The school of military excellence was his participation in the Russian-Turkish war, where he initially acted as a divisional quartermaster. On July 24, 1774, during the liquidation of the Turkish landing near Alushta, Kutuzov, commanding a grenadier battalion, was seriously wounded by a bullet through his left temple, exiting his right eye.
From 1777 he was a colonel, from 1784 a major general, and in 1785 he became commander of the Bug Jaeger Corps. During the Russian-Turkish War during the siege of Ochakov (1788), Kutuzov was again dangerously wounded; a bullet went right through “from temple to temple behind both eyes.” Massot commented on his wound: “One must believe that fate appoints Kutuzov to something great, for he remained alive after two wounds, fatal according to all the rules of medical science.” During the storming of Izmail in 1790, Suvorov assigned him to command one of the columns and, without waiting for the capture of the fortress, appointed him first commandant. For this assault, Kutuzov received the rank of lieutenant general.
Since the beginning of the invasion of the French army into the territory of the Russian Empire in June of the year, Russian troops have been constantly retreating. The rapid advance and overwhelming numerical superiority of the French made it impossible for the commander-in-chief of the Russian army to prepare troops for battle. The protracted retreat caused public discontent, so A A A l e x a n d r I I removed Barclay - de - T o l i and appointed General of the Infantry K K Kutuz as commander-in-chief o in a. However, he also had to retreat in order to gain time to gather all his forces. General Barclay de Tolly Kutuzov
in Bunzlau, by order of the King of Prussia; Bunzlau in St. Petersburg, in front of the Kazan Cathedral, St. Petersburg, sculptor B. I. Orlovsky; B. I. Oryol obelisk on the Borodino field, near the village of Gorki, architect P. A. Vorontsov-Velyamov; P. A. Vorontsov-Velyaminov in Kaliningrad, sculptor Y. Lukashevich Kaliningrad (in 1997 moved to Pravdinsk (formerly Friedland), Kaliningrad region); in Smolensk, at the foot of the Cathedral Hill; Smolensk author sculptor G. I. Motovilov; G. I. Motovilov in Moscow near the museum-panorama “Battle of Borodino”, museum-panorama “Battle of Borodino” sculptor N.V. Tomsky; N. V. Tomsky in Tiraspol, in front of the House of Officers; Tiraspol in Bendery, on the territory of the Bendery fortressBenderakhBendery fortress in the capture of which Kutuzov took part in 1770 and 1789
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Presentation on the topic: Mikhail Illarionovich Kutuzov, savior of the fatherland Completed 4 “E” classSlide 2
contents Biography of Mikhail Illarionovich Kutuzov Study Beginning of military career Battle of Borodino
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Biography of M.I. Kutuzov Mikhail Kutuzov was born in 1745 into a noble family that had ancestral roots on Novgorod land. His father, Illarion Matveevich Kutuzova (1717-1784), a military engineer, lieutenant general and senator, had a great influence on the education and upbringing of his son. Since childhood, Kutuzov was gifted with a strong build, combining inquisitiveness, enterprise and agility with thoughtfulness and a kind heart.
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Studying From the age of seven, Mikhail studied at home. He received his military education at the artillery engineering school, where his father taught artillery sciences. He graduated from school in 1759 among the best, with the rank of engineer-ensign, and was left at the school as a teacher to teach students mathematics.
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Beginning of a military career In 1761, at his own request, he was sent as a company commander to the Astrakhan Infantry Regiment. Due to his excellent knowledge of languages (German, French, and later Polish, Swedish and Turkish), in 1762 he was appointed adjutant to the Governor General. In 1764 - 1769 served in Poland in the troops of N. Repnin.
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Beginning of a military career Of great importance in the formation of Kutuzov as a military leader was the combat experience he accumulated during the Russian-Turkish wars of the second half of the 18th century under the leadership of commanders P. A. Rumyantsev and A. V. Suvorov. During the Russian-Turkish war of 1768-74. P.A.Rumyantsev A.V.Suvorov
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The beginning of his military career Kutuzov took part in battles. For his distinction in battles he was promoted to prime major. In December 1771 he received the rank of lieutenant colonel, in 1777 he was promoted to colonel, and in November 1784 he received the rank of major general.
