commission was truly monstrous: to reward Schumacher and Taubert, to EXECUTE GORLITSKY, CRUELLY PUNISHES GREKOV, POLYAKOV, NOSOV WITH FLAPES AND EXILE TO SIBERIA, POPOV, SHISKAREV AND OTHERS TO LEAVE UNDER ARREST UNTIL THE CASE IS DECISIONED BY THE FUTURE PRESIDENT OF THE ACADEMY.”

Formally, Lomonosov was not among those who filed a complaint against Schumacher, but his entire behavior during the investigation shows that Miller was hardly mistaken when he asserted: "Mr. Adjunct Lomonosov was one of those who filed a complaint against Mr. Councilor Schumacher and thereby caused the appointment of an investigative commission". Lamansky was probably not far from the truth, claiming that Martov’s statement was written mostly by Lomonosov. During the work of the commission, Lomonosov actively supported Martov... This is what caused his violent clashes with Schumacher’s most zealous minions - Winzheim, Truskot, Miller.

The Synod of the Orthodox Christian Church also accused the great Russian scientist of distributing anti-clerical works in his manuscript under Art. 18 and 149 of the Military Article of Peter I, which provided for the death penalty.

Representatives of the clergy demanded the burning of Lomonosov.

Such severity, apparently, was caused by the too great success of Lomonosov’s freethinking, anti-church writings, which indicated a noticeable weakening of the authority of the church among the people. Archimandrite D. Sechenov, the confessor of Empress Elizabeth Petrovna, was seriously alarmed by the decline of faith and the weakening interest in the church and religion in Russian society. It is characteristic that it was Archimandrite D. Sechenov, in his libel against Lomonosov, who demanded the burning of the scientist .

The commission stated that Lomonosov "for repeated discourteous, dishonest and nasty actions towards both the academy, the commission, AND THE GERMAN LAND" subject to the DEATH PENALTY, or, in extreme cases, PUNISHMENT BY lashes AND DEPRIVATION OF RIGHTS AND STATE. By decree of Empress Elizabeth Petrovna, Mikhail Lomonosov was found guilty, but was released from punishment. His salary was only halved, and he had to ask the professors for forgiveness “for the insolence he committed.”

Gerard Friedrich Miller personally composed a mocking “repentance”, which Lomonosov was obliged to publicly pronounce and sign. Mikhail Vasilyevich, in order to be able to continue scientific research, was forced to abandon his views. But the German professors did not rest on this. They continued to seek the removal of Lomonosov and his supporters from the Academy.

Around 1751, Lomonosov began work on Ancient Russian History. He sought to refute the theses of Bayer and Miller about the “great darkness of ignorance” that allegedly reigned in Ancient Rus'. Of particular interest in this work of his is the first part, “On Russia before Rurik,” which sets out the doctrine of the ethnogenesis of the peoples of Eastern Europe and, above all, the Slavs-Russians. Lomonosov pointed out the constant movement of the Slavs from east to west.

German history professors decided to achieve the removal of Lomonosov and his supporters from the Academy. This “scientific activity” took place not only in Russia.

Lomonosov was a world-famous scientist. He was well known abroad. Therefore, every effort was made to discredit Lomonosov before the world scientific community. All means were used. They tried in every possible way to downplay the significance of Lomonosov's works not only in history, but also in the field of natural sciences, where his authority was very high. In particular, Lomonosov was a member of several foreign Academies - the Swedish Academy since 1756, the Bologna Academy since 1764.

“In Germany, Miller inspired protests against Lomonosov’s discoveries and demanded his removal from the Academy.”. This could not be done at that time. However, Lomonosov's opponents managed to achieve the appointment of Schletser as ACADEMIC IN RUSSIAN HISTORY. “Schletser... called Lomonosov "a rude ignorant who knew nothing except his chronicles". So, as we see, Lomonosov was accused of KNOWLEDGE OF RUSSIAN CHRONICLES.