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War with Napoleon In 1804, Russia entered into a coalition to fight Napoleon, and in 1805 the Russian government sent two armies to Austria; Kutuzov was appointed commander-in-chief of one of them. In August 1805, a 50,000-strong Russian army under his command moved to Austria. Napoleon l Bonaparte
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The War with Napoleon The Austrian army, which did not have time to unite with the Russian troops, was defeated by Napoleon in October 1805 near Ulm. Kutuzov's army found itself face to face with the enemy, who had a significant superiority in forces. Preserving his troops, Kutuzov made a retreat march-maneuver and withdrew his troops from under the looming threat of encirclement. This march went down in the history of military art as a wonderful example of strategic maneuver.
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Patriotic War of 1812 At the beginning of the Patriotic War of 1812, General Kutuzov was elected head of the St. Petersburg and then Moscow militia. At the initial stage of the Patriotic War, the Russian armies retreated under the pressure of Napoleon's superior forces. The unsuccessful course of the war prompted the nobility to demand the appointment of a commander who would enjoy the trust of Russian society.
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Patriotic War of 1812 Tsar Alexander I was forced to appoint General Kutuzov as commander-in-chief of all Russian armies and militias. Shortly before his appointment, the Tsar granted Kutuzov the title of His Serene Highness. The appointment of Kutuzov caused a patriotic upsurge in the army and the people.
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The Battle of Borodino The Battle of Borodino - the largest battle of the Patriotic War of 1812 between the Russian and French armies - took place on September 7, 1812 near the village of Borodino. Under the powerful onslaught of the French, Russian troops continued to retreat in order to gain time to gather all their forces. By that time, Napoleon's army had already suffered significant losses, and the difference in numbers between the two armies had narrowed. In this situation, Kutuzov decided to give a general battle not far from Moscow, near the village of Borodino. Early in the morning of September 7, 1812, the great Battle of Borodino began.
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Battle of Borodino For 6 hours, Russian troops repulsed fierce enemy attacks. The losses were huge on both sides - over 38 thousand Russian soldiers and 58 thousand French. The Russian army retreated, but retained its combat effectiveness. Napoleon failed to achieve the main thing - the defeat of the Russian army. Kutuzov launched a “small war” with the help of army partisan detachments. By the end of December, the remnants of Napoleon's army were expelled from Russia. The Battle of Borodino is one of the bloodiest battles of the 19th century. In honor of the great victory, the Day of the Battle of Borodino is marked with a holiday - the Day of Military Glory of Russia.
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Presentation on the topic: Mikhail Illarionovich Kutuzov, savior of the fatherland Completed 4 “E” classSlide 2
contents Biography of Mikhail Illarionovich Kutuzov Study Beginning of military career Battle of Borodino
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Biography of M.I. Kutuzov Mikhail Kutuzov was born in 1745 into a noble family that had ancestral roots on Novgorod land. His father, Illarion Matveevich Kutuzova (1717-1784), a military engineer, lieutenant general and senator, had a great influence on the education and upbringing of his son. Since childhood, Kutuzov was gifted with a strong build, combining inquisitiveness, enterprise and agility with thoughtfulness and a kind heart.
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Studying From the age of seven, Mikhail studied at home. He received his military education at the artillery engineering school, where his father taught artillery sciences. He graduated from school in 1759 among the best, with the rank of engineer-ensign, and was left at the school as a teacher to teach students mathematics.
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Beginning of a military career In 1761, at his own request, he was sent as a company commander to the Astrakhan Infantry Regiment. Due to his excellent knowledge of languages (German, French, and later Polish, Swedish and Turkish), in 1762 he was appointed adjutant to the Governor General. In 1764 - 1769 served in Poland in the troops of N. Repnin.
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Beginning of a military career Of great importance in the formation of Kutuzov as a military leader was the combat experience he accumulated during the Russian-Turkish wars of the second half of the 18th century under the leadership of commanders P. A. Rumyantsev and A. V. Suvorov. During the Russian-Turkish war of 1768-74. P.A.Rumyantsev A.V.Suvorov
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The beginning of his military career Kutuzov took part in battles. For his distinction in battles he was promoted to prime major. In December 1771 he received the rank of lieutenant colonel, in 1777 he was promoted to colonel, and in November 1784 he received the rank of major general.