“Contrary to Lomonosov’s protests, Catherine II appointed Schletser an academician. AT THE SAME TIME, HE NOT ONLY RECEIVED FOR UNCONTROLLED USE ALL DOCUMENTS LOCATED IN THE ACADEMY, BUT ALSO THE RIGHT TO DEMAND EVERYTHING THAT HE CONSIDERED NECESSARY FROM THE IMPERIAL LIBRARY AND OTHER INSTITUTIONS. Schletser received the right to present his works directly to Catherine... In the draft note compiled by Lomonosov “for memory” and accidentally avoiding confiscation, the feelings of anger and bitterness caused by this decision are clearly expressed: “There is nothing to cherish. Everything is open to the extravagant Schletser. There is nothing in the Russian library more secrets"".

Miller and his associates had complete power not only in the university itself in St. Petersburg, but also in the gymnasium that trained future students. The gymnasium was run by Miller, Bayer and Fischer, p.77. In the gymnasium "THE TEACHERS DID NOT KNOW RUSSIAN... THE STUDENTS DID NOT KNOW GERMAN. ALL TEACHING WAS EXCLUSIVELY IN LATIN... For thirty years (1726-1755) the gymnasium did not prepare a single person for entering the university" . From this the following conclusion was drawn. It was stated that “the only way out is to write students out of Germany, since it’s supposed to be impossible to prepare them from Russians anyway”.

This struggle continued throughout Lomonosov's life. “Thanks to the efforts of Lomonosov, several Russian academicians and adjuncts appeared in the academy.” However "in 1763, following the denunciation of Taubert, Miller, Shtelin, Epinousse and others, another Empress of Russia, Catherine II, "EVEN REMOVED LOMONOSOV FROM THE ACADEMY COMPLETELY". But soon the decree on his resignation was canceled. The reason was Lomonosov's popularity in Russia and recognition of his merits by foreign academies. However, Lomonosov was removed from the leadership of the geographical department, and Miller was appointed there instead. An attempt has been made "PUT LOMONOSOV'S MATERIALS ON LANGUAGE AND HISTORY AT SCHLEZER'S DISPOSAL".

The last fact is very significant. If even during Lomonosov’s lifetime attempts were made to get to his archive on Russian history, then what can we say about the fate of this unique archive after Lomonosov’s death. As expected, LOMONOSOV'S ARCHIVE WAS IMMEDIATELY CONFISCATED IMMEDIATELY AFTER HIS DEATH AND DISAPPEARED WITHOUT A TRACE. We quote: "THE LOMONOSOV ARCHIVE, CONFISCATED BY CATHERINE II, WAS FOREVER LOST. THE DAY AFTER HIS DEATH, THE LIBRARY AND ALL LOMONOSOV'S PAPERS WERE, BY ORDER OF KATHERINE, SEALED BY GR. ORLOV, TRANSPORTED TO HIS PALACE AND THE BESS DISAPPEARED ICE" , p.20. A letter from Taubert to Miller has been preserved. In this letter “without hiding his joy, Taubert reports the death of Lomonosov and adds: “ON THE OTHER DAY AFTER HIS DEATH, Count Orlov ordered seals to be attached to his office. Without a doubt, there must be papers in it that they do not want to be released into the wrong hands.”.

The death of Mikhail Lomonosov was also sudden and mysterious, and rumors circulated about his deliberate poisoning. Obviously, what could not be done publicly, his numerous enemies completed secretly and secretly.
Thus, the “creators of Russian history” - Miller and Schletser - got to the Lomonosov archive. After which these archives naturally disappeared. But, AFTER A SEVEN YEAR DELAY, Lomonosov's work on Russian history was finally published - and it is absolutely clear that under the complete control of Miller and Schlozer. And that's only the first volume. Most likely, rewritten by Miller in the right key. And the remaining volumes simply “disappeared”. And so it turned out that the one we have at our disposal today "Lomonosov's work on history" is strangely and wonderfully consistent with Miller's view of history. It’s not even clear why Lomonosov argued so fiercely with Miller for so many years? Why did he accuse Miller of falsifying Russian history, when he himself, in his published “History”, so OBEDIENTLY AGREES with Miller on all points? He obsequiously agrees with him in every line.