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War with Napoleon In 1804, Russia entered into a coalition to fight Napoleon, and in 1805 the Russian government sent two armies to Austria; Kutuzov was appointed commander-in-chief of one of them. In August 1805, a 50,000-strong Russian army under his command moved to Austria. Napoleon l Bonaparte
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The War with Napoleon The Austrian army, which did not have time to unite with the Russian troops, was defeated by Napoleon in October 1805 near Ulm. Kutuzov's army found itself face to face with the enemy, who had a significant superiority in forces. Preserving his troops, Kutuzov made a retreat march-maneuver and withdrew his troops from under the looming threat of encirclement. This march went down in the history of military art as a wonderful example of strategic maneuver.
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Patriotic War of 1812 At the beginning of the Patriotic War of 1812, General Kutuzov was elected head of the St. Petersburg and then Moscow militia. At the initial stage of the Patriotic War, the Russian armies retreated under the pressure of Napoleon's superior forces. The unsuccessful course of the war prompted the nobility to demand the appointment of a commander who would enjoy the trust of Russian society.
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Patriotic War of 1812 Tsar Alexander I was forced to appoint General Kutuzov as commander-in-chief of all Russian armies and militias. Shortly before his appointment, the Tsar granted Kutuzov the title of His Serene Highness. The appointment of Kutuzov caused a patriotic upsurge in the army and the people.
Slide 12
The Battle of Borodino The Battle of Borodino - the largest battle of the Patriotic War of 1812 between the Russian and French armies - took place on September 7, 1812 near the village of Borodino. Under the powerful onslaught of the French, Russian troops continued to retreat in order to gain time to gather all their forces. By that time, Napoleon's army had already suffered significant losses, and the difference in numbers between the two armies had narrowed. In this situation, Kutuzov decided to give a general battle not far from Moscow, near the village of Borodino. Early in the morning of September 7, 1812, the great Battle of Borodino began.
Slide 13
Battle of Borodino For 6 hours, Russian troops repulsed fierce enemy attacks. The losses were huge on both sides - over 38 thousand Russian soldiers and 58 thousand French. The Russian army retreated, but retained its combat effectiveness. Napoleon failed to achieve the main thing - the defeat of the Russian army. Kutuzov launched a “small war” with the help of army partisan detachments. By the end of December, the remnants of Napoleon's army were expelled from Russia. The Battle of Borodino is one of the bloodiest battles of the 19th century. In honor of the great victory, the Day of the Battle of Borodino is marked with a holiday - the Day of Military Glory of Russia.
M.I. KUTUZOV
Mikhail Illarionovich Kutuzov came from an old noble family. His father I.M. Golenishchev-Kutuzov rose to the rank of lieutenant general and the rank of senator. Having received an excellent home education, 12-year-old Mikhail, after passing the exam in 1759, was enrolled as a corporal in the United Artillery and Engineering Noble School.
battle of Borodino
On August 26, 1812, the Battle of Borodino took place. “...You will never see such battles! The banners were rushing like shadows, the fire was shining in the smoke, damask steel was sounding, buckshot was screaming, the soldiers’ hands were tired of stabbing, and a mountain of bloody bodies prevented the cannonballs from flying.” M.Yu.Lermontov
At the beginning of the Patriotic War of 1812, General Kutuzov was elected in July as the head of the St. Petersburg and then the Moscow militia. At the initial stage of the Patriotic War, the 1st and 2nd Western Russian armies rolled back under the pressure of Napoleon's superior forces. The unsuccessful course of the war prompted the nobility to demand the appointment of a commander who would enjoy the trust of Russian society. According to one piece of evidence, he expressed himself this way about the methods he would use against the French: “We will not defeat Napoleon. We will deceive him. “On August 29, Kutuzov received an army from Barclay de Tolly in the village of Tsarevo-Zaimishche, Smolensk province. During the day of the battle, the Russian army inflicted heavy losses on the French troops, but according to preliminary estimates, by the night of the same day it itself had lost almost half of the regular troops. The balance of power obviously did not shift in favor of Kutuzov. Kutuzov decided to withdraw from the Borodino position, and then, after a meeting in Fili (now a Moscow region), left Moscow. Nevertheless, the Russian army showed itself worthy at Borodino, for which Kutuzov was promoted to field marshal general on August 30. After leaving Moscow, Kutuzov secretly carried out the famous Tarutino flank maneuver, leading the army to the village of Tarutino by the beginning of October. Finding himself south and west of Napoleon, Kutuzov blocked his routes to the southern regions of the country.
Having failed in his attempts to make peace with Russia, Napoleon began to withdraw from Moscow on October 19. He tried to lead the army to Smolensk by a southern route through Kaluga, where there were supplies of food and fodder, but on October 24, in the battle for Maloyaroslavets, he was stopped by Kutuzov and retreated along the devastated Smolensk road. Russian troops launched a counteroffensive, which Kutuzov organized so that Napoleon's army was under flank attacks by regular and partisan detachments, and Kutuzov avoided a frontal battle with large masses of troops. Thanks to Kutuzov's strategy, Napoleonic's huge army was almost completely destroyed. It should be especially noted that the victory was achieved at the cost of moderate losses in the Russian army. Kutuzov was criticized in pre-Soviet and post-Soviet times for his reluctance to act more decisively and aggressively, for his preference for certain victory at the expense of great glory. Knight of St. George. Napoleon often spoke contemptuously about the commanders opposing him, without mincing words. It is characteristic that he avoided giving public assessments of Kutuzov’s command in the Patriotic War, preferring to blame the “harsh Russian winter” for the complete destruction of his army. Napoleon's attitude towards Kutuzov can be seen in a personal letter written by Napoleon from Moscow on October 3, 1812 with the aim of starting peace negotiations.
Monuments. They stand all over the Borodino field like sentries. They were erected on the centenary of the Battle of Borodino in 1912 by soldiers of the Russian army.
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Childhood and youth
Patriotic War of 1812
Kutuzov in literature
Kutuzov in painting
Turkish War Personal life
battle of Borodino
Kutuzov military Interesting facts Other merits In the name of Kutuzov
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Mikhail Illarionovich Kutuzov was born on September 5 (16), 1747 in St. Petersburg in the family of Senator Illarion Golenishchev-Kutuzov. The future commander received his primary education at home. In 1759, Kutuzov entered the Artillery and Engineering Noble School. In 1761 he completed his studies and, on the recommendation of Count Shuvalov, remained at school to teach mathematics to children. Soon Mikhail Illarionovich received the rank of aide-de-camp, and later - captain, company commander of an infantry regiment commanded by A. Suvorov.
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In 1770, Mikhail Illarionovich was transferred to the army of P. A. Rumyantsev, in which he took part in the war with Turkey. In 1771, for his successes in the battle of Popeshty, Kutuzov received the rank of lieutenant colonel. In 1772, Mikhail Illarionovich was transferred to the 2nd Army of Prince Dolgoruky in Crimea. During one of the battles, Kutuzov was wounded and sent to Austria for treatment.
Returning to Russia in 1776, he again entered military service. Soon he received the rank of colonel and the rank of major general. A brief biography of Mikhail Illarionovich Kutuzov would be incomplete without mentioning that in 1788 - 1790 he took part in the siege of Ochakov, the battles near Kaushany, the assault on Bendery and Izmail, for which he received the rank of lieutenant general.
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In 1805, the war with Napoleon began. The Russian government appointed Kutuzov as commander-in-chief of the army, whose biography testified to his high military skill. The march-maneuver to Olmets, carried out by Mikhail Illarionovich in October 1805, went down in the history of military art as exemplary. In November 1805, Kutuzov's army was defeated during the Battle of Austerlitz. In 1806, Mikhail Illarionovich was appointed military governor of Kyiv, and in 1809 - Lithuanian governor-general. Having distinguished himself during the Turkish War of 1811, Kutuzov was elevated to the rank of count.