The history of Russia, published by Miller based on Lomonosov's drafts, can be said to be written as a carbon copy, and is practically no different from Miller's version of Russian history. The same applies to another Russian historian - Tatishchev, again published by Miller only after Tatishchev's death! Karamzin, on the other hand, rewrote Miller almost word for word, although Karamzin’s texts were repeatedly edited and altered after his death. One of the last such alterations occurred after 1917, when all information was removed from his texts about the Varangian yoke. Obviously, in this way, the new political power tried to smooth out the discontent of the people from the dominance of foreigners in the Bolshevik government.

Consequently, what was PRINTED UNDER THE NAME OF LOMONOSOV IS NOT AT ALL WHAT LOMONOSOV ACTUALLY WROTE.

It must be assumed that Miller rewrote the first part of Lomonosov’s work with great pleasure after his death. So to speak, “carefully prepared for printing.” The rest was destroyed. There was almost certainly a lot of interesting and important information about the ancient past of our people. Something that neither Miller, nor Schletser, nor other “Russian historians” could ever publish.

The Norman theory is still adhered to by Western scientists. And if we remember that for criticizing Miller, Lomonosov was sentenced to death by hanging (although the church proposed to burn him) and served a year in prison awaiting the verdict until the royal pardon came, then it is clear that the leadership was interested in falsifying Russian history Russian state. Russian history was written by foreigners, specially sent from Europe by Emperor Peter I for this purpose. And already in the time of Elizabeth, Miller became the most important “chronicler,” who also became famous for the fact that, under the guise of an imperial charter, he traveled to Russian monasteries and destroyed all surviving ancient historical documents.

The German historian Miller, the author of the “masterpiece” of Russian history, tells us that Ivan IV was from the Rurik family. Having performed such a simple operation, it was no longer difficult for Miller to integrate the broken Rurik family with their non-existent history into the history of Russia. It would be more accurate to cross out the history of the Russian kingdom and replace it with the history of the Kyiv principality, in order to then make a statement that Kyiv - the mother of Russian cities.

The Ruriks were never kings in Russia, because such a royal family never existed. There was a rootless conqueror Rurik, who tried to sit on the Russian throne, but was killed by Svyatopolk Yaropolkovich. The falsification of Russian history catches the eye immediately when reading the “Russian” “chronicles”. It is striking to see the abundance of names of princes who ruled in different places in Russia, which we consider to be the centers of Russia. If, for example, some prince of Chernigov or Novgorod found himself on the Russian throne, then there should have been some kind of continuity in the dynasty. But this is not the case, i.e. we are dealing either with a hoax, or with a conqueror who has reigned on the Russian throne.

Our mutilated and perverted history of Russia, even through the thickness of Miller’s repeated hoaxes, screams about the dominance of foreigners. The history of Russia, like the history of all Mankind, was invented by the above-mentioned “historian specialists”. They were not only specialists in falsifying histories, they were also specialists in fabricating and falsifying chronicles.

As one of our community members, Lyudmila Shikanova, correctly noted in her commentary: More and more facts are emerging that the history of Russia was deliberately distorted. There is a lot of evidence of the high culture and literacy of our ancestors in ancient times. Birch bark letters were found written in the Glagolitic alphabet (our native alphabet, and not in the Cyrillic alphabet imposed on us) and the letters were written by ordinary peasants. But for some reason it is hidden. We know the detailed history of our country only from the reign of the Ruriks, and we know almost nothing about what happened before that. Why is this being done and who benefits from it, that is the question. And now in our schools and higher educational institutions, pupils and students study the history of Russia using textbooks, largely written with the money of the overseas philanthropist George Soros. And as we know, “he who pays for the banquet calls the tune!”

"Insolence"! That's how it was. To the stake for collecting bits and pieces of the history of our land, against the German will. I remember how Moscow academicians, fed on grants, twitched when the remains of Tsar Ivan Leopoldovna’s son were found in Kholmogory without permission from above. And whatever arguments they (in 2010) came up with that are cleaner than the current accusations against Razvozzhaev “of illegally crossing the border”, it turns out that a scientific discovery can be recognized as such by the state (and the church) if it was made exclusively with the money of the state and under its strict control. And you’re talking about some Germans of the 18th century... Where should we put these?