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The Battle of Borodino took place on August 26 (September 7), 1812 near the village of Borodino, 125 km west of Moscow. During the 12-hour battle, the French army managed to capture the positions of the Russian army in the center and on the left wing, but after the cessation of hostilities, the French army retreated to its original positions. Thus, in Russian historiography it is believed that the Russian troops won, but the next day the commander-in-chief of the Russian army M.I. Kutuzov gave the order to retreat due to heavy losses and because Emperor Napoleon had large reserves that were rushing to the aid of the French army.
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During the Patriotic War of 1812, Alexander I appointed Kutuzov as commander-in-chief of all Russian armies, and also awarded him the title of His Serene Highness. During the most important battles of Borodino and Tarutino in his life, the commander showed an excellent strategy. Napoleon's army was destroyed. In 1813, while traveling with an army through Prussia, Mikhail Illarionovich caught a cold and fell ill in the town of Bunzlau. He was getting worse and on April 16 (28), 1813, commander Kutuzov died. The great military leader was buried in the Kazan Cathedral in St. Petersburg.
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Interesting facts In 1774, during the battle in Alushta, Kutuzov was wounded by a bullet that damaged the commander’s right eye, but contrary to popular belief, his vision was preserved. Mikhail Illarionovich was awarded sixteen honorary awards and became the first Knight of St. George in the entire history of the order. Mikhail Kutuzov is one of the main characters in L.N. Tolstoy’s “War and Peace,” which is studied in the 10th grade.
Kutuzov was a restrained, prudent commander, who gained the reputation of a cunning man. Napoleon himself called him “the old fox of the North.”
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Thanks to the project of Illarion Matveevich, the consequences of the flood of the Neva River were prevented.
Kutuzov's plan was carried out under Catherine II. As a reward, Mikhail Illarionovich's father received a golden snuffbox decorated with precious stones as a gift from the ruler.
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According to rumors, the commander’s first lover was a certain Ulyana Alexandrovich, who came from the family of the Little Russian nobleman Ivan Alexandrovich.
in 1778, Mikhail Kutuzov proposed marriage to Ekaterina Ilyinichna Bibikova and the girl agreed. The marriage produced six children, but the first-born Nikolai died in infancy from smallpox.
It is known that at the time of their relationship the girl fell ill with a dangerous disease for which no medicine could help.
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G.R. Derzhavin. Poem “Prince Kutuzov of Smolensk” This poem dates from the year of the death of the great commander. How does Kutuzov appear in this poem? Of course, a hero, “Defender of half the world.” G.R. Derzhavin glorifies his feat and says that Kutuzov was able to “save the Fatherland from evil,” “destroy hostile villains,” and “wash away the daring trace of anger with the blood of anger.” The work ends with lines that tell the reader about a great loss - about the death of Kutuzov: “Behold your mother, Russia, - behold - she stretches out her arms to the grave, Revived by you, weeps, And the kings cry for you!” B) Fables by I.A. Krylova "Wagon Train", "Crow and Hen" This work concerns the strategy and tactics of Kutuzov in the Patriotic War of 1812. Thus, by the image of a “good horse” Krylov meant precisely the famous commander, with his caution and restraint in repelling the Napoleonic invasion. I would like to draw attention to the words: “If you get down to business yourself, you’ll do something worse” - here there is a clear hint of Alexander I, through whose fault the Battle of Austerlitz was lost. In the fable “The Crow and the Hen,” Krylov talks about Kutuzov’s abandonment of Moscow: “He set a net for the new vandals and left Moscow for their destruction.” B) V.A. Zhukovsky. “A Singer in the Camp of Russian Warriors”, “Message to the Leader of the Winners” In the poem “A Singer in the Camp of Russian Warriors”, the author glorifies the great feat of Russian commanders, those who were able to defeat Napoleon. “Praise be to you, our cheerful leader, a hero with gray hair!” This is what Zhukovsky says about Kutuzov, thanks to whom “Moscow was not given over to plunder.” After the battle near the village of Krasny, of which Zhukovsky was an eyewitness, he wrote the poem “To the Leader of the Winners,” dedicated to Kutuzov: “Everywhere, oh leader, blessings to you! The song will betray you to posterity!” The poem vividly describes the panicked flight of Napoleon's army: “And the enemy, covered in shame, rushes back.” D) K.F. Ryleev. “ODE TO THE PRINCE OF SMOLENSK” “Hero, savior of the fatherland!” - it is with these lines that the ode begins, a song of praise to the genius M.I. Kutuzov. The author describes the enemy with malice and disdain: “That you are an evil, fierce, low spirit, a fiend of hell, not a hero!” And Kutuzov before him “is an angel.” Ryleev also praises the foreign campaign of the Russian army led by Kutuzov, who was able to liberate many countries from invaders: “You followed him, and glory flew quickly on the wings.” D) A.F. Voeikov. “To Prince Golenishchev-Kutuzov of Smolensk” The author bows to the feat of the great commander: “I will embrace your sacred tribes,” calls Kutuzov “the savior of the universe!” " From these lines one can see the author's attitude towards the commander. He admires and praises not only the feat, but also Kutuzov himself as a person. The author claims that the name of Kutuzov will forever remain in the memory of descendants and will never be forgotten: “And your glorious name will pass on to your descendants from generation to generation in blessings.” E) The image of M.I. Kutuzov in the epic novel “War and Peace” by L.N. Tolstoy “War and Peace” is a philosophical novel in which L.N. Tolstoy plays out his philosophy of history. The year 1812 for Tolstoy is a special time when all Russian people feel one thing: love for the Motherland, love for their land. The novel depicts two wars: 1805 and 1812. And if Russia participates in the first war as an ally, and this war is an aggressive one, then in 1812 the liberation idea comes to the fore. This war is being waged by the entire people. Tolstoy had great sympathy for the people who played the main and decisive role in the war against the French conquerors. The patriotic feelings that gripped the Russians gave rise to mass heroism of the defenders of the Motherland. Tolstoy portrays Kutuzov as a man who embodied the spirit of the people. During the War of 1812, all his efforts were aimed at one goal - the cleansing of his native land from invaders. “It is difficult to imagine a goal more worthy and more consistent with the will of the entire people,” says the writer. The appearance of the commander is somewhat reminiscent of portraits of ordinary Russian soldiers. Kutuzov is able to understand a simple person, and he himself is simple by nature. Tolstoy perfectly captured some of the character traits of the great Russian commander: his deep patriotic feelings, love for the Russian people and hatred of the enemy, closeness to the soldier. The image of Kutuzov is the embodiment of simplicity, goodness and truth. He is a true patriot. Speaking about Kutuzov, two more significant features of him should be mentioned - religiosity and the ability to compassion. Let us remember the scene of the prayer service before the Battle of Borodino. Tolstoy shows the religious unity of Russian people. Kutuzov “with a childishly naive stretch of his lips kissed the icon... bowed, touching the ground with his hand. During the panicked flight of the French from Russia, Kutuzov did his best to keep the Russian troops from useless attacks. Vengefulness is alien to both the ordinary Russian soldier and the commander-in-chief. After the battle near Krasnoye, Kutuzov takes pity on the French prisoners: “While they were strong, we did not feel sorry for them, but now we can feel sorry for them. They are people too." And these words of the old commander resonate in the merciful hearts of Russian soldiers. I) Danilevsky, G. P. Roman “Burnt Moscow”. Pravda, 1981.–671 p. A large place in it is occupied by descriptions of the atrocities of the Napoleonic army, pictures of national disasters and the selfless struggle of Russian patriots. Entering Moscow, Napoleon intended to celebrate victory, but found himself in a trap. The devastated, plundered and half-burnt city became the “limit of attack” for the enemy, a harbinger of the collapse of Napoleon’s invasion and rule in Europe. Danilevsky’s novel is not only about a city burned in flames, but also about the strength of spirit of the Russian people. L). Konshin N. M. Count Oboyansky, or Smolensk in 1812 Roman N. M. Konshina “Count Oboyansky, or Smolensk in 1812. The Story of an Invalid Man" was first published in 1834. The novel reflects Konshin’s personal impressions of the Patriotic War of 1812, of the places where he was near Smolensk, observing “something majestic in this city and not yet touched by the war and seething with the desire to fight for the Fatherland.” These sentiments are clearly reflected in Konshin’s novel. M). Mikhailov O. Kutuzov: source. novel. - M.: AST: Astrel, 2004. - 574 p. The historical novel by the modern writer Oleg Mikhailov tells about the great commander to whom Russia owes victory in the War of 1812, about Field Marshal Mikhail Illarionovich Kutuzov (1745-1813), who in critical moments for the Fatherland knew how to take full responsibility. The book's reference apparatus contains an article from the encyclopedic dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron, comments on the text of the novel and a chronological table of the life of the great commander. N. Alekseev S.P. Bird-Glory: Stories about the Patriotic War of 1812. 1812 A huge, half-million-strong army of the French Emperor Napoleon attacked our homeland. Our grandfathers and great-grandfathers showed a lot of courage, perseverance and great filial devotion to the homeland in defending their Fatherland. This book tells about our famous great-grandfathers - the heroes of the War of 1812. Conclusion: In works of literature, M.I. Kutuzov is the savior of not only Russia, but the whole world, his death becomes a huge grief for everyone. Poets and writers praise his talent, strategy and heroism, they thank him for his great feat. And of course, all works emphasize the kindness, tolerance and love for the Fatherland of M.I. Kutuzov.
G.R. Derzhavin. Poem “Prince Kutuzov of Smolensk” B) Fables by I.A. Krylov "A.F. Voeikov. "To Prince Golenishchev-Kutuzov of Smolensky" Konshin N.M. Count Oboyansky, or Smolensk in 1812 Mikhailov O. Kutuzov: historical novel. - M.: AST: Astrel, 2004. - 574 p. Alekseev S.P. Glory Bird: Stories about the Patriotic War of 1812. Conclusion: In the works of literature, M.I. Kutuzov is the savior of not only Russia, but the whole world, his death becomes a huge grief for everyone. Poets and writers sing his praises talent, strategy and heroism, they thank him for the great feat. And of course, all works emphasize the kindness, tolerance and love for the Fatherland of M.I. Kutuzov.
G.R. Derzhavin. Poem "Prince Kutuzov of Smolensk"
Fables by I.A. Krylov "Wagon Train", "Crow and Chicken"
L. Tolstoy. "War and Peace"
Konshin N. M. “Count Oboyansky, or Smolensk in 1812”
Alekseev S.P. “Bird-Glory: Stories about the Patriotic War of 1812.”
Danilevsky, G. P. Roman “Burnt Moscow”
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Alekseev S.P. Glory Bird: Stories about the Patriotic War of 1812. 1812 A huge, half-million-strong army of the French Emperor Napoleon attacked our homeland. Our grandfathers and great-grandfathers showed a lot of courage, perseverance and great filial devotion to the homeland in defending their Fatherland. This book tells about our famous great-grandfathers - the heroes of the War of 1812.
Slide 12
Danilevsky, G.P. Novel “Burnt Moscow” A large place in it is occupied by descriptions of the atrocities of the Napoleonic army, pictures of national disasters and the selfless struggle of Russian patriots. Entering Moscow, Napoleon intended to celebrate victory, but found himself in a trap. The devastated, plundered and half-burnt city became the “limit of attack” for the enemy, a harbinger of the collapse of Napoleon’s invasion and rule in Europe. Danilevsky’s novel is not only about a city burned in flames, but also about the strength of spirit of the Russian people.
Slide 13
Novel by N. M. Konshin “Count Oboyansky, or Smolensk in 1812.” The Story of an Invalid Man" was first published in 1834. The novel reflects Konshin’s personal impressions of the Patriotic War of 1812, of the places where he was near Smolensk, observing “something majestic in this city and not yet touched by the war and seething with the desire to fight for the Fatherland.” These sentiments are clearly reflected in Konshin’s novel.
Konshin N. M. Count Oboyansky, or Smolensk in 1812
Slide 14
Derzhavin. Poem “Prince Kutuzov of Smolensk” This poem dates from the year of the death of the great commander. How does Kutuzov appear in this poem? Of course, a hero, “Defender of half the world.” G.R. Derzhavin glorifies his feat and says that Kutuzov was able to “save the Fatherland from evil,” “destroy hostile villains,” and “wash away the daring trace of anger with the blood of anger.” The work ends with lines that tell the reader about a great loss - about the death of Kutuzov: “Behold your mother, Russia, - behold - she stretches out her arms to the grave, Revived by you, weeps, And the kings cry for you!”
Slide 15
“War and Peace” is a philosophical novel in which L. N. Tolstoy plays out his philosophy of history. Tolstoy had great sympathy for the people who played the main and decisive role in the war against the French conquerors. Tolstoy portrays Kutuzov as a man who embodied the spirit of the people. During the War of 1812, all his efforts were aimed at one goal - the cleansing of his native land from invaders. “It is difficult to imagine a goal more worthy and more consistent with the will of the entire people,” says the writer. compassion.
The appearance of the commander is somewhat reminiscent of portraits of ordinary Russian soldiers. Kutuzov is able to understand a simple person, and he himself is simple by nature. Tolstoy perfectly captured some of the character traits of the great Russian commander: his deep patriotic feelings, love for the Russian people and hatred of the enemy, closeness to the soldier. The image of Kutuzov is the embodiment of simplicity, goodness and truth. He is a true patriot. Speaking about Kutuzov, two more significant features of him should be mentioned - religiosity and the ability to compassion.
Slide 16
The fable “Oboz” concerns the strategy and tactics of Kutuzov in the Patriotic War of 1812. Thus, by the image of the “good horse” Krylov meant precisely the famous commander, with his caution and restraint in repelling the Napoleonic invasion. I would like to draw attention to the words: “If you get down to business yourself, you’ll do something worse” - here there is a clear hint of Alexander I, through whose fault the Battle of Austerlitz was lost. In the fable “The Crow and the Hen,” Krylov talks about Kutuzov’s abandonment of Moscow: “He set a net for the new vandals and left Moscow for their destruction.”
Slide 17
The Russian-Turkish wars of 1768–1774 are a significant milestone in the biography of Mikhail Illarionovich. Thanks to the conflict between the Russian and Ottoman empires, Kutuzov gained combat experience and proved himself to be an outstanding military leader. In July 1774, the son of Illarion Matveyevich, commander of a regiment intended to storm enemy fortifications, was wounded in a battle against the Turkish landing in the Crimea, but miraculously survived. The fact is that the enemy bullet pierced the commander’s left temple and exited near his right eye.
Slide 18
A Soviet order was named in honor of Kutuzov, which was established during the Great Patriotic War to reward exclusively the command staff of the Red Army for well-developed and carried out combat operations. The Order of Kutuzov was supposed to be awarded for defensive operations. Three degrees of the order's badge are awarded depending on the seniority of the rank. Thus, commanders of regiments, battalions, and companies became knights of the Order of Kutuzov, 3rd degree; commanders of corps, divisions and brigades - 2nd degree; The Order of Kutuzov, 1st degree, in accordance with the statute, was awarded to commanders of fronts and armies.
The light cruiser, which served in the Black Sea Fleet in 1955-2000, bears the name of the commander. He took part in rescue operations and towing ships, parades and exercises, and performed combat missions in the Atlantic and Mediterranean during the Cold War. The cruiser has completed 15 long-distance cruises. The ship is currently parked in Novorossiysk, and since 2002 it has been open to the public as a museum.
Slide 19
A. Kivshenko “Military Council in Fili”
Slide 23
List of sources used
1. Bragin M. Kutuzov. / Electronic resource: https://royallib.com/book/bragin_mihail/kutuzov.html 2. Volodin V. No wonder all of Russia remembers. / Moscow: “Young Guard”. – 1987. – p. 83-94 3. Katsaf A. Book of the future commander. / St. Petersburg: “Timoshka”. - 2006. – p. 68-73 4. Nadezhdina N. No wonder all of Russia remembers. / Moscow: “Baby”. – 1986. – p. 12-17 5. Electronic resource: https://defendingrussia.ru/a/kutuzov_putevoditel-3817/
